CN102454985B - Pulverized coal burner and pulverized coal boiler - Google Patents
Pulverized coal burner and pulverized coal boiler Download PDFInfo
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- CN102454985B CN102454985B CN201010529378.2A CN201010529378A CN102454985B CN 102454985 B CN102454985 B CN 102454985B CN 201010529378 A CN201010529378 A CN 201010529378A CN 102454985 B CN102454985 B CN 102454985B
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 305
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 claims description 91
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 32
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 16
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 108
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 24
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000276425 Xiphophorus maculatus Species 0.000 description 4
- WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N alstonine Natural products C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC2=C2N1C[C@H]1[C@H](C)OC=C(C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C2 WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 2
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000018875 hypoxemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001535 kindling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention discloses a pulverized coal burner and a pulverized coal boiler, the disclosed pulverized coal burner comprises a pulverized coal concentration segment and a main body segment, which are connected sequentially, the pulverized coal concentration segment is provided with a pulverized coal concentration device, a concentrated phase pulverized coal through-flow part and a light phase pulverized coal through-flow part are formed in the pulverized coal concentration segment, the pulverized coal burner also comprises an ignition heat source; the main segment is internally provided with a baffle plate which extends along the flowing direction of the pulverized coal, the baffle plate at least divides the main segment into a concentrated phase pulverized coal channel and a light phase pulverized coal channel; the back ends of the concentrated phase pulverized coal through-flow part and the light phase pulverized coal through-flow part respectively correspond to the front ends of the concentrated phase pulverized coal channel and the light phase pulverized coal channel; the ignition heat source is located in the concentrated phase pulverized coal through-flow part or the concentrated phase pulverized coal channel. In the invention, most of the nitrogen in the pulverized coal can form N2 by the pulverized coal burner, so as to reduce fuel NOx generated by continuous burning of the pulverized coal in the boiler and reduce the emission of NOx from the pulverized coal boiler.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of pulverized coal combustion, particularly a kind of coal burner, also relate to the pulverized-coal fired boiler comprising this coal burner.
Background technology
Under the situation that current environment protection problem is increasingly serious, the discharge capacity how reducing nitrogen oxide (NOx) in pulverized-coal fired boiler running is one of important topic that will solve.
The NOx discharged in pulverized-coal fired boiler operation process, generally refers to NO and NO
2; Wherein the overwhelming majority is NO, and behind the downstream of flame zone or discharge, the NO of a part can be converted into NO
2.The nitrogen oxide (NOx) produced in process of coal combustion can be divided into heating power type, Quick-type and fuel type; Wherein, fuel type NOx refers to the NOx that the nitrogen in coal dust generates through a series of oxidation-reduction reaction in combustion, and it is the main source of NOx in process of coal combustion, accounts for 80% ~ 90% of total NOx discharge.Therefore, the key reducing the discharge capacity of NOx reduces the discharge capacity of fuel type NOx; And the major way reducing fuel type NOx discharge makes coal dust in low oxygen concentration zonal combustion, the nitrogen in coal dust is made to form N
2, to reduce NOx discharge.For this reason, some technical schemes have been disclosed in prior art.
As PM (pollution minimum) bias DC burner of MIT (MHI).This PM bias DC burner utilizes the guide functions of elbow to form Pulverized Coal Concentration device, breeze airflow is divided into dense phase pulverized coal air-flow and light phase breeze airflow two strands, and dense phase pulverized coal air-flow is burnt in the environment of fuel-rich material, form volatile combustion district, coal dust is made to carry out reproducibility reaction, with the growing amount of control NOx.The outlet of PM bias DC burner is provided with bluff body, to form the backflow of high-temperature flue gas near the outlet of this burner; The effect of this structure is: one is by high-temperature flue gas, breeze airflow is caught fire in advance, two is postpone First air (wind powder mixture) and the mixing of Secondary Air, extend the time of staying of coal dust in volatile combustion district, namely extend the reduction reaction time, make more fuel type NOx be reduced into N
2; So just near the outlet of this burner, form local air fractional combustion, to suppress the generation of NOx.
Another kind is the horizontal rich-lean direct current burner of domestic Harbin Institute of Technology.This horizontal rich-lean direct current burner is the Pulverized Coal Concentration device utilizing the leaf grating isolating construction (shutter shape structure) arranged at burner internal to be formed, in the horizontal direction of burner outlet, breeze airflow is divided into dense phase pulverized coal air-flow and light phase breeze airflow two strands, dense phase pulverized coal air-flow is made to carry out fuel-rich combustion, carry out reproducibility reaction, with the generation of control NOx.The dense phase pulverized coal air-flow of First air (wind powder mixture) air-flow is in counter-fire face, coal dust catches fire in advance, light phase breeze airflow is positioned at the fiery face of the back of the body, delay First air (wind powder mixture) mixes with Secondary Air, make combustion product extended residence time in the volatile combustion district of fuel-rich material, namely extend the reduction reaction time, make more fuel type NOx be reduced into N
2, to suppress the generation of NOx.
In the technical scheme of above-mentioned reduction NOx emission, coal dust is all near the outlet of burner, burns under the mode of burning in addition; This mode, owing to cannot keep the fuel-rich material environment in combustion process, adds the impact of Secondary Air on First air, limits the effect that Researched of Air Staging Combustion Burning Pulverized Coal reduces NOx emission.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, first object of the present invention is, provides a kind of coal burner, more effectively to reduce the discharge capacity of pulverized-coal fired boiler NOx.
Second object of the present invention is to provide a kind of pulverized-coal fired boiler comprising above-mentioned coal burner.
In order to realize above-mentioned first object, the Pulverized Coal Concentration section be connected before and after coal burner provided by the invention comprises and main paragraph, described Pulverized Coal Concentration section has Pulverized Coal Concentration device, forms the through-flow portion of dense phase pulverized coal and the light through-flow portion of phase coal dust in described Pulverized Coal Concentration section; Coal burner also comprises igniting thermal source; Have the dividing plate extended along coal dust flow direction in described main paragraph, the space in described main paragraph is at least divided into dense phase pulverized coal passage and light phase coal dust channel by described dividing plate; The rear end in described dense phase pulverized coal is through-flow portion is corresponding with the front end of described dense phase pulverized coal passage and the front end of light phase coal dust channel respectively with the rear end in the light through-flow portion of phase coal dust; Described igniting thermal source is arranged in the through-flow portion of dense phase pulverized coal or dense phase pulverized coal passage.
Optionally, described coal burner also comprises quick igniting device, and described quick igniting device comprises front end passage section and equals the cone cylinder that the straight tube of rear end passage section or front end passage section be greater than rear end passage section; Described igniting thermal source is arranged in described cone cylinder or straight tube.
Optionally, the convergent dividing plate that described coal burner also comprises converging transition and extends along coal dust flow direction, space in described converging transition is divided into convergent dense phase pulverized coal passage and the light phase coal dust channel of convergent by described convergent dividing plate, and the passage section of the front end of described convergent dense phase pulverized coal passage is greater than the passage section of its rear end; The front end of described convergent dense phase pulverized coal passage and the front end of convergent light phase coal dust channel communicate with the rear end of light phase coal dust channel with the rear end of described dense phase pulverized coal passage respectively.
Optionally, the stable section dividing plate that described coal burner also comprises stable section and extends along coal dust flow direction, space in described stable section is divided into stable section dense phase pulverized coal passage and the light phase coal dust channel of stable section by described stable section dividing plate, and the passage section of the front end of described stable section dense phase pulverized coal passage equals the passage section of its rear end; The front end of described stable section dense phase pulverized coal passage and the front end of stable section light phase coal dust channel communicate with the rear end of the light phase coal dust channel of convergent with the rear end of described convergent dense phase pulverized coal passage respectively.
Optionally, described Pulverized Coal Concentration device comprises elbow, urceolus and is positioned at the inner core of urceolus, and the front-end and back-end of described urceolus connect with the front end of described elbow rear end and main paragraph respectively; The passage section that described inner core comprises front end is less than the conical cylinder section of the passage section of rear end; Described conical cylinder section rear end is connected with the front end of dense phase pulverized coal passage, and the part that outer arc is partial to described elbow rear end in front end communicates.
Optionally, the passage section that described Pulverized Coal Concentration device also comprises front end is greater than the shrinkage cavity section of the passage section of rear end; The rear end of described shrinkage cavity section connects with the front end of described inner core, and the front end of described shrinkage cavity section is relative with the part of the deflection outer arc of the rear end of described elbow.
Optionally, described inner core also comprises series winding bend pipe, and described series winding bend pipe comprises two connected, that wrap direction is contrary bend pipes; The front end of described series winding bend pipe is relative with the part of the deflection outer arc of the rear end of described elbow, and rear end connects with the front end of described conical cylinder section.
Optionally, deflector is furnished with in described series winding bend pipe; At the flow direction of breeze airflow, the trend of deflector and the centerline parallel of series winding bend pipe.
Optionally, flow-disturbing part is also provided with in described dense phase pulverized coal passage; On breeze airflow flow direction, the passage section of described flow-disturbing part is variable.
Optionally, the internal face of described dense phase pulverized coal passage is also provided with the refractory lining be made up of ceramic material.
Optionally, the internal face of described dense phase pulverized coal passage is provided with pore, and described pore is connected with predetermined source of the gas.
Optionally, described dividing plate forms tubular structure; Described dividing plate inner chamber forms dense phase pulverized coal passage, forms light phase coal dust channel between described dividing plate outside wall surface with main paragraph internal face.
In order to realize above-mentioned second object, pulverized-coal fired boiler provided by the invention comprises burner hearth and any one coal burner above-mentioned, and described coal burner is arranged on burner hearth.
Compared with prior art, coal burner provided by the invention comprises Pulverized Coal Concentration section and main paragraph, Pulverized Coal Concentration device is provided with in described Pulverized Coal Concentration section, Pulverized Coal Concentration device can carry out air-coal separating to the breeze airflow in First air, makes breeze airflow form dense phase pulverized coal air-flow and light phase breeze airflow; The flow passage component of dense phase pulverized coal air-flow and light phase breeze airflow forms the through-flow portion of dense phase pulverized coal and the light through-flow portion of phase coal dust; In addition, space in main paragraph is at least divided into dense phase pulverized coal passage and light phase coal dust channel two passages by the dividing plate in main paragraph, and the rear end in the through-flow portion of dense phase pulverized coal is corresponding with the front end of described dense phase pulverized coal passage and the front end of light phase coal dust channel respectively with the rear end in the light through-flow portion of phase coal dust; Igniting thermal source is also provided with in the through-flow portion of dense phase pulverized coal or dense phase pulverized coal passage.Like this, breeze airflow in First air is when by Pulverized Coal Concentration section, after forming dense phase pulverized coal air-flow and light phase breeze airflow, dense phase pulverized coal air-flow is entered in dense phase pulverized coal passage by the through-flow portion of dense phase pulverized coal, and flows out in the outlet arrival boiler furnace of coal burner by dense phase pulverized coal passage; When dense phase pulverized coal air-flow passes through the position at igniting thermal source place, igniting thermal source will make dense phase pulverized coal steady air current burn; Because dividing plate makes dense phase pulverized coal air-flow and light phase breeze airflow keep being separated, so just can ensure that dense phase pulverized coal air-flow forms good reducing atmosphere in dense phase pulverized coal passage, make the nitrogen in coal dust generate N through a series of reaction in combustion
2.Compared with the technical scheme provided with prior art, when utilizing coal burner provided by the invention, in First air, most of coal dust (forming dense phase pulverized coal air-flow) is before the outlet of arrival coal burner, just carry out reacting comparatively fully under the reducing atmosphere of the dense phase pulverized coal passage of coal burner, made more nitrogen in coal dust form N
2; Simultaneously, because dense phase pulverized coal air-flow and light phase breeze airflow are isolated by dividing plate by force, light phase breeze airflow can be avoided to produce harmful effect to the reducing atmosphere of dense phase pulverized coal air-flow, make the extended residence time of dense phase pulverized coal air-flow under reducing atmosphere, thus make the N that the more nitrogen in coal dust is formed
2; Like this, when utilizing coal burner provided by the invention, in coal dust, more nitrogen can form N
2; And then, so just can reduce the fuel type NOx that coal dust burns away produced in the boiler, and then more effectively can reduce the discharge capacity of pulverized-coal fired boiler NOx.
In further technical scheme, also comprise the quick igniting device corresponding with igniting thermal source, quick igniting device comprises the straight tube or cone cylinder that are enclosed within igniting thermal source outside.Quick igniting device can make igniting thermal source be lighted fast by neighbouring breeze airflow, and the stability of the burning hot source point fire of guarantee point and reliability.
In further technical scheme, convergent dividing plate converging transition being set after main paragraph and extending along coal dust flow direction, the passage section forming front end is greater than the convergent dense phase pulverized coal passage of the passage section of its rear end; The flowing velocity of the pulverized coal flame that dense phase pulverized coal gas stream burning is formed can be improved like this, improve the momentum of pulverized coal flame, meet the needs of boiler furnace combustion tissue.
In further technical scheme, the stable section dividing plate that converging transition rear end arranges stable section and extends along coal dust flow direction, the passage section forming front end equals the stable section dense phase pulverized coal passage of the passage section of its rear end; The rigidity of pulverized coal flame can be increased like this, meet the needs of burning tissues in boiler furnace, improve the stability of boiler furnace coal dust firing, prevent the slagging scorification of burner region wall.
In further technical scheme, Pulverized Coal Concentration device comprises elbow, urceolus and is positioned at the inner core of urceolus; And making the space in described inner core form the through-flow portion of described dense phase pulverized coal at least partially, the space between inner core with urceolus forms the light through-flow portion of phase coal dust at least partially.This technical scheme can utilize inner core dense phase pulverized coal air-flow and light phase breeze airflow to be isolated, and avoids dense phase pulverized coal air-flow to mix in advance with light phase breeze airflow.
In further technical scheme, shrinkage cavity section is set between inner core front end and the rear end of elbow; Shrinkage cavity section can produce current balance function to dense phase pulverized coal air-flow, makes the coal dust distribution in dense phase pulverized coal air-flow more even, for the reduction of nitrogen oxide provides advantage.
In further technical scheme, be also provided with in described dense phase pulverized coal passage on breeze airflow flow direction, passage section has the flow-disturbing part of predetermined variation; Flow-disturbing can be formed to pulverized coal flame like this, make the temperature field in dense phase pulverized coal passage more even; Promote that coal dust burns under enrichment coal dust, hypoxemia and suitable temperature conditions, make more nitrogen element transformation in coal dust be N
2.
In further technical scheme, the internal face of dense phase pulverized coal passage is provided with the refractory lining be made up of ceramic material; On the one hand, the wearability of dense phase pulverized coal vias inner walls can be improved like this and prevent high temperature corrosion, thus improve the service life of coal burner; On the other hand, the refractory lining made due to ceramic material has lower heat conductivity, can keep the temperature of dense phase pulverized coal passage like this, for breeze airflow burning under low oxygen conditions provides more excellent environment, makes the more nitrogen in coal dust be converted into N
2.
In further technical scheme, the internal face of described dense phase pulverized coal passage is provided with pore, and described pore communicates with predetermined source of the gas.The air with predetermined pressure can be made like this to import, the air imported not only can stir dense phase pulverized coal air-flow, make temperature field in dense phase pulverized coal passage evenly, the inwall of dense phase pulverized coal passage can also be cooled, purge the dust stratification in dense phase pulverized coal vias inner walls, prevent slagging scorification.
On the basis providing above-mentioned coal burner, additionally provide a kind of pulverized-coal fired boiler comprising this coal burner, because coal burner has above-mentioned technique effect, the pulverized-coal fired boiler comprising this coal burner also has corresponding technique effect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of coal burner that the embodiment of the present invention one provides;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of a kind of coal burner that the embodiment of the present invention two provides;
Fig. 3 is the enlarged drawing of the quick igniting device in Fig. 2, and the position relationship of quick igniting device and igniting thermal source is shown simultaneously;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of a kind of coal burner that the embodiment of the present invention three provides;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of a kind of coal burner that the embodiment of the present invention four provides.
Detailed description of the invention
Describe the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the description of this part is only exemplary and explanatory, should not have any restriction to protection scope of the present invention.In presents, the noun of locality " front " and " afterwards " are with the flow direction of breeze airflow for reference, and the position that breeze airflow first arrives is front, after the position of rear arrival is.
Embodiment one
Please refer to Fig. 1, this figure is the structural representation of a kind of coal burner that the embodiment of the present invention one provides.This coal burner comprises the parts such as double-layer barrel 200, Pulverized Coal Concentration section 100 and igniter 300.The breeze airflow of First air can be carried out air-coal separating by Pulverized Coal Concentration section 100, and form dense phase pulverized coal air-flow and light phase breeze airflow, double-layer barrel 200 can provide space for the burning of dense phase pulverized coal air-flow, and igniter 300 is for lighting dense phase pulverized coal air-flow.
Double-layer barrel 200 comprises main paragraph 220 and is positioned at the dividing plate 210 of main paragraph 220; Dividing plate 210 extends along coal dust flow direction, will be divided into dense phase pulverized coal passage 211 and light phase coal dust channel 221 in main paragraph 220.In this example, main paragraph 220 and dividing plate 210 are cross sections is circular tubular structure, and the two center line roughly overlaps, and forms double-layer barrel structure; Dividing plate 210 inner chamber forms dense phase pulverized coal passage 211, forms light phase coal dust channel 221 between dividing plate 210 outside wall surface with main paragraph 220 internal face.
Pulverized Coal Concentration section 100 comprises elbow 110, urceolus 120 and is positioned at the conical cylinder section 130 of urceolus 120.The front-end and back-end of urceolus 120 connect with the front end of elbow 110 rear end and main paragraph 210 respectively.In this example, the passage section of conical cylinder section 130 front end is less than the passage section of its rear end.Conical cylinder section 130 rear end and cross section are that dividing plate 220 front end of tubular structure connects, and front end is relative with the part of the deflection outer arc of elbow 110 rear end and communicate.Elbow 110, urceolus 120 and conical cylinder section 130 form the Pulverized Coal Concentration device of this coal burner; Conical cylinder section 130 forms the inner core of Pulverized Coal Concentration device.
Igniter 300 comprises igniter body 320 and igniting thermal source 310.In this example, igniter 300 is plasma generator, forms igniting thermal source 310 in plasma generator rear end; Igniting thermal source is arranged in the correct position of conical cylinder section 130, is preferably placed on conical cylinder section 130 center line.Igniter 300 can be other ignition mechanism, as long as can produce corresponding heat, dense phase pulverized coal is ignited and just can realize object of the present invention.
The operation principle of this embodiment is: the breeze airflow in First air is when by elbow 110, elbow 110 utilizes the inertia of pulverized coal particle in breeze airflow, realize the air-coal separating of breeze airflow, dense phase pulverized coal air-flow and light phase breeze airflow is being formed near elbow 110 rear end, dense phase pulverized coal air-flow is formed at the part of the deflection outer arc of elbow 110 rear end, and light phase breeze airflow is formed at the part of the deflection inner arc of rear end; Because the part of conical cylinder section 130 front end with the deflection outer arc of elbow 110 rear end communicates, dense phase pulverized coal air-flow enters in conical cylinder section 130, light phase breeze airflow enters the space between urceolus 120 and conical cylinder section 130, make dense phase pulverized coal air-flow and light phase breeze airflow keep being separated, thus form the through-flow portion of dense phase pulverized coal 131 and the through-flow portion 121 of light phase coal dust in Pulverized Coal Concentration section 100.When dense phase pulverized coal air-flow is by conical cylinder section 130, dense phase pulverized coal air-flow is lighted by igniting thermal source 310, dense phase pulverized coal air-flow is taken fire, enters in the dense phase pulverized coal passage 211 formed by dividing plate 210, and burn away; After the burning of dense phase pulverized coal passage, then flow out coal burner and enter in the burner hearth of boiler; Meanwhile, light phase breeze airflow also flows out coal burner by light phase coal dust channel 221 and enters boiler furnace combustion.
Can determine according to the description of its operation principle, igniting thermal source 310 is not limited to be arranged in conical cylinder section 130, also igniting thermal source 310 can be made according to actual needs to be arranged in dense phase pulverized coal passage 211, to be preferably placed on the position near front end in dense phase pulverized coal passage 211.Certainly, can according to the ignition intensity in the burning hot source 310 of coal powder performance selected element, to ensure the reliability of lighting a fire; In preferred technical scheme, igniter 300 continuous firing can be made, routinely to light dense phase pulverized coal air-flow.
The principle that above-mentioned coal burner reduces the NOx discharge of pulverized-coal fired boiler is: the oxygen amount in First air can not meet the needs that coal dust wherein burns completely far away, breeze airflow is after the air-coal separating of elbow 110, and the oxygen amount of dense phase pulverized coal air-flow reduces further; Lighted a fire after thermal source 310 lights at dense phase pulverized coal air-flow, entering burning in dense phase pulverized coal passage 211 and can produce strong reducing atmosphere.The formation mechenism of based on fuel type NOx, fuel type NOx is the pyridine (C in coal dust
5h
5and pyrolle (C N)
4h
5n) separate out as what formed after gas phase, pyridine and pyrolle are converted into N, HCN and NH in the gas phase
3, be also converted into NOx simultaneously.The volatile matter generated in process of coal combustion, HCN, NH
iwith free radical O, OH, O
2etc. carrying out oxidation reaction, the oxidation reaction of coke nitrogen N generates fuel type NOx (mainly NO); While burning, the NO of generation again with volatile matter, HCN, NH
in is generated Deng reducing medium generation reduction reaction
2.Experiment proves, in burning situation, the content of oxygen exists substantial connection between the final formation volume of fuel type NOx, and the content of oxygen is lower, and the nitrogen in coal dust is converted into N
2amount more, make the nitrogen content that enters in the coal dust in burner hearth fewer, the final formation volume reducing fuel type NOx.Dense phase pulverized coal passage 211 owing to keeping isolating with light phase coal dust channel 221, thus can make the coal dust extended residence time under low oxygen conditions of burning; And along with the minimizing of air capacity, oxygen content reduces, and reducing atmosphere degree constantly increases, and the nitrogen in coal dust is converted into N
2amount more; This just provides prerequisite for the fuel type NOx emission reducing the whole combustion process of coal dust, thus effectively can reduce the discharge capacity of pulverized-coal fired boiler NOx.
Compared with prior art, in the present embodiment, dense phase pulverized coal air-flow, in dense phase pulverized coal passage 211 combustion, can avoid Secondary Air to the harmful effect of dense phase pulverized coal air-flow, the dense phase pulverized coal air-flow time of staying under low oxygen conditions of prolonging combustion state, make the N that the more nitrogen in coal dust is formed
2, thus provide condition for the discharge capacity more effectively reducing pulverized-coal fired boiler NOx.
Embodiment two
Please refer to Fig. 2, this figure is the structural representation of a kind of coal burner that the embodiment of the present invention two provides.Different from embodiment one, the present embodiment provides coal burner also to comprise double-deck taper 400 and double-deck liptinite 500.
The convergent dividing plate 410 that double-deck taper 400 comprises converging transition 420 and extends along coal dust flow direction, in this example, converging transition 420 and convergent dividing plate 410 are the tubular structure of circular cross-section, and the two center line roughly overlaps, and form double-decker.Space in converging transition 420 is divided into the light phase coal dust channel 421 of convergent of convergent dense phase pulverized coal passage 411 and ring-type by convergent dividing plate 410; Wherein, the passage section of convergent dense phase pulverized coal passage 411 front end is greater than the passage section of its rear end, and the passage section of convergent light phase coal dust channel 421 front end is also greater than the passage section of its rear end.Converging transition 420 front end connects with main paragraph 220 rear end, convergent dividing plate 410 front end connects with dividing plate 210 rear end, and the front end of convergent dense phase pulverized coal passage 411 front end and convergent light phase coal dust channel 421 is communicated with the rear end of light phase coal dust channel 221 with the rear end of dense phase pulverized coal passage 211 respectively.Dense phase pulverized coal gas stream burning forms pulverized coal flame when by convergent dense phase pulverized coal passage 421, passage section due to convergent dense phase pulverized coal passage 421 front end is greater than the passage section of its rear end, the flowing velocity that dense phase pulverized coal burning can be made to form pulverized coal flame increases, improve the momentum of pulverized coal flame, to meet the needs of boiler furnace combustion tissue.
The stable section dividing plate 510 that double-deck liptinite 500 comprises stable section 520 and extends along coal dust flow direction, in this example, stable section 520 and stable section dividing plate 510 are respectively the tubular structure of circular cross-section, and the two center line roughly overlaps, and form double-decker.Space in stable section 520 is divided into stable section dense phase pulverized coal passage 511 and the light phase coal dust channel 521 of stable section by stable section dividing plate 510, and the passage section of stable section dense phase pulverized coal passage 511 front end is substantially equal to the passage section of its rear end, the passage section of stable section light phase coal dust channel 521 front end is also substantially equal to the passage section of its rear end.Stable section 520 front end connects with converging transition 420 rear end, stable section dividing plate 510 front end connects with convergent dividing plate 410 rear end, and the front end of stable section dense phase pulverized coal passage 511 front end and stable section light phase coal dust channel 521 is communicated with the rear end of the light phase coal dust channel 421 of convergent with the rear end of convergent dense phase pulverized coal passage 411 respectively.Pulverized coal flame is when by stable section dense phase pulverized coal passage 511, passage section due to stable section dense phase pulverized coal passage 511 front end is substantially equal to the passage section of its rear end, formation pulverized coal flame can be made more even, and enter boiler furnace in a parallel manner, meet the needs of burning tissues in boiler furnace, and then improve the stability of boiler furnace coal dust firing.
In the present embodiment, Pulverized Coal Concentration device in Pulverized Coal Concentration section also comprises the shrinkage cavity section 140 that front end passage section is greater than the passage section of rear end, and shrinkage cavity section 140 rear end connects with the front end of the conical cylinder section 130 as inner core, front end is relative with the part that outer arc is partial in elbow 110 rear end.Because shrinkage cavity section 140 front end passage section is greater than the passage section of rear end, shrinkage cavity section 140 can produce current balance function to dense phase pulverized coal air-flow, makes the coal dust distribution in dense phase pulverized coal air-flow more even, for the reduction of nitrogen oxide provides advantage.
In addition, the present embodiment is also provided with quick igniting device 600.As Fig. 3, this figure is the enlarged drawing of the quick igniting device in Fig. 2, and the position relationship of quick igniting device and igniting thermal source is shown simultaneously.In this example, quick igniting device 600 comprises front end passage section and is greater than the straight tube 620 that the cone cylinder 610 of rear end passage section and front end connect with cone cylinder 610 rear end, this straight tube 620 front end passage section and rear end passage section roughly equal; And cone cylinder 610 is enclosed within igniting thermal source 310 outside.Because the front end passage section of boring cylinder 610 is greater than rear end passage section, when breeze airflow is by this cone cylinder 610, cone cylinder 610 can concentrate further by by the breeze airflow near igniting thermal source 310, to make igniting thermal source 310 more easily firing coal-dust, improve stability and the reliability of igniting; Being appreciated that the bus of cone cylinder 610 is not limited to straight line, also can be curve, to form the cone barrel structure of the curved change of passage section.Arranging the roughly equal straight tube 620 of front end passage section and rear end passage section in cone cylinder 610 rear end can avoid outside breeze airflow facing to the adverse effect of kindling powder, improves the combustion stability of the coal dust that catches fire, and burning for follow-up reproducibility provides good basis.When ensureing to light a fire rear coal dust firing stability, the object of quick igniting only can be realized with cone cylinder 610; Front end passage section and the roughly equal straight tube of rear end passage section also only can be set, Ignition Stability and reliability can be improved equally.Certainly, according to the difference of igniting thermal source 310 position, quick igniting device 600 also can be arranged on corresponding position.
Embodiment three
Please refer to Fig. 4, this figure is the structural representation of the coal burner that the embodiment of the present invention three provides.Compared with embodiment two, in embodiment three, the inner core of its Pulverized Coal Concentration device also comprises series winding bend pipe 150. bend pipe 150 of contacting and comprises two connected, that wrap direction is contrary bend pipes, and two bend pipe center lines in one plane, thus form a serpentine tubular structure; The front end of this series winding bend pipe 150 is relative with the part of the deflection outer arc of elbow 110 rear end, and rear end connects with conical cylinder section 130 front end; Like this, conical cylinder section 130 front end just can be communicated by the part of the series winding bend pipe 150 of serpentine tubular structure with the deflection outer arc of elbow 110 rear end, is entered in Taper Pipe section 130 by series winding bend pipe 150 to make the dense phase pulverized coal air-flow in the breeze airflow of air-coal separating.Deflector 151 is furnished with in the series winding bend pipe 150 of serpentine tubular structure; At the flow direction of breeze airflow, the trend of deflector 151 and the centerline parallel of series winding bend pipe, and in series winding bend pipe 150 radial extension; Preferred deflector 151 both sides are connected with series winding bend pipe 150 inwall, and series winding bend pipe 150 inner space is divided into two parts.Deflector 151 plays the effect to coal dust flow guiding.Series winding bend pipe 150 can utilize pulverized coal particle inertia different, dense phase pulverized coal air-flow is made to carry out air-coal separating further, and the breeze airflow part making concentration higher contacts with igniting thermal source 310, ensure the reliability of igniting, the burning hot source 310 of preferred point is placed in the appropriate location of series winding bend pipe 150 rear end near serpentine tubular structure.
In addition, in this example, be also provided with in dense phase pulverized coal passage from front end to the flow-disturbing part 230 that rear end passage section constantly changes.Flow-disturbing part 230 can have multiple concrete structure, can arrange the platy structure such as the deflector that forms sharp angle between bearing of trend with breeze airflow flow direction or back flow plate, current limiting plate that bearing of trend is vertical with breeze airflow flow direction, can also be the platy structure of perforate.As long as on breeze airflow flow direction, flow-disturbing part 230 passage section is change, namely on breeze airflow flow direction, flow-disturbing part 230 passage section has predetermined change, part breeze airflow just can be made to change flow direction, flow-disturbing is formed to pulverized coal flame, makes the temperature field in dense phase pulverized coal gas channel more even, and then make more nitrogen in coal dust change N into
2.Certainly, in other embodiments, suitable flow-disturbing part 230 also can be set.
Embodiment four
Please refer to Fig. 5, this figure is the structural representation of a kind of coal burner that the embodiment of the present invention four provides.Different from above-described embodiment, in this example, main paragraph 220 and dividing plate 210 are not limited to form double-layer barrel structure, the center line of the dividing plate 210 of tubular structure can offset from body section 220 center line, and form light thick coal culm distribution of air flow in coal burner exit, to adjust the combustion organizational structure in burner hearth, adapt to actual needs.Wherein, dividing plate 210 is not limited to circular tubular structure, also can be the platy structure extended along coal dust flow direction, as long as the space in main paragraph 220 is divided into two passages, make dense phase pulverized coal air-flow keep isolating with light phase breeze airflow, just can realize object of the present invention.Equally, convergent dividing plate 410 and stable section dividing plate 510 also can change accordingly, form multiple concrete structure.
According to the description of the various embodiments described above, can find out, realizing breeze airflow air-coal separating in First air can also utilize other Pulverized Coal Concentration devices of the prior art to realize, can be such as shutter Pulverized Coal Concentration device disclosed in sharp document CN2157400, block Pulverized Coal Concentration device etc. disclosed in patent document CN1477330; Can also be the combination of multiple or multiple Pulverized Coal Concentration device, to meet actual needs.
In addition, compared with prior art, because the dense phase pulverized coal passage 211 of coal burner forms the space supplying coal dust firing; In order to the needs of satisfied burning, improve the service life of coal burner, at dense phase pulverized coal passage 211 internal face, the refractory lining be made up of ceramic material can also be set, to meet the needs of coal dust firing.When dividing plate 210 cross section is loop configuration, the position arranging refractory lining can be the inner surface of dividing plate 210; When dividing plate 210 is platy structure, the position arranging refractory lining can be the surface towards dense phase pulverized coal passage 211 of dividing plate 210 and main paragraph 220.Such one side can improve the wearability of dense phase pulverized coal passage 211 inwall and prevent high temperature corrosion, thus extends the service life of coal burner; On the other hand, the refractory lining made due to ceramic material has lower heat conductivity, can keep the temperature of dense phase pulverized coal passage 211 like this, for breeze airflow burning under low oxygen conditions provides more excellent environment, the more nitrogen in coal dust is converted into N
2.
Same reason, in order to adapt to the needs of dense phase pulverized coal passage 211 as combustion space, can also be provided with pore, and this pore is communicated with predetermined source of the gas on the internal face of dense phase pulverized coal passage 211.The air with predetermined pressure can be made like this to import in dense phase pulverized coal passage 211, and the air of importing not only can stir dense phase pulverized coal air-flow, can also cool the inwall of dense phase pulverized coal passage 211, purges dust stratification on dense phase pulverized coal passage 211 inwall, prevents slagging scorification.Predetermined source of the gas can by light phase coal dust channel 221 with the internal face of dense phase pulverized coal passage 211 be provided with pore communicate; When dense phase pulverized coal passage 211 inwall and main paragraph 220 partially overlap, predetermined source of the gas can be made directly to communicate with the pore on dense phase pulverized coal passage 211 internal face.
On the basis of the above-mentioned coal burner provided, additionally provide a kind of pulverized-coal fired boiler, this pulverized-coal fired boiler comprises burner hearth and any one coal burner above-mentioned, above-mentioned coal burner is arranged on burner hearth, and dense phase pulverized coal passage 211 and light phase coal dust channel 221 are communicated with burner hearth, dense phase pulverized coal air flow energy after burning to make reproducibility gets at and reaches in burner hearth, then in burner hearth, proceed burning.Because coal burner has above-mentioned technique effect, the pulverized-coal fired boiler comprising this coal burner also has corresponding technique effect.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. a coal burner, the Pulverized Coal Concentration section be connected before and after comprising and main paragraph, described Pulverized Coal Concentration section has Pulverized Coal Concentration device, forms the through-flow portion of dense phase pulverized coal and the light through-flow portion of phase coal dust, it is characterized in that, also comprise igniting thermal source in described Pulverized Coal Concentration section; Have the dividing plate extended along coal dust flow direction in described main paragraph, the space in described main paragraph is at least divided into dense phase pulverized coal passage and light phase coal dust channel by described dividing plate; The rear end in described dense phase pulverized coal is through-flow portion is corresponding with the front end of described dense phase pulverized coal passage and the front end of light phase coal dust channel respectively with the rear end in the light through-flow portion of phase coal dust; Described igniting thermal source is arranged in the through-flow portion of dense phase pulverized coal or dense phase pulverized coal passage; Described Pulverized Coal Concentration device comprises elbow, urceolus and is positioned at the inner core of urceolus, and the front-end and back-end of described urceolus connect with the front end of described elbow rear end and main paragraph respectively; The passage section that described inner core comprises front end is less than the conical cylinder section of the passage section of rear end; Described conical cylinder section rear end is connected with the front end of dense phase pulverized coal passage, and the part that outer arc is partial to described elbow rear end in front end communicates.
2. coal burner according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises quick igniting device, and described quick igniting device comprises front end passage section and equals the cone cylinder that the straight tube of rear end passage section or front end passage section be greater than rear end passage section; Described igniting thermal source is arranged in described cone cylinder or straight tube.
3. coal burner according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the convergent dividing plate also comprising converging transition and extend along coal dust flow direction, space in described converging transition is divided into convergent dense phase pulverized coal passage and the light phase coal dust channel of convergent by described convergent dividing plate, and the passage section of the front end of described convergent dense phase pulverized coal passage is greater than the passage section of its rear end; The front end of described convergent dense phase pulverized coal passage and the front end of convergent light phase coal dust channel communicate with the rear end of light phase coal dust channel with the rear end of described dense phase pulverized coal passage respectively.
4. coal burner according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, the stable section dividing plate also comprising stable section and extend along coal dust flow direction, space in described stable section is divided into stable section dense phase pulverized coal passage and the light phase coal dust channel of stable section by described stable section dividing plate, and the passage section of the front end of described stable section dense phase pulverized coal passage equals the passage section of its rear end; The front end of described stable section dense phase pulverized coal passage and the front end of stable section light phase coal dust channel communicate with the rear end of the light phase coal dust channel of convergent with the rear end of described convergent dense phase pulverized coal passage respectively.
5. coal burner according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the passage section that described Pulverized Coal Concentration device also comprises front end is greater than the shrinkage cavity section of the passage section of rear end; The rear end of described shrinkage cavity section connects with the front end of described inner core, and the front end of described shrinkage cavity section is relative with the part of the deflection outer arc of the rear end of described elbow.
6. coal burner according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described inner core also comprises series winding bend pipe, and described series winding bend pipe comprises two connected, that wrap direction is contrary bend pipes; The front end of described series winding bend pipe is relative with the part of the deflection outer arc of the rear end of described elbow, and rear end connects with the front end of described conical cylinder section.
7. coal burner according to claim 6, is characterized in that, is furnished with deflector in described series winding bend pipe; At the flow direction of breeze airflow, the trend of deflector and the centerline parallel of series winding bend pipe.
8. the coal burner according to any one of claim 1-7, is characterized in that, is also provided with flow-disturbing part in described dense phase pulverized coal passage; On breeze airflow flow direction, the passage section of described flow-disturbing part has predetermined change.
9. the coal burner according to any one of claim 1-7, is characterized in that, the internal face of described dense phase pulverized coal passage is also provided with the refractory lining be made up of ceramic material.
10. the coal burner according to any one of claim 1-7, is characterized in that, the internal face of described dense phase pulverized coal passage is provided with pore, and described pore is connected with predetermined source of the gas.
11. coal burners according to any one of claim 1-7, is characterized in that, described dividing plate forms tubular structure; Described dividing plate inner chamber forms dense phase pulverized coal passage, forms light phase coal dust channel between described dividing plate outside wall surface with main paragraph internal face.
12. 1 kinds of pulverized-coal fired boilers, comprise burner hearth, it is characterized in that, also comprise the coal burner described in any one of claim 1-11, and described coal burner is arranged on burner hearth.
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| CN201010529378.2A CN102454985B (en) | 2010-11-01 | 2010-11-01 | Pulverized coal burner and pulverized coal boiler |
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| CN201010529378.2A CN102454985B (en) | 2010-11-01 | 2010-11-01 | Pulverized coal burner and pulverized coal boiler |
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| CN102454985B true CN102454985B (en) | 2015-04-08 |
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| CN112781035A (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2021-05-11 | 烟台龙源电力技术股份有限公司 | Offset pulverized coal burner and combustion system |
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| JP2776572B2 (en) * | 1989-07-17 | 1998-07-16 | バブコツク日立株式会社 | Pulverized coal burner |
| JP2781222B2 (en) * | 1989-09-25 | 1998-07-30 | バブコツク日立株式会社 | Pulverized coal combustion equipment |
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| CN2126893Y (en) * | 1992-06-23 | 1993-02-10 | 浙江大学 | Large measurement range, variable load, concentration or dilute phase coal powder burning device |
| JP3050408B2 (en) * | 1994-12-27 | 2000-06-12 | バラード パワー システムズ インコーポレイティド | End manifold assembly for an electrochemical fuel cell stack |
| JP3110308B2 (en) * | 1996-04-03 | 2000-11-20 | 株式会社ユニックス | Partition structure |
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