CN102470632B - 风轮机复合结构 - Google Patents

风轮机复合结构 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN102470632B
CN102470632B CN201080024773.3A CN201080024773A CN102470632B CN 102470632 B CN102470632 B CN 102470632B CN 201080024773 A CN201080024773 A CN 201080024773A CN 102470632 B CN102470632 B CN 102470632B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
wind turbine
composite structure
layer
core
endosexine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN201080024773.3A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN102470632A (zh
Inventor
S·阿普利顿
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vestas Wind Systems AS
Original Assignee
Vestas Wind Systems AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vestas Wind Systems AS filed Critical Vestas Wind Systems AS
Publication of CN102470632A publication Critical patent/CN102470632A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN102470632B publication Critical patent/CN102470632B/zh
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
    • B32B27/20—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/44—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/065—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of foam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/14—Printing or colouring
    • B32B38/145—Printing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/245—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it being a foam layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/28—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer impregnated with or embedded in a plastic substance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D1/0675—Rotors characterised by their construction elements of the blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H3/00—Camouflage, i.e. means or methods for concealment or disguise
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/08—Blades for rotors, stators, fans, turbines or the like, e.g. screw propellers
    • B29L2031/082—Blades, e.g. for helicopters
    • B29L2031/085—Wind turbine blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/40—Symmetrical or sandwich layers, e.g. ABA, ABCBA, ABCCBA
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/10—Coating on the layer surface on synthetic resin layer or on natural or synthetic rubber layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/20—Inorganic coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
    • B32B2260/021—Fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B2260/023—Two or more layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/04—Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/046—Synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2603/00—Vanes, blades, propellers, rotors with blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/99—Radar absorption
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2280/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05B2280/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
    • F05B2280/6003—Composites; e.g. fibre-reinforced
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
    • F05D2300/603—Composites; e.g. fibre-reinforced
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于吸收射频能量的风轮机复合结构，所述风轮机复合结构包括：夹层板构造，所述夹层板构造包括布置在内表层和外表层之间的芯，所述芯具有内表面和外表面，所述外表面和所述外表层面向所述风轮机复合结构的外表面，所述内表面和所述内表层面向所述风轮机复合结构的内部；反射体层，所述反射体层被布置成邻近于所述内表层；以及功能层，所述功能层包括印制或沉积电路，所述功能层与所述反射体层结合而形成雷达吸收电路，其中所述功能层被直接印制或沉积在所述芯的所述外表面上。

Description

风轮机复合结构
本发明涉及在制造风轮机叶片中使用的芯材。具体地，本发明涉及用于风轮机中的夹层板构造并且雷达吸收材料结合到这种夹层板中。
风轮机叶片通常由增强复合材料构造而成。典型的叶片由两个壳体制成，这两个壳体随后被结合而形成空气动力学构形。这样的壳体在特定的位置包括夹层板区域，该夹层板区域具有由诸如泡沫或轻木之类的轻质材料形成的芯。
已知的是，当风轮机被雷达探测到时可能引起问题。具体地，这是因为风轮机的旋转叶片具有与航空器的雷达信号类似的雷达信号。这会引起空中交通管制者和其它雷达操作者难以区分航空器和风轮机的问题。
本发明的目的在于减少风轮机的雷达信号，使得雷达信号能够与雷达屏幕上的航空器容易地区分开，这还将在雷达操作者的屏幕上产生较少的杂波。
本发明的目的还在于提供一种能够容易且高效地制造的结构。
根据本发明的第一方面，提供一种用于吸收射频能量的风轮机复合结构，所述风轮机复合结构包括：
夹层板构造，所述夹层板构造包括布置在内表层和外表层之间的芯，所述芯具有内表面和外表面；所述外表面和所述外表层面向所述风轮机复合结构的外表面，所述内表面和所述内表层面向所述风轮机复合结构的内部；
反射体层，所述反射体层被布置成邻近于所述内表层；以及
功能层，所述功能层包括印制或沉积电路，所述功能层与所述反射体层结合而形成雷达吸收电路；并且
所述功能层被直接印制或沉积在所述芯的所述外表面上。
通过将功能层直接设置在所述芯的所述外表面上而不是设置在诸如玻璃布的单独衬底上是有利的，因为在制造复合结构时不需要附加材料。这消除了在附加材料被结合到复合结构中时会出现的任何重量后果并且免除制备附加材料的需要。
优选地，所述功能层是电路模拟层。电路模拟层包括诸如单极、双极、环、小块(patch)或其它几何形状的元件阵列。元件由具有受控的高频阻力的材料制成。元件材料和阵列元件的几何形状被设计成使得功能层呈现所选择的高频阻抗谱。阻抗谱被选择使得功能层和反射体层形成复合结构中的雷达吸收电路。针对不同的复合结构(例如，具有不同的芯厚度)，需要不同的阻抗谱。
电路模拟层可通过丝网印刷被直接印制在芯的外表面上。电路模拟层可由碳墨形成，所述碳墨能够通过常规方法中的丝网印刷被印制。
反射体层可包括碳素纸层。
反射体层可包括频率选择表面。所述频率选择表面可包括被印制或沉积在衬底上的电路模拟层。构成反射体层的电路模拟层将具有与功能层互补的特性，使得结合的两个层用作仅在所需频率下的雷达吸收材料。基于具体设计，在其他频率下的辐射被反射或者被允许透过频率选择反射体。
优选地，内表层和外表层由至少一层纤维和树脂复合基质制成。
可提供一种具有如上所述的复合结构的风轮机叶片。
可提供一种具有如上所述的复合结构的风轮机机舱。
根据本发明的第二方面，提供一种制造用于吸收射频能量的风轮机复合结构的方法，所述方法包括：
组装夹层板构造，所述夹层板构造包括布置在内表层和外表层之间的芯，所述芯具有内表面和外表面；所述外表面和所述外表层面向所述风轮机复合结构的外表面，所述内表面和所述内表层面向所述风轮机复合结构的内部；
设置反射体层，所述反射体层被布置成邻近于所述内表层；
设置功能层，所述功能层包括印制或沉积电路，所述功能层与所述反射体层结合而形成雷达吸收电路，其中，所述功能层被直接印制或沉积在所述芯的所述外表面上。
将参考下列附图来描述本发明的实施例，在附图中：
图1示出了风轮机转子叶片的剖面。
图2示出了根据本发明的夹层板构造。
图3示出了根据本发明的位于模中的夹层板构造的剖面。
图4a和4b示出了根据本发明的芯构造。
图1示出了典型风轮机转子叶片10的剖面。转子叶片10按照本领域已公知的方式由两个空气动力学壳体(即，上壳体11和下壳体12)构成，所述空气动力学壳体由玻璃纤维布和树脂复合材料形成。壳体11和12被由玻璃纤维和碳纤维形成的管状结构翼梁13支承。
翼梁13形成转子叶片10的主要加强结构。在每个壳体11和12的朝向转子叶片的后缘的后部处，壳体形成有夹层构造，即结合在玻璃纤维片材15和16之间的泡沫芯14。泡沫芯14用于分离玻璃纤维层15和16，以保持壳体在该区域中是坚硬的。
图2a以分解图示出了在转子叶片10的后部的夹层板构造的一部分。该夹层板构造包括芯14，该芯14具有内表面20和外表面21。芯14被布置在玻璃纤维复合材料的内表层16与玻璃纤维复合材料的外表层15之间。外表面12和外表层15面向转子叶片10的外表面，内表面20和内表层16面向转子叶片10的内部。
在该实施例中，芯14是开孔结构的泡沫芯。然而，可使用其他合适材料，例如闭孔结构的泡沫、复合泡沫或轻木。
反射体层22被布置成邻近于内表层16，即位于内表层16与芯14之间。然而，反射体层22可被设置在内表层16的内表面上。在该实施例中，反射体层22是碳布层，其用作雷达的背反射体，该反射体层22有时还被称为地平面。
电路模拟层23被设置在芯14的外表面21上。电路模拟层是包括印制电路或沉积电路的功能层，其与反射体层22结合而形成雷达吸收电路。电路模拟层23包括被直接印制到芯14的外表面21上的碳墨电路。当雷达波入射到转子叶片10上时，电路模拟层23和反射体层22结合起作用以吸收雷达波，使得雷达波不被反射回到雷达源。
图2示出了夹层板的一部分的分解图。通过使用合适的粘合剂或树脂将外表层15、内表层16、芯14以及反射体层都结合到一起。
将电路模拟层23直接设置在芯14上是指，不必提供供设置电路模拟层23的单独的衬底。因此，不必提供在其上印制电路模拟图案的诸如平纹玻璃布的衬底。
因此，该结构是有利的，因为在芯14与外表层15之间不需要设置单独的材料层。这使得材料成本降低、制造时间减少以及减轻了重量，因为不存在附加材料层。
参考图3，将按照下列方式来构造图2中所示的夹层板构造。首先，将外表面层15铺设在模30中，该模30被涂覆有凝胶涂层。接着，将在其表面上已印制有电路模拟层23的芯14放置在外表面层15上。接着，将反射体层22和内表层16放置在芯14的表面20上。在该构造上放置渗色织物(bleedfabric)和真空袋或真空膜32，并且当向该结构施加真空时外表面层15和内表面层16由于在芯14上有意地制造的任何狭缝和孔而浸渍有诸如可固化环氧树脂的基质材料以使得外表面层15和内表面层16结合到一起，并且该结构在真空和被加热的情况下被固化。
一旦完成固化过程，则从模30释放所形成的涂覆凝胶的复合夹层结构。固化的凝胶涂层31在复合夹层结构的外表面上提供高质量且十分耐用的防紫外线及防水解涂层，该凝胶涂层31还可被喷涂以进一步增强耐用性以及实现所需的视觉特性。
在电路模拟层23的设计中必须考虑电路模拟层23和反射体层22之间的分离，同样必须考虑基质材料以及外层15和内层16的厚度和特性。在该实施例中，由芯14的厚度来确定电路模拟层23和反射体层22之间的相对间距，芯14在该复合结构中分离电路模拟层23和反射体层22。对于电路模拟层23的给定设计，通过确保芯14在复合夹层结构上具有大致均匀的厚度来实现一致的雷达吸收性能。由于强度原因，风轮机转子叶片10在转子叶片中的不同位置处需要用于夹层构造的不同芯厚度。例如，参考图1，可以看出芯14朝向转子叶片10的后缘比朝向翼梁13更厚。芯的每个不同厚度将需要具有不同特性的电路模拟层23。然而，由于电路模拟层23被直接印制在芯14上，这意味着对于芯层14的每个厚度，该芯厚度具有对于该芯厚度而言具有正确特性的相关电路模拟层23。
因此，当制造具有多个芯厚度的风轮机转子叶片10时，当芯部分被放置在模中时应确保芯厚度具有正确的电路模拟层；因为每个不同的芯部分在其上将预先印制有电路模拟层。这避免在制造过程中的任何误差，在其上具有电路模拟层的单独衬底必须与每个不同的芯层厚度匹配时可能发生这种制造过程中的误差。结果是，减少了制造误差并且降低了制造复合结构所花费的时间。
如图4a中的实施例所示，芯14设置有若干个平行的狭缝35。这些狭缝35便于铺覆芯14，使得芯14可以与叶片壳的曲率保持一致，如图4b所示。叶片的不同区域具有不同的曲率，因此，芯14可能需要在叶片的不同区域中铺覆至不同的程度。反射体层22将顺应芯14的曲率。电路模拟层23被设置在芯14的与狭缝35相反的表面上。
在该实施例中，电路模拟吸收体通过丝网印刷被直接印制在芯14的外表面21上。然而，电路模拟吸收体可通过任何其他合适方法被印制或沉积到芯上。
如早前所述，反射体层22由碳布形成。但是在另一实施例中，反射体层22可包括频率选择表面，所述频率选择表面是印制或沉积在衬底上的电路模拟层。这种衬底可以是平纹玻璃布。如果考虑到被用于帮助围绕曲率铺覆芯14的芯14中的狭缝35的几何形状，则形成反射体层22的频率选择层还可被直接印制到芯14的内表面20上。
如上所述，复合结构形成风轮机转子叶片10的一部分。然而，本发明还能够被用在风轮机上的使用夹层板构造的任何其他部位处。例如，其他部位可以是在构造中使用夹层板的风轮机机舱。

Claims (10)

1.一种风轮机复合结构，所述风轮机复合结构用于吸收射频能量，所述风轮机复合结构包括：
夹层板构造，所述夹层板构造包括布置在内表层和外表层之间的由开孔结构的泡沫、闭孔结构的泡沫、复合泡沫或轻木制成的芯，所述芯具有内表面和外表面；所述外表面和所述外表层面向所述风轮机复合结构的外表面，所述内表面和所述内表层面向所述风轮机复合结构的内部；
反射体层，所述反射体层被布置成邻近于所述内表层；以及
功能层，所述功能层包括印制电路或沉积电路，所述功能层与所述反射体层结合而形成雷达吸收电路；其中
所述功能层被直接印制或沉积在所述芯的所述外表面上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的风轮机复合结构，其中，所述功能层是电路模拟层。
3.根据权利要求2所述的风轮机复合结构，其中，所述电路模拟层通过丝网印刷被直接印制到所述芯的所述外表面上。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的风轮机复合结构，其中，所述反射体层包括碳素纸层。
5.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的风轮机复合结构，其中，所述反射体层包括频率选择表面。
6.根据权利要求5所述的风轮机复合结构，其中，所述频率选择表面包括被印制或沉积在衬底上的电路模拟层。
7.根据权利要求1所述的风轮机复合结构，其中，所述内表层和外表层由至少一层纤维和树脂复合基质制成。
8.一种风轮机叶片，所述风轮机叶片包括根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的风轮机复合结构。
9.一种风轮机机舱，所述风轮机机舱包括根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的风轮机复合结构。
10.一种制造用于吸收射频能量的风轮机复合结构的方法，所述方法包括：
组装夹层板构造，所述夹层板构造包括布置在内表层和外表层之间的由开孔结构的泡沫、闭孔结构的泡沫、复合泡沫或轻木制成的芯，所述芯具有内表面和外表面；所述外表面和所述外表层面向所述风轮机复合结构的外表面，所述内表面和所述内表层面向所述风轮机复合结构的内部；
设置反射体层，所述反射体层被布置成邻近于所述内表层；
设置功能层，所述功能层包括印制或沉积电路，所述功能层与所述反射体层结合而形成雷达吸收电路，其中，所述功能层被直接印制或沉积在所述芯的所述外表面上。
CN201080024773.3A 2009-08-27 2010-08-27 风轮机复合结构 Expired - Fee Related CN102470632B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0914960.0A GB2473020B (en) 2009-08-27 2009-08-27 Wind turbine composite structures
GB0914960.0 2009-08-27
PCT/GB2010/051424 WO2011024009A1 (en) 2009-08-27 2010-08-27 Wind turbine composite structures

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN102470632A CN102470632A (zh) 2012-05-23
CN102470632B true CN102470632B (zh) 2016-01-20

Family

ID=41171994

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201080024773.3A Expired - Fee Related CN102470632B (zh) 2009-08-27 2010-08-27 风轮机复合结构

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US9194365B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP2470364B1 (zh)
KR (1) KR101339343B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN102470632B (zh)
BR (1) BRPI1009733A2 (zh)
CA (1) CA2763174C (zh)
DK (1) DK2470364T3 (zh)
GB (1) GB2473020B (zh)
WO (1) WO2011024009A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB0919198D0 (en) 2009-11-02 2009-12-16 Qinetiq Ltd Wind turbine blades
GB2484942A (en) 2010-10-26 2012-05-02 Vestas Wind Sys As Flexible ground plane and core structure for an RF signal absorbing arrangement
DE102010053369A1 (de) * 2010-12-03 2012-02-16 Eads Deutschland Gmbh Rotorblatt für eine Windenergieanlage, sowie Kombination einer Radarstation und einer Windenergieanlage
US20130017096A1 (en) * 2011-07-13 2013-01-17 Charles Holley Reducing radar interference from wind turbines
KR101318381B1 (ko) 2012-01-10 2013-10-15 한국기계연구원 전자기파 흡수 풍력 터빈 블레이드
US9033671B2 (en) * 2012-01-11 2015-05-19 General Electric Company Wind turbines and wind turbine rotor blades with reduced radar cross sections
US9033672B2 (en) * 2012-01-11 2015-05-19 General Electric Company Wind turbines and wind turbine rotor blades with reduced radar cross sections
US9140234B2 (en) * 2012-01-11 2015-09-22 General Electric Company Wind turbine rotor blades with reduced radar cross sections
US20130216388A1 (en) * 2012-02-20 2013-08-22 General Electric Company Box-shaped shear web for wind turbine blades and method of making
WO2014043507A1 (en) * 2012-09-13 2014-03-20 Martin Epstein Vertical axis wind turbine with cambered airfoil blades
PL2934864T3 (pl) * 2012-12-18 2018-08-31 Lm Wind Power International Technology Ii Aps Sposób wytwarzania aerodynamicznej części skorupowej dla łopaty turbiny wiatrowej
CN103660286B (zh) * 2013-11-25 2016-08-24 王瑛玮 一种复合材料制备方法
US9541061B2 (en) 2014-03-04 2017-01-10 Siemens Energy, Inc. Wind turbine blade with viscoelastic damping
EP2927481B1 (en) * 2014-03-31 2021-09-22 Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S Rotor blade for a wind turbine
US10077758B2 (en) * 2015-06-30 2018-09-18 General Electric Company Corrugated pre-cured laminate plates for use within wind turbine rotor blades
ES2613578B1 (es) * 2015-11-24 2018-03-12 Gamesa Innovation & Technology, S.L. Pala de aerogenerador que comprende un sistema pararrayos equipada con material absorbente de radar
US11248582B2 (en) * 2017-11-21 2022-02-15 General Electric Company Multiple material combinations for printed reinforcement structures of rotor blades
EA201800485A1 (ru) * 2018-08-14 2019-08-30 Научно-Производственное Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Окб Тсп" Универсальное теплорадиопоглощающее покрытие
US11728570B2 (en) * 2019-03-15 2023-08-15 Teledyne Flir Surveillance, Inc. Electromagnetic bandgap isolation systems and methods
CN110065245A (zh) * 2019-05-06 2019-07-30 衡阳泰豪通信车辆有限公司 一种具备隐身功能的一体化成型舱结构及其成型方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5474837A (en) * 1994-01-21 1995-12-12 The United States Government As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Laminated paper glass camouflage
CN1788155A (zh) * 2003-03-18 2006-06-14 可换部件轻便涡轮有限公司 风轮机
CN1940402A (zh) * 2005-09-29 2007-04-04 项敏 一种自动转换收集太阳能与风能的方法及装置

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5627541A (en) * 1968-07-08 1997-05-06 Rockwell International Corporation Interference type radiation attenuator
US5576710A (en) * 1986-11-25 1996-11-19 Chomerics, Inc. Electromagnetic energy absorber
GB9115970D0 (en) * 1991-07-24 1999-08-11 Secr Defence Brit Frequency selective radar absorbent structure
US6538596B1 (en) * 2000-05-02 2003-03-25 Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration Inc. Thin, broadband salisbury screen absorber
BRPI0519889B1 (pt) * 2005-02-03 2019-09-10 Vestas Wind Sys As método de fabricação de um elemento de invólucro de pá de turbina eólica, método de fabricação de uma pá de turbina eólica, pá de turbina eólica, elemento de invólucro de pá de turbina eólica, uso de um método, e subconjunto

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5474837A (en) * 1994-01-21 1995-12-12 The United States Government As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Laminated paper glass camouflage
CN1788155A (zh) * 2003-03-18 2006-06-14 可换部件轻便涡轮有限公司 风轮机
CN1940402A (zh) * 2005-09-29 2007-04-04 项敏 一种自动转换收集太阳能与风能的方法及装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK2470364T3 (en) 2017-12-18
KR20120017063A (ko) 2012-02-27
BRPI1009733A2 (pt) 2016-03-15
US20120141291A1 (en) 2012-06-07
US9194365B2 (en) 2015-11-24
WO2011024009A1 (en) 2011-03-03
EP2470364A1 (en) 2012-07-04
KR101339343B1 (ko) 2013-12-09
GB2473020A (en) 2011-03-02
CA2763174C (en) 2013-12-17
CN102470632A (zh) 2012-05-23
GB0914960D0 (en) 2009-09-30
EP2470364B1 (en) 2017-11-08
GB2473020B (en) 2012-02-01
CA2763174A1 (en) 2011-03-03

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN102470632B (zh) 风轮机复合结构
JP6804861B2 (ja) 形状適合型複合アンテナアセンブリ
DK2496832T3 (en) Wind turbine blades
DK2576217T3 (en) Improvements related to wind turbines
EP2633187B1 (en) Wind turbine component comprising radar -absorbing material and method of manufacturing same
CA2458109A1 (en) End-fire cavity slot antenna array structure and method of forming
GB2526795A (en) Wind turbines incorporating radar absorbing material
WO2013190288A1 (en) A wind turbine component
US8089422B2 (en) Reflector
US10355366B2 (en) Microwave absorbing composite for turbine blade applications

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
C14 Grant of patent or utility model
GR01 Patent grant
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee

Granted publication date: 20160120

CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee