CN102473135B - 存储器管理系统及其使用的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种存储器管理系统和管理计算机的存储设备的存储块的方法。所述系统包含:空闲块数据结构(12),其包含供写入的空闲存储块(14),并根据块写入擦除耐久循环计数以预定顺序排序空闲存储块,以及分别地接收更新现有数据的新的用户写入请求以及重定位现有数据的重定位写入请求;用户写入块池(IS),用于接收持有来自所述空闲块数据结构的用户写入数据(即,任何频繁更新的页面)的最新块;重定位块池(20),用于接收持有来自所述空闲块数据结构的重定位数据(即,任何不常更新的页面)的最旧块;以及垃圾收集池结构(24),用于选择用户写入块和重定位块中的至少一个以便用于垃圾收集,其中选定块在被重定位和擦除后会被移回所述空闲块数据结构。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及数据存储设备,更具体地说,涉及存储器管理系统以及通过数据放置、垃圾收集和耗损平衡(wear-leveling)过程来改进基于闪存的固态驱动器(SDD)设备的写入擦除耐久寿命的方法。
背景技术
目前,基于NAND闪存的SSD设备被用作从笔记本电脑到企业存储系统的计算机架构中的主要存储设备。这些设备提供比旋转式硬盘驱动器(HDD)好几个量级的随机I/O性能和存取延迟。此外,SSD显著降低了功耗并极大地提高了稳固性和防震性。NAND闪存按照块来组织,其中每个块包含固定数量的页面并且块是擦除操作的基本单位,而读取和写入以页面的方式来处理。在可以将数据写入块中的页面之前(以数据编程页面),块必须先被擦除。SSD利用较大的块作为擦除单位以及较小的页面作为读取和写入单位来实现“写入放大(write amplification)”,其中在为来自主机系统的用户写入提供服务时,SSD必需执行经常性内部管理写入。NAND闪存具有有限的写入擦除循环计数。一般而言,基于单层单元(SLC)的快闪芯片可承受105次程序擦除循环,而基于多层单元(MLC)的快闪芯片可承受104次程序擦除循环。
闪存例如出于性能原因使用写入时重定位(relocate-on-write)(即,不在位写入(out-of-place write))。如果使用在位写入(write-in-place),快闪会因为需要对被更新的数据的整个块进行读取、擦除和重新编程(即写入)而呈现高延迟。不在位更新的管理涉及分配给每个用户页面写入的逻辑块地址(LBA)与是闪存内的物理页面地址的物理块地址(PBA)之间的映射。
在写入时重定位需要垃圾收集过程,因此导致性能因额外的读取和写入操作而降低。垃圾收集所导致的读取和写入操作的数量取决于块利用率。
闪存块最后会因为越来越多的写入擦除循环而用坏,直到无法被擦除或写入为止。因此,耗损平衡技术用于耗尽尽可能多的块的循环预算,以为尽可能多的用户写入提供服务(即,最大化耐久性)。当垃圾收集无法提供空闲块时(称作“耗损平衡不足”),虽然SSD设备还有一些未使用的循环预算,但最终会报销。
不平均的闪存块损耗主要是由于工作负荷的空间局限性。块耗损的不平衡性会逐渐扩大。静态耗损平衡通常用于处理此不平衡的耗损,方式是强迫冷数据(即不常被更新的数据)自新块迁移到旧块并释放较新的块以便持有热数据。由于静态耗损平衡所产生的写入放大的增加取决于冷数据被移动的频繁程度。除了用户写入之外,垃圾收集和耗损平衡亦会产生写入操作,因此写入擦除耐久寿命(可以以可服务的用户写入总数来衡量)取决于可用的总循环预算、写入放大、以及由于耗损平衡不足而导致的最终未消耗的循环预算。
目前,耗损平衡已被视为提高基于闪存的SSD设备的耐久寿命的标准方法。然而,SSD设备的耐久寿命不仅取决于耗损平衡,而且还取决于数据放置和垃圾收集。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种通过数据放置、垃圾收集以及耗损平衡过程的组合提高基于闪存的SSD的写入擦除耐久寿命的方法和系统。
根据本发明的一个实施例,提供了一种用于计算机的存储设备的存储器管理系统。所述系统包含空闲块数据结构,其包含多个供写入的空闲存储块,所述空闲块数据结构配置为根据块写入擦除耐久循环计数以预定顺序排序所述空闲存储块。所述空闲块数据结构还配置为分别地接收更新现有数据的新的用户写入请求以及重定位现有数据的重定位写入请求,使得来自新的用户写入请求的用户写入数据被置于具有较低块写入擦除耐久循 环计数的最新空闲存储块,而来自重定位请求的重定位数据被置于具有比所述最新空闲存储块的块写入擦除耐久循环计数高的块写入擦除耐久循环计数的最旧空闲存储块。所述系统还包含:用户写入数据结构,配置为接收持有来自所述空闲块数据结构的所述用户写入数据的用户写入存储块;重定位数据结构,配置为接收持有来自所述空闲块数据结构的所述重定位数据的重定位存储块;以及垃圾收集池结构,配置为选择所述用户写入存储块和重定位存储块中的至少一个以便擦除,其中选定块被擦除后会被移动到所述空闲块数据结构。
根据本发明的另一个实施例,提供了一种用于计算机的存储设备的存储器管理系统。所述系统包含空闲块数据结构,其包含多个供写入的空闲存储块,所述空闲块数据结构配置为根据块写入擦除耐久循环计数以预定顺序排序所述空闲存储块。所述空闲块数据结构还配置为接收更新现有数据的新的用户写入请求以及重定位现有数据的重定位写入请求,使得来自新的用户写入请求的用户写入数据被置于具有较低块写入擦除耐久循环计数的最新空闲存储块,而来自重定位请求的重定位数据被置于具有比所述最新空闲存储块的块写入擦除耐久循环计数高的块写入擦除耐久循环计数的最旧空闲存储块。所述系统还包含:延迟块数据结构,配置为接收持有来自所述空闲块数据结构的所述用户写入数据的存储块和持有来自所述空闲块数据结构的所述重定位数据的存储块,以及延迟所述存储块以免被立即选为用于垃圾收集的候选存储块;以及垃圾收集池结构,配置为接收来自所述延迟块数据结构的存储块,以及选择所述存储块中的至少一个以便擦除,其中选定存储块被擦除后会被移动到所述空闲块数据结构。
根据本发明的另一个实施例,提供了一种管理计算机的存储设备内的存储块的计算机实现的方法。所述方法包含:根据块写入擦除耐久循环计数以预定顺序维护用于写入的空闲存储块,以及接收更新现有数据的新的用户写入请求以及重定位现有数据的重定位写入请求;将来自所述新的用户写入请求的用户写入数据置于具有较低块写入擦除耐久循环计数的最新空闲存储块;将来自所述重定位写入请求的重定位数据置于具有比所述最 新空闲存储块的块写入擦除耐久循环计数高的块写入擦除耐久循环计数的最旧空闲存储块;维护持有所述用户写入数据的用户写入存储块以及持有所述重定位数据的重定位存储块;以及选择所述用户写入存储块或所述重定位存储块中的至少一个以便擦除。
根据本发明的另一个实施例,还提供了一种实施上述方法的计算机程序产品。
通过本发明的技术实现了其它特征和优点。在此详细描述了本发明的其它实施例和方面并将它们视为要求保护的发明的一部份。参照以下描述和附图可更好地了解本发明的优点和特征。
附图说明
在说明书结尾处的权利要求中具体指出并明确要求保护了被视为本发明的主题。从下面结合附图的详细说明,本发明的上述和其他特征和优点是显而易见的,这些附图是:
图1是示出可在本发明的实施例中实现的闪存管理系统的方块图;
图2是示出可在本发明的备选实施例中实现的闪存管理系统的方块图;
图3是示出可在本发明的实施例中实现的用于管理存储设备内的存储块的方法的流程图;以及
图4是可在本发明的实施例中实现的通用计算机的方块图。
具体实施方式
参照图1,其中示出可在本发明的一个实施例中实现的闪存管理系统。本发明的一个实施例根据分离和预测,利用数据放置、垃圾收集以及耗损平衡过程来提高基于闪存的SSD设备的写入擦除耐久寿命。系统10基于动态数据比静态数据更快耗损块的预测,尽可能将动态数据页置于具有较低块写入擦除耐久循环计数(即,较高的剩余未消耗循环计数)的较新块,以及将静态数据页置于较旧的块,进而动态地将具有动态数据页的块与具 有静态数据页(即,具有较少更新的页面)的块相分离。
如图1所示,提供了用于计算机的存储设备的存储器管理系统10(如图4所示)。系统10包含空闲块数据结构12(即,空闲块池),其包含多个供写入的空闲存储块14。空闲块池12基于块写入擦除耐久循环计数以预定顺序排序空闲存储块14。例如,根据本发明的一个实施例,基于块写入擦除耐久循环计数以升序排序空闲存储块14,使得最左侧的空闲存储块14具有最低的写入擦除耐久循环计数,而最右侧的空闲存储块14具有最高的写入擦除耐久循环计数。换句话说,空闲存储块14基于块写入擦除耐久计数而从最新到最旧排序。根据本发明的一个实施例,空闲块池12分别通过系统10的用户接收新的用户写入请求,以更新现有数据,并通过垃圾收集过程(系统10内部)接收重定位写入请求,以重定位现有数据。根据本发明的一个实施例,系统10将用户写入数据流与重定位数据流分离,因为与用户数据页面相比,重定位数据页面可被视为较“静态”。
根据本发明的一个实施例,如果系统10包含具有不同写入擦除循环预算的块,例如,如果存在混合的单层单元(SLC)与多层单元(MLC)快闪,则根据块的剩余写入擦除循环计数来组织空闲块池12,将具有最高剩余(未消耗)写入擦除循环计数的块置于左侧(即,最新的块)。
此外,如图1所示,系统10包含用户写入数据结构16(即,用户写入块池)和重定位数据结构20(即,重定位块池)。根据本发明的一个实施例,当最左侧的空闲存储块14被用户写入数据页所填满时,存储块14然后被从空闲块池12移除,并被推入用户写入块池16。此外,当最右侧的存储块14被重定位数据页面所填满时,其被从空闲块池12移除,并被推入重定位块池20。根据本发明的一个实施例,用户写入块池16和重定位块池20均可由数据结构管理,并且在当前实施例中,池由队列数据结构管理,意味着新填满的块被置于每个队列的尾端。因此,用户写入数据结构16接收持有来自空闲块池12的用户写入数据页的用户写入存储块18,而重定位块池20接收持有来自空闲块池12的重定位数据页面的重定位存储块22(即,最终的存储块)。换句话说,根据本发明的一个实施例,用 户写入数据页被置于最新的块,而重定位数据页面被置于空闲块池12中最旧的存储块。
根据本发明的一个实施例,系统10还包含垃圾收集池结构24,垃圾收集池结构24从来自用户写入块池16或重定位块池20的若干用户写入存储块18和重定位存储块22的组合中选择至少一个存储块。
根据本发明的一个实施例,存储设备的快闪控制器可控制上述数据结构以及垃圾收集池结构24的功能。根据本发明的一个实施例,基于预定的选择规则实现窗口式垃圾收集过程。垃圾收集过程通过监视空闲块池12中的空闲存储块14的数量来触发,以确保最低数量的空闲存储块14。垃圾收集过程在用户写入存储块18的窗口内自用户写入块池16的最左侧开始以及在重定位存储块20的窗口内自重定位块池22的最左侧开始查找存储块。
根据本发明的一个实施例,选择用于垃圾收集的块可来自用户写入块池16或重定位块池20。根据本发明的一个实施例,垃圾收集过程可在具有s+t个块的窗口内执行,其中s个候选块来自用户写入块池16,而t个候选块来自重定位块池20,并且s个块和t个块来自每个数据结构16和20的开始位置,即最先进入池的那些块。根据本发明的一个实施例,用户写入块池16中s个候选块的窗口大小可与重定位块池20中t个候选块的的窗口大小相等或不等。
根据本发明的一个实施例,通过根据预定规则从s+t的垃圾收集窗口选择一个块以便回收来执行垃圾收集过程。本发明的各实施例内可实施若干规则。例如,本发明的一个实施例基于以下规则来获得良好的耗损平衡程度并同时维持高回收效率:
如果系统10内的所有块具有Np个页面且在垃圾收集时的平均剩余(未消耗)循环计数为A,则使用以下规则选择第j*个块用于垃圾收集,使得
j*=arg max(WIj+Dj) for j=0,...,(s+t)-1
其中W是适当的权重因子,取大于1的整数值,而Dj=max(Cj-A,0), 以及其中Ij是垃圾窗口中s+t个块的第j个块中无效数据页的数量,其中j=0,...,(s+t)-1,而Cj代表各块的剩余(未消耗)的耐久循环计数。根据本发明的一个实施例,可经由仿真选择W以最大化系统10的耐久寿命。
选择用于垃圾收集的块后,垃圾收集首先读取该块中仍有效的所有数据页面,并接着将这些页面写入另一块。来自垃圾收集的写入请求称为重定位请求并且被置于最旧的空闲存储块14,如图1所示。LBA至PBA的映射告知垃圾收集哪些数据页有效或无效。当用户更新数据页时,该数据页会变成无效并被写入另一个位置。一旦选定块的所有有效数据页均被重定位,则选定块被擦除。在成功擦除后,选定块被从用户写入块池16或重定位池20移除,并被放入空闲块池12。
窗口式垃圾收集过程的实施方式降低了写入放大和耗损平衡不足,进而提高了基于闪存的存储设备的写入擦除耐久寿命。
根据本发明的另一个实施例,可以更改来自用户写入块池16和重定位块池20的候选块的数量。例如,如果系统10正忙于繁重的用户写入工作负荷,则可改变垃圾收集窗口以仅包含来自用户写入块池16的块,以便暂时将回收效率最大化。另一方面,当系统10空闲时,垃圾收集窗口可包含大多选自重定位块池20的块以及少数来自用户写入块池16的块,由此加速耗损平衡过程。本发明并不限于图1所示的系统并且可根据需求作变化。以下将参考图2讨论备选闪存管理。
相较于图1所示的单独管理用户写入块池16和重定位块池20,根据本发明的另一个实施例,可合并和一起管理这两个池16、20,如图2所示。
图2是示出可在本发明的备选实施例中实现的闪存管理系统的方块图。如图2所示,提供具有延迟块数据结构(即,先进先出(FIFO)队列)的闪存管理系统100,以延迟新写入的块进入垃圾收集池结构。闪存管理系统100包含空闲块数据结构112,空闲块数据结构112包含多个供写入数据的空闲存储块114。空闲块数据结构112的配置类似图1所示的数据结构。空闲块数据结构112基于块写入擦除耐久循环计数以预定顺序排序空闲存储块114,并接收用户写入请求以更新现有数据,以及接收重定位 写入请求以在空闲存储块114上重定位现有数据。此外,系统110包含延迟块数据结构116,其接收来自空闲块数据结构112的持有用户写入数据页(可能较动态)的第一(即最新)存储块118以及持有重定位数据页面(可能较静态)的最后(最旧)存储块120。如上所述,根据本发明的一个实施例,延迟块数据结构116可以是FIFO队列,其中新填充的块118可持有用户写入数据页或重定位数据页面,该块会被推到延迟块数据结构116的一侧。每当块118被推到延迟块数据结构116的一侧时,即有一个块118自另一(即,相对)侧被推出延迟块数据结构116,且该块118接着进入垃圾收集池结构112,如图2所示。因此,垃圾收集池结构122接收来自延迟块数据结构116的存储块118,并选择至少一个存储块118用于垃圾收集。当数据页被重定位且块118被擦除之后,选定块118会被移到空闲块数据结构112以便写入数据。以下将参考图3描述一种管理存储设备内的存储块的方法。
图3是示出可在本发明的实施例中实现的用于管理存储设备内的存储块的方法的流程图。在图3中,在操作300,基于块写入擦除耐久循环计数以预定顺序(例如自最新到最旧)维护用于写入的空闲存储块。所述方法接收更新现有数据的新用户写入请求,以及将现有数据置于空闲存储块的重定位写入请求。根据本发明的一个实施例,通过基于块写入擦除耐久循环计数以升序排序来维护空闲存储块,使得最左侧的空闲存储块是最新的存储块,而最右侧的空闲存储块是最旧的存储块,即其有最少量的剩余(未消耗)循环计数。
自操作300,过程进行到操作310,其中来自新的用户写入请求的用户写入数据被置于最新的空闲存储块。在以用户写入页填满最新的空闲存储块后,最新的存储块(即,现为用户写入存储块)会自空闲块池移除,并被推入用户写入块池(在该池中维护所述最新的存储块)。根据本发明的一个实施例,空闲块池内的第二新存储块现成为最新的存储块,并用于持有用户写入请求。
根据本发明的一个实施例,本发明可判定所涉及的数据页是否频繁被 更新。在数据页不常被更新的情况下,此页会被置于最旧的空闲存储块,这类似于重定位请求。
自操作310,过程进行到操作312,其中来自重定位请求的重定位数据页面被置于最旧的空闲存储块,此存储块具有最不常被更新的数据。一旦最旧的空闲存储块被重定位数据页面所填满,则最旧的空闲存储块(即,现为重定位存储块)会自空闲块池移除,并进入重定位块池(在该池中维护所述最旧的空闲存储块)。
根据本发明的一个实施例,用户写入块池和重定位块池均可由队列数据结构管理,即最新填满的块自队列的一端进入,而垃圾收集窗口设置在此队列的另一端。
自操作312,过程进行到操作314,其中选择用户写入存储块和重定位存储块中的至少一个存储块用于垃圾收集。根据本发明的一个实施例,根据预定规则选择具有用于擦除的窗口的所述至少一个存储块。根据本发明的一个实施例,所述至少一个存储块选自用户写入存储块的窗口和重定位存储块的窗口,这些窗口被单独管理。根据另一个实施例,所述至少一个存储块可选自由被共同管理的用户写入存储块与重定位存储块的组合所形成的窗口。即,如图2所示,将用户写入块池与重定位块池合并在一起。
一般而言,在此描述的根据本发明的各实施例的闪存管理系统和用于管理存储设备内的存储块的方法以通用计算机实现,且所述方法可在可携式或硬式介质上编码为一组指令以供通用计算机使用。图4是适于实现本发明的各实施例的通用计算机的方块图。在图4中,计算机系统400具有至少一个微处理器或中央处理单元(CPU)405。CPU 405通过系统总线410与随机存取存储器(RAM)415、只读存储器(ROM)420、连接可携式数据和/或程序存储设备430以及大容量数据和/或程序存储设备435的输入/输出(I/O)适配器425、连接键盘445和鼠标450的用户接口适配器440、连接数据端口460的端口适配器455、以及连接显示设备470的显示适配器465互连。
ROM 420包含计算机系统400的基本操作系统。操作系统可备选地驻 留于RAM 415或本领域公知的其它位置。可携式数据和/或程序存储设备340的实例包含磁性介质(例如,磁盘驱动器和磁带驱动器)以及光学介质(例如,光驱)。大容量数据和/或程序存储设备435的实例包含硬盘驱动器和非易失性存储器(例如闪存)。除了键盘445和鼠标450之外,其它用户输入设备(例如,轨迹球、手写平板计算机、压力垫、麦克风、光学笔以及位置传感屏幕显示器)可连接到用户接口440。显示设备的实例包含阴极射线管(CRT)和液晶显示器(LCD)。
本领域技术人员可创建具有适当应用接口的计算机程序,并将其存储在系统或数据和/或程序存储设备上,以简化本发明的实施。在操作中,执行本发明的信息或所创建的计算机程序通过数据端口460馈入或利用键盘445键入而被加载到适当的可携式数据和/或程序存储设备430。
鉴于以上描述,所述方法实施例可采取计算机或控制器实现的过程以及用于实现这些过程的装置的形式。本公开亦可以计算机程序代码的形式实施,其中程序代码包含体现在有形介质(例如,磁盘、光盘、硬盘驱动器、或任何其它计算机可读存储介质)中的指令,当计算机程序代码加载并由计算机或控制器执行时,计算机即成为实施本发明的装置。本公开亦可以计算机程序代码或信号的形式实施,例如,不管是存储在存储介质中、载入计算机或控制器和/或由计算机或控制器执行、或通过某种传输介质传输(例如,通过电线或缆线、通过光纤、或电磁辐射),当计算机程序代码被载入计算机并由计算机执行时,此计算机即成为实施本发明的装置。当在通用微处理器中实现时,计算机程序代码区段配置微处理器以创建特定逻辑电路。可执行指令的技术效果是实施上述示意性方法。
本发明的各实施例包含闪存管理系统以及经由数据放置(即分离和排序)、垃圾收集和耗损平衡来管理存储设备内的存储块的方法。因此,本发明提供降低写入放大的优点,因为所述系统公开了将静态数据移到相对较旧的块,以及将动态数据移到相对较新的块。本发明还通过平衡各个块的循环计数使用和校正任何可能的不平衡而实现耗损平衡,同时通过降低所需的写入操作而提高存储设备的性能和存储设备的耐久寿命。
本文中所用的术语,仅仅是为了描述特定的实施例,而不意图限定本发明。本文中所用的单数形式的“一”和“该”,旨在也包括复数形式,除非上下文中明确地另行指出。还要知道,“包含”一词在本说明书中使用时,说明存在所指出的特征、整体、步骤、操作、单元和/或组件,但是并不排除存在或增加一个或多个其它特征、整体、步骤、操作、单元和/或组件,以及/或者它们的组合。
以下的权利要求中的对应结构、材料、操作以及所有功能性限定的装置(means)或步骤的等同替换,旨在包括任何用于与在权利要求中具体指出的其它单元相组合地执行该功能的结构、材料或操作。所给出的对本发明的描述其目的在于示意和描述,并非是穷尽性的,也并非是要把本发明限定到所表述的形式。对于所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不偏离本发明范围和精神的情况下,显然可以做出许多修改和变型。对实施例的选择和说明,是为了最好地解释本发明的原理和实际应用,使所属技术领域的普通技术人员能够明了,本发明可以有适合所要的特定用途的具有各种改变的各种实施方式。
此处示出的流程图只是一个实例。此处描述的这些图或步骤(或操作)可以存在许多变型而不偏离本发明的精神。例如,可以按不同的顺序执行所述步骤,或者可以添加、删除或修改步骤。所有这些变型均被视为所要求保护的发明的一部分。
虽然已描述了本发明的优选实施例,但是将理解,本领域技术人员可以在现在和将来做出各种落入以下权利要求的范围之内的改进和增强。这些权利要求应被解释为维护对先前描述的本发明的适当保护。
Claims (14)
1.一种用于计算机的存储设备的存储器管理系统,所述系统包含:
空闲块数据结构,其包含多个供写入的空闲存储块,所述空闲块数据结构配置为根据块写入擦除耐久循环计数以预定顺序排序所述空闲存储块,并分别地接收更新现有数据的新的用户写入请求以及重定位现有数据的重定位写入请求,使得来自新的用户写入请求的用户写入数据被置于具有较低块写入擦除耐久循环计数的最新空闲存储块,而来自重定位请求的重定位数据被置于具有比所述最新空闲存储块的块写入擦除耐久循环计数高的块写入擦除耐久循环计数的最旧空闲存储块;
用户写入数据结构,配置为接收持有来自所述空闲块数据结构的所述用户写入数据的用户写入存储块;
重定位数据结构,配置为接收持有来自所述空闲块数据结构的所述重定位数据的重定位存储块;以及
垃圾收集池结构,配置为选择所述用户写入存储块和重定位存储块中的至少一个作为选定块以便擦除,其中选定块被擦除后会被移动到所述空闲块数据结构,并且选定块在s+t个存储块的窗口内选择,其中s为窗口内用户写入存储块的数量,t为窗口内重定位存储块的数量。
2.如权利要求1中所述的系统,其中所述用户写入数据结构中的所述用户写入存储块具有最高的剩余未消耗的剩余耐久循环计数,而所述重定位数据结构中的所述重定位存储块具有最低的剩余未消耗耐久循环计数。
3.如权利要求1中所述的系统,其中根据预定规则来选择所述选定块用于垃圾收集。
4.如权利要求3中所述的系统,其中从用户写入存储块的窗口和重定位存储块的窗口选择所述选定块。
5.如权利要求4中所述的系统,其中所述用户写入存储块的窗口的大小等于所述重定位存储块的窗口的大小。
6.如权利要求4中所述的系统,其中所述用户写入存储块的窗口的大小不等于所述重定位存储块的窗口的大小。
7.一种用于计算机的存储设备的存储器管理系统,所述系统包含:
空闲块数据结构,其包含多个供写入的空闲存储块,所述空闲块数据结构配置为根据块写入擦除耐久循环计数以预定顺序排序所述空闲存储块,并接收更新现有数据的新的用户写入请求以及重定位现有数据的重定位写入请求,使得来自新的用户写入请求的用户写入数据被置于具有较低块写入擦除耐久循环计数的最新空闲存储块,而来自重定位请求的重定位数据被置于具有比所述最新空闲存储块的块写入擦除耐久循环计数高的块写入擦除耐久循环计数的最旧空闲存储块;
延迟块数据结构,配置为接收持有来自所述空闲块数据结构的所述用户写入数据的存储块和持有来自所述空闲块数据结构的所述重定位数据的存储块,以及延迟所述用户写入数据的存储块以免被立即选为用于垃圾收集的候选存储块;以及
垃圾收集池结构,配置为接收来自所述延迟块数据结构的存储块,以及选择所述延迟块数据结构的存储块中的至少一个作为选定存储块以便擦除,其中选定存储块被擦除后会被移动到所述空闲块数据结构,并且选定存储块在s+t个存储块的窗口内选择,其中s为窗口内用户写入数据的存储块的数量,t为窗口内重定位数据的存储块的数量。
8.如权利要求7中所述的系统,其中所述延迟块数据结构是先进先出队列。
9.如权利要求8中所述的系统,其中在所述延迟块数据结构的一侧接收持有用户写入页面的存储块或持有重定位数据页面的存储块,以及持有用户写入页面的存储块或持有重定位数据页面的存储块在所述延迟块数据结构的相对侧被推出所述延迟块数据结构并进入所述垃圾收集池结构。
10.一种管理存储设备内的存储块的计算机实现的方法,所述方法包含:
根据块写入擦除耐久循环计数以预定顺序维护用于写入的空闲存储块,以及接收更新现有数据的新的用户写入请求以及重定位现有数据的重定位写入请求;
将来自所述新的用户写入请求的用户写入数据置于具有较低块写入擦除耐久循环计数的最新空闲存储块;
将来自所述重定位写入请求的重定位数据置于具有比所述最新空闲存储块的块写入擦除耐久循环计数高的块写入擦除耐久循环计数的最旧空闲存储块;
维护持有所述用户写入数据的用户写入存储块以及持有所述重定位数据的重定位存储块;以及
选择所述用户写入存储块或所述重定位存储块中的至少一个以便擦除,其中被擦除后的存储快被移动到空闲存储块池中。
11.如权利要求10中所述的计算机实现的方法,其中选择所述用户写入存储块或所述重定位存储块中的至少一个包含:
从分别地管理的用户写入存储块的窗口和重定位存储块的窗口选择至少一个存储块。
12.如权利要求10中所述的计算机实现的方法,其中选择所述用户写入存储块或所述重定位存储块中的至少一个包含:
从用户写入存储块和重定位存储块的组合形成的窗口选择至少一个存储块。
13.如权利要求11中所述的计算机实现的方法,其中所述用户写入存储块的窗口的大小等于所述重定位存储块的窗口的大小。
14.如权利要求11中所述的计算机实现的方法,其中所述用户写入存储块的窗口的大小不等于所述重定位存储块的窗口的大小。
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