CN102472189A - Method and control unit for operating an electromagnetic actuator - Google Patents

Method and control unit for operating an electromagnetic actuator Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102472189A
CN102472189A CN201080037489XA CN201080037489A CN102472189A CN 102472189 A CN102472189 A CN 102472189A CN 201080037489X A CN201080037489X A CN 201080037489XA CN 201080037489 A CN201080037489 A CN 201080037489A CN 102472189 A CN102472189 A CN 102472189A
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Prior art keywords
electromagnetic actuator
motivation
magnetic circuit
state
characteristic amount
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CN102472189B (en
Inventor
K.约斯
R.施吕特
J.诺伊贝格
H.克默
H.拉普
H.哈梅多维克
J.克尼希
A-T.黄
B.维歇特
W.菲舍尔
S.佐伊林
A.希尔申海因
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/24Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
    • F02D41/26Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using computer, e.g. microprocessor
    • F02D41/28Interface circuits
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F02D2041/2003Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils using means for creating a boost voltage, i.e. generation or use of a voltage higher than the battery voltage, e.g. to speed up injector opening
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F02D2041/202Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit
    • F02D2041/2031Control of the current by means of delays or monostable multivibrators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F02D2041/202Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit
    • F02D2041/2051Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit using voltage control
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F02D2041/202Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit
    • F02D2041/2058Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit using information of the actual current value
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00Magnets
    • H01F7/06Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/18Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
    • H01F7/1844Monitoring or fail-safe circuits

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for operating an electromagnetic actuator, in particular of a fuel injection valve of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, in which method the electromagnetic actuator is activated during an activation process in order to influence an operating state of the actuator. According to the invention, a state, which is present in particular at the start of the activation process, of a magnetic circuit (11) of the electromagnetic actuator is taken into consideration in the activation of the electromagnetic actuator.

Description

Be used to operate the method and the control apparatus of electromagnetic actuator
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of Fuelinjection nozzle of the internal-combustion engine that is used to operate electromagnetic actuator, especially Motor Vehicle, wherein electromagnetic actuator is energized during the process of motivation (Ansteuervorgang), so that influence the working state of final controlling element.
In addition, the invention still further relates to a kind of control apparatus that is used to carry out such operating method.
Background technique
The method that starts said type is known by DE 101 38 483 A1.In order to improve the precision when encouraging electromagnetic actuator, the pulse of electromagnetic actuator loading current was given in the known method setting before excitation, and sent the correction excitation from the measuring of endurance that characterizes current pulse.What realize thus is, to excitation endurance of a plurality of process of motivation with different power voltage be constant.
The shortcoming of known method is the requirement that current pulse separately must be set before electromagnetic actuator being carried out actual excitation.Especially obtained the restriction aspect the minimum interval of in succession the process of motivation thus.In addition, itself has not improved the electric flux demand of corresponding circuit with the relevant current pulse of excitation.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, task of the present invention is following method and the control apparatus that improves the said type of beginning: be given in the precision of the raising when encouraging electromagnetic actuator, and do not require the additional current pulse of the constituent element that is not the process of motivation.
This task is solving through following mode according to the present invention under the situation of the method for the said type of beginning: when the excitation electromagnetic actuator, consider (especially when the process of motivation begins, existing) state of the magnetic circuit of electromagnetic actuator.
Thus; Advantageously realized especially accurately encouraging electromagnetic actuator according to the present invention because influence electromagnetic actuator performance characteristic, for example can be considered and especially said residual field can be compensated the effect of in the future excitation by the residual field that causes in the preceding process of motivation.
Have recognized that according to the present invention: the magnetizing current of primary inductance that especially when the process of motivation begins, flows through the magnetic circuit of electromagnetic actuator influences the performance characteristic of electromagnetic actuator significantly.Thereby, in the preferred especially form of implementation of operations according to the instant invention method, advise, according to the magnetization characteristic amount that characterizes magnetizing current electromagnetic actuator is encouraged.
According to the present invention, the magnetization characteristic amount for example can be confirmed according to the time changing curve of the coil current of the magnetic coil (Magnetspule) of the electromagnetic actuator of flowing through.Especially, advantageously possibly confirm to begin and coil current reaches the time lag between moment of expected value that can be given in advance, and form the magnetization characteristic amount according to the determined time lag in the process of motivation.The characteristics of this flexible program of the present invention are that its complexity is low and allow to confirm the magnetization characteristic amount observed according to the present invention through simple time measurement.
According to the present invention, excitation endurance of the current process of motivation and/or encourage initial state and/or the magnetization characteristic amount can be given by in advance according to magnetic circuit.
What in another very favorable form of implementation according to the method for the invention, be provided with is to confirm the coil voltage in the moment that is limited before the process of motivation begins on magnetic coil, and form the magnetization characteristic amount according to determined magnitude of voltage.Can consider equally according to a plurality of formation magnetization characteristic amounts in the foregoing amount (coil current, the time lag, coil voltage).
What in another very favorable flexible program of operations according to the instant invention method, be provided with is to confirm the state of magnetic circuit according at least one energizing quantity of electromagnetic actuator based on model ground.
Through using the model of expression electromagnetic actuator, can be according to the special state of accurately confirming the magnetic circuit of electromagnetic actuator of at least one energizing quantity of electromagnetic actuator.Especially, under situation about using according to model of the present invention, not only can be when the corresponding process of motivation begins but also can confirm the state of the magnetic circuit of electromagnetic actuator in other operating times of electromagnetic actuator.
Under situation about using according to model of the present invention, can advantageous particularly ground confirm the state of magnetic circuit in the preceding process of motivation according to one or more, obtain the precision that is enhanced thus at the message context of the state of sign magnetic circuit.
Control apparatus according to claim 8 is illustrated as another solution of task of the present invention.
It is especially important the form of operations according to the instant invention method with computer program realized; This computer program can be stored on electronics or the optical storage medium, and this computer program can be implemented by control gear that for example is used for internal-combustion engine and/or controlling device.
Description of drawings
Other advantages, characteristic and details are obtained by description subsequently, in description subsequently, show various embodiment of the present invention with reference to accompanying drawing.At this, in claims and the characteristic of in specification, mentioning can be just itself respectively individually or reflect essence of the present invention with combination in any.
In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 schematically shows the Fuelinjection nozzle with operated electromagnetic actuator according to the present invention of the internal-combustion engine of Motor Vehicle,
Fig. 2 shows the simple equivalent circuit figure of the magnetic circuit of the electromagnetic actuator among Fig. 1,
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 show the time changing curve of the various workloads of electromagnetic actuator respectively, and
Fig. 5 shows the functional diagram of another form of implementation of operations according to the instant invention method.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 schematically shows the Fuelinjection nozzle 100 of the internal-combustion engine of Motor Vehicle.Fuelinjection nozzle 100 has electromagnetic actuator 10, and at least one of these electromagnetic actuator 10 driving fuel injection valves 100 sprayed so that cause fuel at this parts, for example needle of not drawing.Electromagnetic actuator 10 is through being energized with these electromagnetic actuator 10 relevant control apparatuss 20.Control apparatus 20 has computing unit with known mode own, for example has microcontroller or the DSP digital signal processor (DSP) that is suitable for implementing to represent computer program according to the method for the invention.
Fig. 2 shows the simple equivalent circuit figure of the magnetic circuit 11 of common electromagnetic actuator 10 (Fig. 1).
This equivalence circuit diagram has the resistance R _ c of the Ohmic resistance of the primary air of representing electromagnetic actuator 10.R_c is connected in series with main inductance L_h with this Ohmic resistance, and said main inductance L_h representes the inductance of the magnetic coil of electromagnetic actuator 10.
Be provided with series circuit with main inductance L_h, this series circuit has leakage inductance L_ σ and other Ohmic resistance R_w* parallelly connectedly.
This other Ohmic resistance R_w* is the eddy current resistance that is transformed into that side of magnetic coil of electromagnetic actuator 10.
When giving electromagnetic actuator 10 or pass through the magnetic circuit 11 loading energizing voltage u of electromagnetic actuator 10 realizations, obtain coil current i_c according to circuit topology described above.
Coil current i_c branches into magnetizing current i_m and eddy current i_w* like basis from appreciable Fig. 2 like the lower node rule between main inductance L_h and leakage inductance L_ σ:
i_c+i_w*=i_m。
Among the described in front electric current, only magnetizing current i_m is conclusive for the magnetic force that produces electromagnetic actuator 10, and this magnetic force is used to make the valve needle movements of Fuelinjection nozzle 100.Eddy current i_w* has contribution with known mode itself to the electrical loss power of electromagnetic actuator 10.
In a word, in according to the equivalent circuit diagram of Fig. 2, between primary current path I_1 and eddy current path I_w, can distinguish, wherein eddy current path I_w extends on leakage inductance L_ σ.
Fig. 3 shows described above through the time changing curve according to the electric current of the magnetic circuit of Fig. 2.
In this case, from the following working state of electromagnetic actuator 10: this working state is characterised in that when the process of motivation begins t_0, do not have the energy of field form to be stored among inductance L _ h, the L_ σ.This statement is identical with following content meaning: not only to have at moment t_0 be zero value for magnetizing current i_m but also eddy current i_w*, referring to Fig. 3.
When the excitation according to Fig. 3 begins t_0; Through control apparatus 20 (Fig. 1) the constant excitation voltage u (Fig. 2) that for example can be so-called booster voltage u=u_boost is applied on the terminal of electromagnetic actuator 10, having reached until coil current i_c can given in advance expected value I_boos.And then, energizing voltage u is adjusted to less value.
Under the situation of the described in front incentive mode of realizing through energizing voltage u, obtained the time changing curve of current i _ c, i_m, i_w*, as drawing among Fig. 3.
Yet, in case the value of the non-zero of magnetizing current i_m appears in (according to another possible operative scenario) when excitation beginning t_0, just obtain with the front with reference to the different change curve of scene that Fig. 3 set forth.
The magnetizing current i_m that non-zero when the beginning t_0 of excitation, occurs is for example caused by the following fact: finish in the short time before beginning t_0 in time in the preceding process of motivation, make the whole magnetic field of leakage inductance L_ σ not decay.
In this case, in eddy current path I_w, obtain the eddy current i_w* of non-zero and obtain corresponding (same non-zero) the magnetizing current i_m through main inductance L_h (Fig. 2), this magnetizing current i_m plays the effect that forms magnetic force.
In this case, electromagnetic actuator 10 can with the electric current change curve i_c1, i_m1, the i_w*1 that obtain drawing among Fig. 4 in the operative scenario that the operative scenario illustrated among Fig. 3 is compared.This means: when give at moment t_0 be in static electromagnetic actuator 10 load constant energizing voltage u until coil current i_c1 reach can be given in advance expected value I_boos the time, electric current change curve i_c1, i_m1, i_w*1 appear.And then, like the decay of the electric current that obtains relating to as described in.
As described in front, three first operative scenario of in Fig. 4, illustrating are characterised in that altogether, at moment t_0, do not have magnetizing current i_m1 to flow, i.e. i_m1=0.
Yet; As long as (and then another operative scenario) has the magnetizing current of non-zero to flow through main inductance L_h (Fig. 2) (with reference to electric current change curve i_m2) at the excitation t_0 zero hour, will confirm following check according to the applicant: < t_1 reaches can given in advance expected value I_boos compare more early moment t with coil current change curve i_c1 for corresponding coil current change curve i_c2.
The eddy current change curve i_w*2 that occurs is in this case illustrated in Fig. 4 equally.
According to another possible operative scenario, magnetizing current i_m3 also has than this also bigger value of situation in magnetizing current change curve i_m2 at the excitation t_0 zero hour.Reason to this for example can be the short especially time out between two process of motivation in succession of electromagnetic actuator 10, makes the excitation t_0 zero hour of the observed herein process of motivation also have many energy to be stored in the magnetic field of leakage inductance L_ σ.
In this operative scenario, coil current i_c3 correspondingly reaches therewith the earliest can given in advance expected value I_boos.
Corresponding eddy current change curve gets across through reference character i_w*3.
Arranged according to the present invention is; When excitation electromagnetic actuator 10, consider the state of the magnetic circuit 11 (Fig. 2) of electromagnetic actuator 10; Especially in following working state, also encourage electromagnetic actuator 10 to possible accuracy thus: in said working state; At the excitation t_0 zero hour, the magnetizing current i_m2 of non-zero, i_m3 (Fig. 4) are in leading.
Acquisition according to the invention reside in, is confirmed following magnetization characteristic amount about the simple especially and effective possibility of the information of the state of the magnetic circuit 11 of electromagnetic actuator 10: the flow through magnetizing current i_m of primary inductance L_h of the beginning t_0 that said magnetization characteristic amount is characterized in the process of motivation.The magnetization characteristic amount can advantageously directly be used to revise the excitation of electromagnetic actuator 10, i.e. energizing voltage u especially according to the present invention.For example; Generally speaking can revise the time changing curve of energizing voltage u according to the magnetization characteristic amount, make no matter magnetizing current i_m obtains the identical performance characteristic of electromagnetic actuator 10 all the time and for example obtains the identical emitted dose when Fuelinjection nozzle 100 (Fig. 1) is worked thus in the actual value of moment t_0.
Especially effectively, can confirm the magnetization characteristic amount according to the time changing curve of the coil current i_c of the magnetic coil of the electromagnetic actuator 10 of flowing through.
Especially simply, this can realize through following mode: confirm the time lag t_mess between the moment t_1 that the beginning t_0 and the coil current i_c1 of the process of motivation reach expected value I_mess that can be given in advance.The magnetization characteristic amount that is used to revise energizing quantity u can form according to determined time lag t_mess at last.Particularly advantageously be, select to equal the expected value I_mess of expected value I_boos, because have the so also mark t_1 constantly of afterbody of the boost phase of constant voltage u-boos.
Described in the moment of the expected value I_boos that reaches coil current i_c t_1 and the relation of magnetizing current i_m between the correlation of moment t_0 according to the front with reference to Fig. 4, obtain different time intervals t_mess to various operative scenario according to Fig. 4.For example, coil current i_c3 from excitation constantly t_0 reach the earliest can given in advance expected value I_boos because at the moment t_0 bigger magnetizing current i_m3 that flowed.Therewith correspondingly, for the 3rd operative scenario, obtain the minimum time lag.
According to the present invention; Can be by the time response described above of coil current i_c according to the state of magnetic circuit predetermined value and/or the predetermined value that begins of in the future the excitation of excitation for example of the excitation endurance of the given current process of motivation in advance, wherein coil current i_c for example can be to be detected through surveying with known mode itself by control apparatus 20 (Fig. 1).
When the excitation beginning, confirm that another advantageous method of the state of magnetic circuit is when being about to apply booster voltage, to confirm voltage u.When coil current was i_c=0 before the excitation beginning, this moved especially well so.In this case, be suitable for i_m=i_w* according to Kirchhoff's law.But draw immediately thus, be suitable for:
Figure 201080037489X100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
So, be suitable for for voltage u:
Figure 43957DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
U is therefore proportional with i_m.
In another very favorable form of implementation of operations according to the instant invention method, the state of magnetic circuit 11 is determined based on model ground at least one energizing quantity according to electromagnetic actuator 10.
For this reason, can use the model of in Fig. 5, drawing 200, this model 200 is for example implemented through the corresponding computer program in the computing unit of control apparatus 20 (Fig. 1).
According to the present invention, input quantity E1, E2 are transferred to model 200.Input quantity E1, E2 can for example be last fuel spray be present in the parameter in the control apparatus 20.In addition, input quantity E1, E2 also can comprise the desired characteristic of post-injection.
Model 200 according to the present invention has been confirmed the parameter of excitation injection subsequently thus, and said parameter can for example be the time changing curve of energizing voltage u (Fig. 2).According to model 200 of the present invention can through provide electromagnetic actuator 10 pass through the detected running parameter of surveying at its duration of work by adaptive, said running parameter in Fig. 5 through reference character M symbolically.Thus, can be complementary with specific Fuelinjection nozzle 100 (Fig. 1) individually according to model 200 of the present invention.
Through the detected amount M of surveying for example can be energizing voltage u, exciting current I; Can confirm other amounts according to these energizing voltages u, exciting current I; For example open the duration flight (Flugdauer) of the moving element of the moment and/or closing moment and/or Fuelinjection nozzle 100, wherein said moving element is accomplished ballistic trajectory during the excitation of Fuelinjection nozzle.
Model 200 according to the present invention is formed for encouraging the output quantity A of electromagnetic actuator 10 according to the input quantity E1, E2, the M that flow to this model 200, and said output quantity A for example can be the time changing curve of energizing voltage u.
Through realizing especially accurately encouraging electromagnetic actuator 10 to consideration at the magnetizing current of the beginning t_0 of the process of motivation according to of the present invention.For example, can advantageously realize the excitation of electromagnetic actuator 10 thus, wherein in extremely rapid succession carry out the various process of motivation.Time out between the adjacent process of motivation is little of making the magnetic field of leakage inductance L_ σ not eliminate fully again at this, and the process of motivation until subsequently begins.Therewith correspondingly, obtain the magnetizing current of non-zero at moment t_0, the magnetizing current of this non-zero is advantageously paid attention to when forming the energizing quantity of the process of motivation subsequently according to the present invention.

Claims (11)

1. the method for the Fuelinjection nozzle (100) of an internal-combustion engine that is used to operate electromagnetic actuator (10), especially Motor Vehicle; Wherein electromagnetic actuator (10) is energized during the process of motivation; So that influence the working state of final controlling element (10); It is characterized in that the state that especially when the process of motivation begins, exists of the magnetic circuit (11) of electromagnetic actuator (10) is paid attention to when excitation electromagnetic actuator (10).
2. method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Encourage the magnetizing current (i_m) of the primary inductance (L_h) of the magnetic circuit (11) of electromagnetic actuator (10) of flowing through when said magnetization characteristic amount is characterized in the beginning (t_0) of the process of motivation according to the magnetization characteristic amount.
3. method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, confirms the magnetization characteristic amount according to the time changing curve of the coil current (i_c) of the magnetic coil of the electromagnetic actuator of flowing through (10).
4. method according to claim 3; It is characterized in that; Confirm the time lag (t_mess) between moment (t_1) that beginning (t_0) and coil current (i_c) in the process of motivation reach expected value (I_mess) that can be given in advance, and form the magnetization characteristic amount according to the determined time lag (t_mess).
5. method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the magnetization characteristic amount forms according to the coil voltage that exists in the moment with the time lag that is limited before beginning to encourage.
6. one of require described method according to aforesaid right, it is characterized in that, according to the state of magnetic circuit (11) and/or magnetization characteristic amount in advance the given current process of motivation the excitation endurance and/or encourage initial.
7. according to one of aforesaid right requirement described method, it is characterized in that the state of magnetic circuit (11) is determined based on model ground at least one energizing quantity according to electromagnetic actuator (10).
8. method according to claim 7 is characterized in that, the state of magnetic circuit (11) when the process of motivation in the future begins is determined in the preceding process of motivation according to one or more.
9. the control apparatus (20) of the Fuelinjection nozzle (100) of an internal-combustion engine that is used to operate electromagnetic actuator (10), especially Motor Vehicle; Wherein electromagnetic actuator (10) can be energized during the process of motivation; So that influence the working state of final controlling element (10); It is characterized in that the state that especially when the process of motivation begins, exists of the magnetic circuit (11) of electromagnetic actuator (10) is paid attention to when excitation electromagnetic actuator (10).
10. computer program; It has program code devices, with convenient computer program on computer or the corresponding computing unit, especially in control apparatus according to claim 9 (20), carry out when implementing in steps according to the institute of the described method of one of claim 1 to 8.
11. computer program; It has program code devices; Said program code devices is stored on the computer-readable data medium, with convenient computer program on computer or the corresponding computing unit, especially in control apparatus according to claim 9 (20), carry out when implementing in steps according to the institute of the described method of one of claim 1 to 8.
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