GB2526795A - Wind turbines incorporating radar absorbing material - Google Patents
Wind turbines incorporating radar absorbing material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2526795A GB2526795A GB1409756.2A GB201409756A GB2526795A GB 2526795 A GB2526795 A GB 2526795A GB 201409756 A GB201409756 A GB 201409756A GB 2526795 A GB2526795 A GB 2526795A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- wind turbine
- layer
- radar
- turbine blade
- shell
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 101
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920002430 Fibre-reinforced plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011151 fibre-reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011208 reinforced composite material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 240000007182 Ochroma pyramidale Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003562 lightweight material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D1/06—Rotors
- F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
- F03D1/0675—Rotors characterised by their construction elements of the blades
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Abstract
A wind turbine blade 100 comprising a shell 108 defining a hollow interior, where a reinforcing spar structure extends longitudinally and comprises a spar cap 106 connected to or integrated with the shell. Radar-absorbing material is incorporated within the blade, where the radar-absorbing material includes an impedance layer 118 located near an exterior surface of the shell and a radar-reflecting surface inboard of and spaced apart from the impedance layer. The impedance layer and the radar-reflecting surface together form a radar absorber. In spar cap regions of the blade, the radar-reflecting surface is formed by the spar cap. A dielectric component 120 in the form of a glass-fibre pultrusion may be provided between the spar cap and the impedance layer. A method of making a wind turbine blade is also claimed.
Description
Wind turbines incorQoratincl radar absorbing material
Technical field
The present invention relates to the incorporation of radar-absorbing material into wind turbine blades.
Background
Modern utility-scale wind turbines have very large blades, which are typically made from composite materials such as glass-fibre reinforced plastic (GFRP). As the blades rotate, they tend to reflect radar signals. The moving blades have a radar signature similar to that of aircraft, and this can make it difficult for air traffic control and other radar operators to distinguish between aircraft and wind turbines.
To mitigate this problem, it is known to incorporate radar-absorbing material (RAM) within the composite structure of the blades. Incorporating RAM in wind turbine blades reduces the radar cross-section of the blades, which makes it easier for radar operators to distinguish between wind turbines and aircraft. It also results in reduced levels of unwanted events (i.e. clutter') appearing on the screen of the radar operator.
A typical wind turbine blade is fabricated in two half shells, which are subsequently united to form a single hollow shell. The half shells include at particular locations sandwich panel regions having a core of lightweight material such as foam or balsa wood.
By way of background, Figure 1 shows a cross section of a known wind turbine blade 30.
The blade 10 is constructed from two aerodynamic half shells, an upper half shell, and a lower half shell. Each half shell is a composite structure comprising inner 35 and outer 34 laminate layers of GFRP. Certain regions 40 of the blade 30 are of sandwich panel construction and comprise a foam core layer 16 between the inner and outer GFRP layers 35, 34 -commonly referred to as skins'.
In this wind turbine blade 30, spar caps 32 are integrally formed with the shell 33, i.e. the shell 33 and the spar caps 32 are a unitary structure. The spar caps 32 each comprise a stack of pultruded strips 36 of CFRP (carbon-fibre reinforced plastic) arranged between these layers. The spar caps are located in spar cap regions' 38 of the blade 30, and these regions 38 are between sandwich-panel regions 40 of the blade 30. A pair of shear webs 42a, 42b are bonded respectively between the opposed spar cap regions 36. This type of wind turbine blade is known as a structural shell' blade, and is described in further detail in W0201 3087078.
It is known to incorporate radar-absorbing material in sandwich panel regions of a wind turbine blade. For example W0201 0122351 describes a circuit-analogue impedance layer and a radar-reflector layer embedded within the composite structure of the blade to form a circuit analogue (CA) absorber. The skilled person will be familiar with circuit analogue absorbers and their incorporation in wind turbine blades, and the reader is referred to the aforementioned application for further details in this respect.
Referring now to Figure 2, which is an enlarged view of a sandwich panel region 40 of the blade 30 in Figures 1, an impedance layer 50 comprises a patterned layer of conductive material, such as carbon-loaded ink, which is applied to a glass-fibre fabric layer. This fabric layer is subsequently incorporated in the outer laminate layer 34 (the outer skin) of the during the lay-up process resulting in an embedded impedance layer 50. A layer of carbon tissue 52 is also embedded between inner 54 and outer 56 foam layers of the sandwich panel core 16. The outer layer of foam 56 serves as a dielectric layer between the impedance layer 50 and the reflector layer 52.
The separation between the impedance layer 50 and the reflector layer 52 is a key parameter for radar absorption performance, and must be carefully controlled to achieve a blade having the desired absorption properties. In basic terms, the impedance layer 50 should be spaced approximately a quarter wavelength from the reflector layer 52 to form an effective absorber, although the precise separation required depends upon other factors such as the CA design and the dielectric properties of the materials comprising the absorbing structure. In this example, the separation between the impedance layer 50 and the reflector layer 52 is governed by the thickness of the outer core layer 56, which can be selected to achieve optimal absorption performance.
Certain regions of the blade are not of sandwich panel construction and do not include a foam core 16. For example, in Figure 1, the shell does not include a foam core in the spar cap regions 38 where the spar caps 32 are integrated with the shell. Accordingly, it is not possible to incorporate a radar reflector layer in these regions in the same way as in the sandwich panel regions.
Against this background, the present invention aims to provide a solution for incorporating radar-absorbing material in spar cap regions of a wind turbine blade.
Summary of the invention
According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a wind turbine blade comprising: a shell defining a substantially hollow interior; a reinforcing spar structure extending longitudinally, the spar structure comprising a spar cap integrated with the shell; and radar-absorbing material comprising an impedance layer located near an exterior surface of the shell and a radar-reflecting surface inboard of and spaced apart from the impedance layer, the impedance layer and the radar-reflecting surface together forming a radar absorber; wherein the radar-reflecting surface is formed at least in part by the spar cap.
In preferred embodiments of the invention, the spar cap is made from a carbon-based material. Carbon reflects radar signals and therefore the carbon spar cap makes a suitable reflecting surface for the radar absorber. The spar cap may comprise a thick CFRP panel or a stack of pultruded strips of CFRP.
Preferably the radar absorber is a circuit analogue absorber and the impedance layer is a circuit-analogue layer comprising a patterned layer of conductive material. The impedance layer is preferably applied to a layer of glass-fibre fabric. In other embodiments of the present invention, the radar absorber may be a Salisbury Screen, Jaumann or other type of radar-absorbing structure. For example, less sophisticated variants of the invention are envisaged in which the circuit-analogue layer is replaced with resistive sheets.
Preferably, regions of the shell are of sandwich panel construction and include a lightweight core layer disposed between inner and outer laminate layers. The inner laminate layer is hence located adjacent to the hollow interior of the blade and the outer laminate layer defines an external surface of the blade. The lightweight core may be formed of foam, balsa or other suitable material. A carbon tissue layer is preferably embedded within the core in the sandwich panel regions. The carbon tissue layer forms the radar reflecting surface in these regions.
The spar cap regions of the blade generally are not of sandwich panel construction but may be located between sandwich panel regions of the blade.
In an embodiment of the invention, the spar cap is integrally formed with the shell such that the spar cap is located between inner and outer laminate layers of the shell. This is the structural shell' construction described above by way of background with reference to Figure 1, in which the spar cap and the outer shell are a unitary structure.
The carbon pultrusions in structural shell blades are located close to the outer surface of the blade. There may therefore be insufficient separation between the carbon pultrusions and the impedance layer to form an effective absorber. In accordance with the present invention, a dielectric component may be arranged between the spar cap and the impedance layer in a structural shell blade to increase the separation between the impedance layer and the reflecting surface and to provide the necessary dielectric intermediate component of the radar absorber. The dielectric component is effectively arranged between the spar cap and the outer laminate layer of the shell.
The dielectric component may be a pultruded strip of dielectric material. Preferably the dielectric component comprises glass-fibre reinforced plastic, and more preferably the dielectric component is a GFRP pultruded strip. The strip is preferably of a similar width and length to the CFRP pultrusions comprising the spar cap so that it may be easily incorporated in the laminate layup of the shell.
The inventive concept includes a wind turbine comprising a blade as described above, and a wind farm comprising a plurality of such wind turbines.
According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of making a wind turbine blade, the method comprising: a. arranging a plurality of fibrous fabric layers in a mould to form an outer laminate layer of the blade, at least one of said layers forming an impedance layer; b. placing an elongate dielectric component on the fibrous fabric layers; c. placing one or more reinforcing strips of carbon-containing material on top of the elongate dielectric component, the carbon strips serving as a radar-reflecting surface; d. arranging one or more fibrous fabric layers over the reinforcing strips to form an inner laminate layer of the blade; and e. integrating the components to form the wind turbine blade, wherein the impedance layer, reflecting surface and dielectric component together form a radar-absorbing structure.
The elongate dielectric component is preferably a pultruded strip of glass-fibre reinforced plastic. The one or more reinforcing strips are preferably pultruded strips of carbon-fibre reinforced plastic. It will be appreciated that other optional features described above in relation to the first aspect of the invention are equally applicable to the second aspect of the invention although these features are not repeated herein in order to avoid repetition.
Brief descriQtion of the drawincis
Figures 1 and 2 have already been described above by way of background to the present invention, in which: Figure 1 is a cross-section through a known wind turbine blade having a structural shell construction in which the spar caps are integrated within the shell; and Figure 2 is an enlarged schematic view of a sandwich panel region of the first and second blades showing radar-absorbing material embedded within the sandwich panel.
Examples of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the following figure, in which: Figure 3 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention in which radar-absorbing material is incorporated within a spar cap region of a wind turbine blade of similar construction to the blade shown in Figure 1.
Detailed descrirjtion The invention will now be described with reference to Figure 3, which is a cross-section through a spar cap region 102 of a wind turbine blade 100 of similar construction to the blade 10 described by way of background with reference to Figure 1. Specifically, Figure 3 shows the spar cap regions 102 of the upper half shell of the blade.
The basic construction of the blade 100 has already been described above by way of background with reference to Figure 1. Accordingly, it will be appreciated that the spar caps 106 in this blade 100 are integrally formed with the shell 108. Specifically, the spar caps 106 each comprise a stack of CFRP pultruded strips.
The spar caps 106 are located between sandwich-panel regions 110 of the blade 100 in which a foam core 112 is disposed between inner 114 and outer 116 GFRP laminate layers of the shell 108 (skins). The inner and outer laminate layers 114, 116 are continuous above and below the spar caps 106 but the foam core 112 is only arranged adjacent to the spar caps 106. Accordingly, there is no foam present in the spar cap regions 102.
In accordance with the present invention, RAM is incorporated in the spar cap regions 102 of the blade 100. Specifically, a circuit-analogue impedance layer 118 comprising a patterned conductive layer applied to a layer of glass-fibre fabric is incorporated within the laminate structure of the outer laminate layer 116 of the shell 108 in the spar cap regions 102, whilst the carbon-containing spar caps 106 function as the radar-reflecting surfaces in these regions.
The impedance layer 118 may have several different patterns across the surface of the blade 100 depending upon the thickness and composition of the shell in any particular region. Therefore, various glass fabric layers each with a different conductive pattern are required during the layup process to form the impedance layer 118, and it is important to use the correct fabric in the correct location.
It is desirable to minimise the number of CA fabric designs required for the impedance layer 118 across a blade to simplify blade manufacture and stock control and to reduce costs. It is also desirable to be able to use the same fabric designs across different types of blades so that new blade designs do not require bespoke CA fabrics. Using the same CA fabrics across different blades also reduces costs and simplifies stock control.
Referring again to the blade 30 shown in Figure 1 and described by way of background if a CA impedance layer is embedded within the relatively thin outer laminate layer 34 above the spar caps 32 of the blade in Figure 1, there would not be sufficient separation between the impedance layer and the spar cap 32 to form an effective circuit analogue absorber.
Referring again to Figure 3, an elongate pultruded strip 120 of glass-fibre reinforced plastic is arranged between the spar cap 106 and the outer laminate layer 116 in the respective spar cap regions 102 of the blade 100. The glass pultrusion 120 ensures that the impedance layer 118 is sufficiently spaced apart from the upper surface 122 of the spar cap 106 to form an effective CA absorber. The glass pultrusion 120 also acts as a dielectric between the impedance layer 118 and the reflective spar cap 106, and performs a structural reinforcing role similar to the carbon pultrusions of the spar cap 106.
The glass pultrusion 120 has substantially the same width as the stacked carbon pultrusions forming the spar caps 106 and is therefore readily incorporated in the shell layup process. The glass pultrusion 120 will typically have a different thickness to the carbon pultrusions forming the spar caps 106, and the required thickness of the glass pultrusion 120 will depend upon factors including the thickness of the outer laminate layer 116 of the shell 108 between the impedance layer 118 and the spar cap 106, the dielectric properties of the glass pultrusion 120 and the frequency of the radar signals to be absorbed.
The thickness of the glass pultrusions 120 is typically between 1.5 mm -6 mm. For a given design of impedance layer 118 and thickness of the outer laminate layer 116, a glass pultrusion 120 having a thickness of 1.9 mm has been found to be suitable for structures designed to absorb weather radar (typically 5.5 0Hz); a 5.9 mm thick pultrusion 120 has been found to be suitable for absorbing European air-traffic control radar (1.8 0Hz); and a 2.9 mm thick pultrusion 120 has been found to be suitable for absorbing US air traffic control (3 0Hz).
To make the shell 108 of the blade 100, a plurality of glass fabric layers are arranged in a mould to form the outer laminate layer 116 of the shell 108. Glass pultrusions 120 are then arranged on top of these glass-fabric layers in the spar cap regions 102 and the carbon pultrusions are then stacked on top of the glass pultrusions 120. Foam panels forming the sandwich panel cores are placed adjacent to and between the stacks of pultruded strips. The foam panels are preferably unitary constructions already comprising the embedded carbon reflector layer 124. Further layers of glass fabric are then arranged over these components to form the inner laminate layer 114 of the shell 108. The layup is then covered with a vacuum bag and sealed. The sealed region is evacuated and resin is supplied during a resin-infusion process. Thereafter the laminate is cured to harden the resin.
Many modifications may be made to the examples described above without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined in the accompanying claims. For example, whilst a single glass pultrusion 120 is utilised in the respective spar cap regions in the above examples, variants of the invention may include a plurality of stacked glass pultrusions 120 between the outer laminate layer 116 and the spar caps 106.
Furthermore, other suitable spacing elements may be used instead of glass pultrusions provided that they have suitable dielectric properties and do not significantly compromise the structural integrity of the blade. Whilst circuit-analogue absorbers have been described by way of example, the radar-absorbing structure may alternatively be configured as a Salisbury Screen or Jaumann absorber or indeed as any other type of radar-absorbing structure. For example! variants of the invention are envisaged in which the circuit analogue layer is replaced with resistive sheets. The same considerations regarding suitable dielectric spacing over the spar cap apply equally in such cases.
Claims (18)
- Claims 1. A wind turbine blade comprising: a shell defining a substantially hollow interior; a reinforcing spar structure extending longitudinally, the spar structure comprising a spar cap integrated with the shell; and radar-absorbing material comprising an impedance layer located near an exterior surface of the shell and a radar-reflecting surface inboard of and spaced apart from the impedance layer, the impedance layer and the radar-reflecting surface together forming a radar absorber; wherein the radar-reflecting surface is formed at least in part by the spar cap.
- 2. The wind turbine blade of Claim 1, wherein the spar cap is made from a carbon-based material.
- 3. The wind turbine blade of Claim 2, wherein the spar cap comprises a stack of pultruded strips of carbon-fibre reinforced composite material.
- 4. The wind turbine blade of any preceding claim, wherein regions of the shell are of sandwich panel construction and include a lightweight core layer disposed between inner and outer laminate layers.
- 5. The wind turbine blade of Claim 4, wherein the radar-reflecting surface in the sandwich panel regions is formed by a layer of carbon tissue.
- 6. The wind turbine blade of Claim 5, wherein the layer of carbon tissue is embedded within the core layer.
- 7. The wind turbine blade of any of Claims 4 to 6, wherein the spar cap is located between sandwich panel regions of the shell.
- 8. The wind turbine blade of any of Claims 1 to 7, wherein the spar cap is integrally formed with the shell such that the spar cap is located between inner and outer laminate layers of the shell.
- 9. The wind turbine blade of Claim 8, further comprising a dielectric component arranged between the spar cap and the impedance layer.
- 10. The wind turbine blade of Claim 9, wherein the dielectric component is between the spar cap and the outer laminate layer of the shell.
- 11. The wind turbine blade of Claim 9 or Claim 10, wherein the dielectric component is a pultruded strip of dielectric material.
- 1 a The wind turbine blade of any of Claims 9 to 11, wherein the dielectric component comprises glass-fibre reinforced plastic.
- 13. The wind turbine blade of any preceding claim, wherein the radar absorber is a circuit analogue absorber and the impedance layer is a circuit-analogue layer comprising a patterned layer of conductive material.
- 14. The wind turbine blade of Claim 14, wherein the impedance layer is provided on a layer of glass-fibre fabric.
- 15. A wind turbine comprising a blade as claimed in any preceding claim.
- 16. A method of making a wind turbine blade, the method comprising: a. arranging a plurality of fibrous fabric layers in a mould to form an outer laminate layer of the blade, at least one of said layers forming an impedance layer; b. placing an elongate dielectric component on the fibrous fabric layers; c. placing one or more reinforcing strips of carbon-containing material on top of the elongate dielectric component, the carbon strips serving as a radar-reflecting surface; d. arranging one or more fibrous fabric layers over the reinforcing strips to form an inner laminate layer of the blade; and e. integrating the components to form the wind turbine blade, wherein the impedance layer, reflecting surface and dielectric component together form a radar-absorbing structure.
- 17. The method of Claim 16, wherein the elongate dielectric component is a pultruded strip of glass-fibre reinforced plastic.
- 18. The method of Claim 16 or Claim 17 wherein the one or more reinforcing strips are pultruded strips of carbon-fibre reinforced plastic.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1409756.2A GB2526795A (en) | 2014-06-02 | 2014-06-02 | Wind turbines incorporating radar absorbing material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1409756.2A GB2526795A (en) | 2014-06-02 | 2014-06-02 | Wind turbines incorporating radar absorbing material |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB201409756D0 GB201409756D0 (en) | 2014-07-16 |
| GB2526795A true GB2526795A (en) | 2015-12-09 |
Family
ID=51214573
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1409756.2A Withdrawn GB2526795A (en) | 2014-06-02 | 2014-06-02 | Wind turbines incorporating radar absorbing material |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2526795A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109641409A (en) * | 2016-08-10 | 2019-04-16 | 森维安有限公司 | Ribbon and its production method made of the prefabricated elements with substrate |
| EP3418556B1 (en) | 2017-06-21 | 2020-08-19 | General Electric Company | A wind turbine blade with hybrid spar cap and associated method for making |
| EP3825543A1 (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2021-05-26 | Trelleborg Retford Limited | A wind turbine component |
| CN113353287A (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2021-09-07 | 南京航空航天大学 | Darkroom test device and paddle |
| US11951717B2 (en) | 2018-12-20 | 2024-04-09 | Trelleborg Retford Limited | Tile for reducing a radar wave reflection and a method for producing a tile for reducing a radar wave reflection |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011051687A2 (en) * | 2009-11-02 | 2011-05-05 | Qinetiq Limited Et Al | Wind turbine blades |
| WO2012056231A1 (en) * | 2010-10-26 | 2012-05-03 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Improvements in or relating to composite structures |
| KR20130081947A (en) * | 2012-01-10 | 2013-07-18 | 한국과학기술원 | Radar absorbing wind turbine blade |
-
2014
- 2014-06-02 GB GB1409756.2A patent/GB2526795A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011051687A2 (en) * | 2009-11-02 | 2011-05-05 | Qinetiq Limited Et Al | Wind turbine blades |
| WO2012056231A1 (en) * | 2010-10-26 | 2012-05-03 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Improvements in or relating to composite structures |
| KR20130081947A (en) * | 2012-01-10 | 2013-07-18 | 한국과학기술원 | Radar absorbing wind turbine blade |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109641409A (en) * | 2016-08-10 | 2019-04-16 | 森维安有限公司 | Ribbon and its production method made of the prefabricated elements with substrate |
| CN109641409B (en) * | 2016-08-10 | 2022-02-18 | 森维安有限公司 | Strip made of prefabricated elements with a substrate and method for producing same |
| EP3418556B1 (en) | 2017-06-21 | 2020-08-19 | General Electric Company | A wind turbine blade with hybrid spar cap and associated method for making |
| US11951717B2 (en) | 2018-12-20 | 2024-04-09 | Trelleborg Retford Limited | Tile for reducing a radar wave reflection and a method for producing a tile for reducing a radar wave reflection |
| EP3825543A1 (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2021-05-26 | Trelleborg Retford Limited | A wind turbine component |
| WO2021104935A1 (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2021-06-03 | Trelleborg Retford Limited | A wind turbine component |
| CN113353287A (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2021-09-07 | 南京航空航天大学 | Darkroom test device and paddle |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB201409756D0 (en) | 2014-07-16 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |