CN102459971B - 可旋转致动的瓣阀及致动方法 - Google Patents

可旋转致动的瓣阀及致动方法 Download PDF

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CN102459971B
CN102459971B CN201080026291.1A CN201080026291A CN102459971B CN 102459971 B CN102459971 B CN 102459971B CN 201080026291 A CN201080026291 A CN 201080026291A CN 102459971 B CN102459971 B CN 102459971B
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clack valve
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T·R·比索尔
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Baker Hughes Holdings LLC
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
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    • F16K1/2042Special features or arrangements of the sealing
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B34/00Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells
    • E21B34/06Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells
    • E21B34/066Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells electrically actuated
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/16Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members
    • F16K1/18Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps
    • F16K1/20Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps with axis of rotation arranged externally of valve member
    • F16K1/2007Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps with axis of rotation arranged externally of valve member specially adapted operating means therefor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/16Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members
    • F16K1/18Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps
    • F16K1/20Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps with axis of rotation arranged externally of valve member
    • F16K1/2014Shaping of the valve member
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/02Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
    • F16K31/04Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a motor
    • F16K31/041Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a motor for rotating valves
    • F16K31/043Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a motor for rotating valves characterised by mechanical means between the motor and the valve, e.g. lost motion means reducing backlash, clutches, brakes or return means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/44Mechanical actuating means
    • F16K31/52Mechanical actuating means with crank, eccentric, or cam
    • F16K31/528Mechanical actuating means with crank, eccentric, or cam with pin and slot
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/44Mechanical actuating means
    • F16K31/53Mechanical actuating means with toothed gearing
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B2200/00Special features related to earth drilling for obtaining oil, gas or water
    • E21B2200/05Flapper valves
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
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Abstract

一种可旋转致动的瓣阀及致动方法,该瓣阀包括:一挡板;绕挡板周边的弯曲边缘;和配置在阀的另一部件上的适配的弯曲边缘,所述部件可旋转,使该适配的弯曲边缘不与挡板的弯曲边缘对齐,由此,将挡板推出关闭位置。

Description

可旋转致动的瓣阀及致动方法
技术领域
本申请涉及阀门领域,特别涉及可旋转致动的瓣阀及其相关的致动方法。
背景技术
阀门,例如流体损耗控制阀、安全阀、截止阀等等,在井下工业特别是烃类开采工业中都是众所周知的。通常,阀门(其包括但不限于安全阀)包括一挡板和一流管,所述挡板和流管可操作地配置成在一外壳中一起工作。通过使流管延伸过挡板,可以驱动挡板离开其支座。虽然传统的安全阀配置普遍使用,而且能够很好达到所想要的目的,但是,由材料体积、机加工作业等引起的制造成本仍然很高。如何在保持瓣阀功能的同时减少成本是本领域所欢迎的。
发明内容
一种可旋转致动的瓣阀,包括:一挡板,该挡板上具有非平面的相互作用表面;该瓣阀的适配部件,该相互作用表面和该适配部件可有选择地对齐和不对齐,当不对齐时,挡板至少部分打开。
一种可旋转致动的瓣阀,包括:一挡板;绕挡板周边的弯曲边缘;和配置在瓣阀的另一部件上的适配的弯曲边缘,所述部件可旋转,使该适配的弯曲边缘不与挡板的弯曲边缘对齐,由此,将挡板推出关闭位置。
一种用于致动阀的挡板的方法,包括:使该阀的一个部件相对于该阀的另一部件旋转,在对齐的情况下,该旋转使挡板或阀的另一部件中的一个上的非平面表面不对齐,在不对齐的情况下,该旋转使挡板或阀的另一部件中的一个上的非平面表面对齐;和依照旋转,促使挡板至另一位置。
附图说明
现在参照附图,其中,几个附图中同样的元件标记相同的数字:
图1是可旋转致动的瓣阀的一实施例在关闭位置的局部截面视图;
图2是图1所示瓣阀在部分打开位置的视图;
图3是图1所示瓣阀在全开位置的视图;
图4是瓣阀的透视图,示出了阀枢轴;
图5是可旋转致动的瓣阀的替换实施例在部分打开位置的视图;
图6是图5所示瓣阀在全开位置的视图;
图7是可旋转致动的瓣阀的另一替换实施例在全开位置的透视图;
图8是图7所示瓣阀在部分打开位置的截面视图;
图9是图7所示瓣阀在全开位置的另一截面视图;
图10是可旋转致动的阀的另一替换实施例在部分打开位置的截面视图;
图11是图10中所示阀的一部分的视图,部件处于阀全开的位置中。
具体实施方式
参照图1,图中示出了可旋转致动的瓣阀10的一实施例,其处于完全关闭的位置,挡板12与挡板支座14接合。挡板12和挡板支座14分别具有一弯曲边缘16、18。这些边缘绕挡板和挡板支座周边,并为大体上适配的形状,在一个实施例中,为互补形状。当挡板和挡板支座对齐时,挡板可靠着挡板支座关闭,在有些实施例中,挡板将密封抵靠挡板支座。挡板支座或挡板的旋转引起挡板和挡板支座分开,从而使挡板12打开一定程度。挡板打开的程度在某种程度上取决于弯曲边缘16和18的倾斜角度。接近45度的角度将容许挡板产生最大偏移,由此容许相对于挡板支座14变化最大角度。当挡板12上的弯曲边缘16的最高点与挡板支座14上的弯曲边缘18的最高点对齐时,挡板由于弯曲边缘16和18之间的接触而达到最大运动。
挡板和挡板支座的不对准导致密封能力失效,实际上可用于使挡板打开,正如该实施例中的目的那样。弯曲边缘16和18的高点彼此干涉,以使挡板12绕枢轴20(参见图4)进行枢转运动。
在图1-4所示的实施例中,所示的瓣阀10分别处于关闭、部分打开和打开位置,以提供对瓣阀10的清晰了解。在该实施例中,这种配置依赖于弯曲边缘16和18的细节、螺旋槽22和槽随动件24以及由适当的驱动器28驱动的螺旋直齿轮26。
参照图1-3,将清楚地顺序描述操作。在图1中,挡板12关闭,挡板支座14相对于外壳和挡板位于使得挡板与挡板支座14成密封关系地接合的位置。在驱动器28致动时(该驱动器可以是电动机(如图1所示,带有电接头30和32)、液压马达(如图2所示,带有液压流体入口34和出口36)等,该驱动器与直齿轮26驱动相联),挡板支座14绕其自身的轴线旋转,从而使挡板支座14的弯曲边缘18不与挡板12的弯曲边缘16对齐。这导致轴向推动挡板12而使其远离挡板支座14。因为挡板12铰接地连接于外壳38,挡板支座14在该外壳内旋转,所以挡板将根据作用于其上的轴向负荷绕枢轴20枢转。如上所述,挡板12的枢转程度与弯曲边缘的角度有关,但是,由于可能的斜度的限制,其通常小于全开的程度。这种限制可能单独与几何形状有关,或者可能与随着斜度变大而增加的摩擦有关。为了有效实现如图3所示的全开状态,挡板支座14在其旋转运动的同时进行轴向移动。这依赖在驱动器28强制挡板支座14旋转时处于螺旋槽22中的随动件24来实现。直齿轮26成螺旋形配置,以便在挡板支座14轴向改变其位置时,保持该直齿轮与驱动器28的接合。因为挡板支座14在挡板的方向上移动,所以,挡板支座14与挡板12之间的接触点40继续推动挡板12,直至其完全打开,如图3所示。
在该实施例中,挡板由复位弹簧42关闭,在图4中可见该复位弹簧。
现在参见图5和6,示出了同时旋转地致动两个相对的瓣阀的替换实施例。对读过上文的人来说,显而易见的是,该实施例包括所述的第一实施例中部件的镜像。单个驱动器28致动镜像配置的两个构造,所述两个构造操作相同但彼此方向相反。为了清楚起见,镜像部分中的每个部件都赋予与在所述的第一实施例中所使用数字相对应的100序列数字。
参见图7-9,示出了可旋转致动的瓣阀的又一个实施例。在图7中,瓣阀打开的透视图提供了该配置的概况。瓣阀210包括挡板212和挡板支座214。该实施例的挡板支座与前述实施例的不同在于,它采用一坡道套筒250,该坡道套筒可旋转以引起挡板212全开运动。挡板最初仍由挡板支座214的旋转运动推动,但是,为了将挡板移动至全开状态,增加了该坡道套筒。坡道套筒250也是挡板支座214的操纵机构,其通过指状物251连接于挡板支座214。在一个实施例中,坡道套筒250包括一绕该坡道套筒250环状延伸的环齿轮(或至少一部分环齿轮)252。采用环齿轮252使坡道套筒250旋转,从而打开或关闭挡板212。可以采用任何适合的驱动器来致动该环齿轮,例如在上文实施例中示出的驱动器28。在坡道套筒250中形成有一倾斜的凹槽或开口254。如图所示,该配置为完全贯穿坡道套筒250延伸的开口,但是,根据需要,它也可以配置成从坡道套筒250的内部尺寸表面凹入该坡道套筒的凹部。无论在何种情况,在一个实施例中,凹槽254都具有合成形状,其中,凹槽254既相对于套筒轴向方向螺旋配置,并且还相对于该轴向方向倾斜,如图9所示。数字256和258表示凹槽254的特定壁。在图9中,观察者可以看见这些壁的角度。在图9中所看到的角度相对较陡,而在图8看到的壁的区域中相同壁的角度显然没那么陡。这是因为这些壁配置成提供一表面,一凸轮利用挡板212运动过程中垂直于壁的负荷支承在该表面上,所述凸轮可以是如图所示的凸轮滚子260。参照图8,凸轮滚子相对于挡板212的位置是很明显的。凸轮滚子260由挡板212的相对于枢轴220位于挡板主体相反的位置的延长部262支撑。所以,延长部262在一个方向上的运动将引起挡板212在相反方向上的运动。通过从凹槽的中心区域推动凸轮滚子260至凹槽254的任一端,使得凸轮滚子爬上倾斜的凹槽,并推动挡板212至打开位置。在挡板212绕枢轴220运动过程中(依次参见图8和9),凸轮滚子260移动到截然不同的方位。凹槽254配置成通过使壁256和258保持与凸轮滚子260的垂直而与凸轮滚子的运动匹配,以便提高机械运动的效率。通过推动凸轮滚子260返回至凹槽254的中央部位264,坡道套筒250的反向运动将使挡板212关闭。
现在参照图10和11,示出了可旋转致动的瓣阀310的另一替换实施例。在该实施例中,挡板314类似于上文实施例中的挡板,其中包含有一弯曲边缘316。当挡板对齐并关闭时,弯曲边缘316与配置在一流管370一端的适配的边缘318(或者在一个实施例中,为互补的边缘)相配合,在有些实施例中二者密封配合。流管370在外壳372内可旋转且可轴向移动,并由偏压部件374例如所示的卷簧偏压至阀关闭位置。流管370包括一偏压部件附着部376,例如所示的凸缘。当瓣阀处于关闭位置时,该流管370被约束套筒380中的凹槽378约束而进行旋转运动,以便旋转一定度数。应当明白,凹槽378配置成沿着约束套筒380横向延伸一定度数,然后沿着套筒380轴向延伸。这确保流管370必须根据下面进一步阐明的旋转致动,首先进行旋转,然后纵向延伸。流管370的运动首先由于弯曲边缘316和318的不对齐而开始打开挡板312,这与上文实施例的情况相同,然后通过流管延伸经过支座314而能够完全打开挡板,在全开位置,挡板自然被保护在流管之后。流管370的延伸只在约束套筒380允许该运动时出现。这需要在流管上与凹槽378接合的凸耳382已经充分旋转移动,使得该凸耳已经移动到凹槽378的轴向部分中。
一驱动器328启动刚刚所述的运动,该驱动器可以是电动机、液压马达等,正如上文实施例中所述的,其与齿轮352相啮合。仔细参照图10和11,图中揭示了流管370与驱动管384紧密、同心地连通。流管370包括一螺旋轮廓386,驱动管384包括一螺旋轮廓388。螺旋轮廓386和螺旋轮廓388是相互适配的,在一个实施例中,两者彼此互补。在任何情况下都配置成使得:由驱动管384的旋转运动而将旋转运动传递给流管370,并且在被所述约束套筒380允许时,引起轴向运动。该轴向运动是由于各轮廓相对于另一个轮廓的爬升所致,类似于大螺距锁定螺母起重螺杆配置。
运行时,从挡板的关闭位置开始,驱动器328被致动,以赋予驱动管384旋转运动。由于约束套筒的凹槽378的约束作用,流管的轴向运动受到限制,所以,流管的运动仅仅是旋转。旋转运动使弯曲边缘316和弯曲边缘318不对齐,由此使挡板312部分打开。当刚才所述的旋转运动成功地使得凸耳382移动至凹槽378的轴向定向的部分时,约束套筒380阻止流管进一步旋转运动。在此位置,当致动瓣阀310时,在螺旋轮廓386和螺旋轮廓388的作用下,驱动管384的旋转运动被转换成流管370的轴向运动。然后,流管370轴向延伸过挡板314一充足的距离,以完全打开挡板312,并对其进行保护。该位置显示在图11中,其中,所示的挡板314处于完全打开位置,并位于流管370之后,弹簧374显示为被压缩。此外,可以看到,从图10到图11,凸缘376与齿轮352之间的轴向距离增大了。依据所希望的挡板打开的程度,可以采用或不采用该实施例的轴向延伸部分。通过直接用一驱动器旋转流管,可以只采用旋转部分。
虽然已经显示和描述了一个或更多个实施例,但是,在没有背离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,可以对此进行修改和替换。因此,应当明白,本发明的描述是说明性的而非限制性的。

Claims (17)

1.一种可旋转致动的瓣阀,其包括:
一挡板;
绕挡板周边的弯曲边缘;和
配置在该瓣阀的另一部件上的与挡板的弯曲边缘相适配的弯曲边缘,所述另一部件能够旋转,由此,由于挡板的弯曲边缘与所述另一部件上的所述相适配的弯曲边缘彼此干涉的作用,使与挡板的弯曲边缘相适配的所述弯曲边缘不与挡板的弯曲边缘对齐,由此,将挡板推出关闭位置。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种可旋转致动的瓣阀,其中,在瓣阀的关闭位置,挡板的弯曲边缘是挡板的密封边缘。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种可旋转致动的瓣阀,其中,所述与挡板的弯曲边缘相适配的弯曲边缘是一挡板支座的一部分。
4.如权利要求3所述的一种可旋转致动的瓣阀,其中,所述挡板支座相对于瓣阀的外壳是能够旋转的,并且能够轴向延伸。
5.如权利要求4所述的一种可旋转致动的瓣阀,其中,挡板支座的延伸使挡板进一步打开。
6.如权利要求4所述的一种可旋转致动的瓣阀,其中,挡板支座由一马达进行驱转。
7.如权利要求4所述的一种可旋转致动的瓣阀,其中,所述挡板进一步包括延伸到挡板的枢轴的相对一侧的延长部。
8.如权利要求7所述的一种可旋转致动的瓣阀,其中,所述延长部包括一凸轮滚子。
9.如权利要求7所述的一种可旋转致动的瓣阀,其中,该瓣阀进一步包括坡道套筒。
10.如权利要求9所述的一种可旋转致动的瓣阀,其中,该坡道套筒包括凹槽。
11.如权利要求10所述的一种可旋转致动的瓣阀,其中,所述凹槽包括壁,所述壁是倾斜的,以提供所述壁与延长部之间的垂直交点。
12.如权利要求9所述的一种可旋转致动的瓣阀,其中,所述坡道套筒能够旋转地被限制于挡板支座。
13.如权利要求1所述的一种可旋转致动的瓣阀,其中,该瓣阀包括:两个挡板,每个挡板均具有绕挡板周边的弯曲边缘;和配置在瓣阀的其他部件上的两个与挡板的弯曲边缘相适配的弯曲边缘,所述其他部件能够旋转,使与挡板的弯曲边缘相适配的弯曲边缘不与挡板的弯曲边缘对齐,由此,将挡板推出关闭位置。
14.如权利要求1所述的一种可旋转致动的瓣阀,其中,瓣阀的所述另一个部件是流管。
15.如权利要求14所述的一种可旋转致动的瓣阀,其中,瓣阀进一步包括与流管可操作地连通的驱动管,所述驱动管能够赋予流管旋转运动和轴向运动。
16.如权利要求15所述的一种可旋转致动的瓣阀,其中,驱动管和流管均包括配置成彼此相互作用的轮廓。
17.如权利要求14所述的一种可旋转致动的瓣阀,其中,该瓣阀进一步包括约束套筒,所述约束套筒配置成在约束流管的轴向运动的同时允许流管进行旋转运动,以便旋转所选定的度数,然后在允许流管进行轴向运动的同时约束流管的旋转。
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