CN102454559A - 齿轮箱输入轴与转子旋转轴之间的接头 - Google Patents

齿轮箱输入轴与转子旋转轴之间的接头 Download PDF

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CN102454559A
CN102454559A CN2011103191420A CN201110319142A CN102454559A CN 102454559 A CN102454559 A CN 102454559A CN 2011103191420 A CN2011103191420 A CN 2011103191420A CN 201110319142 A CN201110319142 A CN 201110319142A CN 102454559 A CN102454559 A CN 102454559A
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胡安·雷丁·米克莱斯
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Gamesa Eolica SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
    • F03D15/10—Transmission of mechanical power using gearing not limited to rotary motion, e.g. with oscillating or reciprocating members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/60—Cooling or heating of wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D1/00—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements
    • F16D1/06—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end
    • F16D1/076—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end by clamping together two faces perpendicular to the axis of rotation, e.g. with bolted flanges
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D1/00—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements
    • F16D1/06—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end
    • F16D1/08—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end with clamping hub; with hub and longitudinal key
    • F16D1/0876—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end with clamping hub; with hub and longitudinal key with axial keys and no other radial clamping
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/60—Shafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/30—Retaining components in desired mutual position
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B2200/00—Constructional details of connections not covered for in other groups of this subclass
    • F16B2200/50—Flanged connections
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49863—Assembling or joining with prestressing of part
    • Y10T29/49865—Assembling or joining with prestressing of part by temperature differential [e.g., shrink fit]

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

齿轮箱输入轴与转子旋转轴之间的接合由一个结合的法兰(5)提供，所述法兰联合转子轴(4)的水平表面与法兰(5)的内表面之间的过盈接合和法兰(5)的竖面与同低速轴相对应的齿轮箱(3)的主体的前表面之间的螺栓接合。过盈接合在两表面之间增加一键槽极其其对应的键(9)。本发明还包括具有一温度T1下表面处理的装配方法，在一温度T2下法兰(5)在炉灶中加热，将法兰(5)结合到转子旋转轴(4)上，所述转子旋转轴具有与一键(9)对齐的键槽，随后冷却和最后在法兰(5)与齿轮箱(3)之间螺栓接合。

Description

齿轮箱输入轴与转子旋转轴之间的接头
技术领域
本发明涉及风力涡轮机转子的轴与变更所述轴的转数以将其调整至发电机所要求的转数的齿轮箱之间的接头。
前述内容包括用于清洁能源或可再生能源生产的风力涡轮机。
背景技术
驱动机构的标准设计包括将齿轮箱和发电机置于风力涡轮机转子后侧并在吊舱内。这是最紧凑的结构。在这种结构中，转子旋转轴设计和其与驱动机构的集合是风力涡轮机构造设计中的最基本点之一。
通常情况下，转子旋转轴和齿轮箱之间的接头是在车间被制造的，一旦被装配，其被安装在吊舱内，然后被运输到现场用于安装。
转子旋转轴被安装在单独的轴承上，并且通过摩擦型(扼流)接合或螺栓接合连接到齿轮箱旋转轴。在某些设备中的这种接合采用一种安装在形成转子轴和齿轮箱轴的联合体外部的轴环。转子轴被插入到齿轮箱轴上的孔中。液压(或机械)轴环将带有转子轴的空心轴压紧，并通过摩擦传输扭转力矩。
对于具有整体紧凑排布的设备，接头是螺栓接合的并且一个附加物被用于获得更有效的摩擦表面，正如欧洲专利EP2075466所述。
但是，这些类型的接头可能导致如下问题：
对于具有整体紧凑排布的设备，螺栓接合和用在接头上的附加物几乎没有表现出模块性，并且其维护需要吊舱内的操纵空间。由轴环构成的接头在元件的轴向运动期间需要精确调制，更不必说构成轴环材料的高昂价格。
本领域的螺栓接头使用螺栓和螺钉的组合，以确保法兰比相应通过摩擦单独传送扭矩的要小。这被用来避免齿轮箱轴承、轴本身和法兰的尺寸的不佳。然而，摩擦型接头对于安装和拆卸是更加通用的，并且更好的分布功和张力。
驱动机构的装配和随后的保养/维护是高度实质性的并直接地影响风力涡轮机的成本。转子轴传输大量的应力并且其与齿轮箱轴的接合必须被极详细地计算。这些元件为旋转轴并且通常被它们的相应盖子覆盖。它们的可替换性和可达性必须被记住。
发明内容
主要由于空间问题，这种新的设计包含附有过盈接合的模块化、多功能性和坚固性的螺栓接合的联合的开发。
因此，本发明的一个目的是获得一种较目前市场上那些要轻的驱动机构。
本发明的另一个目的是实现更简单的装配和反过来的拆卸(为了齿轮箱的更换)。
同样地，本发明的另一个目的是设计并利用一种法兰作为接合中的单一件，所述法兰由结构钢形成并能够承受在装配期间升高的温度。
最后，本发明的另一个目的是接头由一个法兰提供，所述法兰联合过盈接合和借助摩擦力的螺栓接合。
上述目的通过提供一种结合的法兰(banded flange)和一种具体的装配方法来实现，所述方法先加热法兰，关键在于造成装配过盈的应力。在缓慢的加热过程之前，所述法兰件经过表面处理使法兰得到抗腐蚀保护并且其摩擦系数增大。结合的法兰表现为被指定为承受疲劳载荷的压力元件。键槽和其相对应的键(位于接合的部件之间)为极端应力带来差动，并且减少了接合(band)的尺寸。
这种新的设计的主要优点是成本和重量的减少，以及法兰紧固到轴上的坚固性。
附图说明
为了解释转子旋转轴和齿轮箱输入轴装配的优选方法，在此包括以下附图：
图1示出了转子毂和包括转子轴和齿轮箱的驱动机构部分；
图2示出了毂和转子轴的另外一个透视图，具有结合的法兰的示意；
图3示出了上述附图的一个截面；
图4示出了两个部件均具有四分之一截面的转子轴和结合的法兰。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，所示的风力涡轮机转子1是用于三个叶片(图中未示出)的螺旋型。相较于单或双叶片的转子，这种类型的转子1具有增强的结构和空气动力稳定性。能量转化过程涉及将风的动能转化为机械能的转子1、通过齿轮箱3将风力涡轮机中产生的机械动力传输到电力发电机(未示出)的驱动机构2和最终将机械能转换为电力的发电机。
驱动机构2或者说机械传动系统，包括将机械扭矩传输到旋转轴的风力涡轮机的所有元件和部件。因为电力发电机的转速与风力转子1的转速不一致，因此而需要齿轮箱3。齿轮箱3的主体将其相应的低速部分连接到转子轴4或低速轴。最重要的设计参数是在标称条件下由转子轴4传输的扭矩，尽管该扭矩遭受实质变差(substantial variations)。
除了机械制动器的位置和是否具有机械阻尼器以降低振荡扭矩值的传输以外，齿轮箱3的运行率是其与转子轴4的连接。
在图2中，转子轴4已经与一个法兰5装配，法兰5外部包围所述轴4。所述法兰5是由两个同心环结合的单一部件：第一环6具有的宽度大于其高度，第二环7具有的宽度小于前一个并且具有较大的高度或者外径。该第二环7具有朝向模块(齿轮箱和转子轴)的轴的贯穿孔8。转子轴4的水平表面与法兰5的内表面之间的接合为过盈接合。
法兰5的竖面或与第二环7对应的部分与齿轮箱3主体的前表面之间的接合为摩阻式螺栓接合。如图3、4所示，转子轴4与法兰5的内表面之间的过盈接合在接触表面的一部分上增加一个键槽和其相应的键9。
存在于应力状态中的变化被认为在疲劳载荷谱内。存在于极端条件中的最大疲劳扭矩和最大扭矩由结合的法兰(banded flange)5和键9的联合所承受，键是负载差动元件。前述事项与分布在标准IEC 61400的载荷谱相一致。
法兰5的装配方法类似于用于沉溺元件(lost elements)的方法：被加热并被安置在它们的位置上，它们被看作是沉溺(lost)(例如用于轴承的壳)。法兰5在炉灶中被加热，当其加热很高时，对表面处理没有损害。
表面处理预先地完成以使其能够适当地经受接合温度(bandingtemperature)。所述表面处理因此被应用到第一环6和第二环7两者的表面。
一旦被加热，法兰5安装到转子轴4上。为了联合负载、加热中的困难和干涉，键9被添加到转子轴4，其同法兰5中的键槽一起，在接合中创造充分的平衡。键9的使用有助于保持装配温度下降，而且有助于降低重量并因此降低法兰的成本。
在结合的元件(banded element)充分冷却后，由法兰组件5所表示的表面与由齿轮箱组件3所表示的孔相对立。然后其由受力于牵引力并且平行于组件的轴安装的螺栓穿越。扭转力通过摩擦传递。

Claims (5)

1.一种齿轮箱输入轴与转子旋转轴之间的接头，其特征在于，两元件之间的连接由一个结合的法兰提供，所述法兰联合：
转子轴(4)的水平表面与法兰(5)的内表面之间的过盈接合；和
法兰(5)的竖面与同转子旋转轴相对应的齿轮箱组件(3)的前表面之间的螺栓接合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的齿轮箱输入轴与转子旋转轴之间的接头，其特征在于，一个键槽包括在转子旋转轴(4)与法兰(5)的内表面之间的过盈接合中，并且一个键(9)同样地包括在其内。
3.根据权利要求1所述的齿轮箱输入轴与转子旋转轴之间的接头，其特征在于，法兰为独立的部分并由结构钢构成。
4.一种齿轮箱输入轴与转子旋转轴之间的连接方法，其特征在于，达到一个温度，例如可以被充分经受以用于接合温度，在开始装配过程之前，法兰(5)于一个适当温度下在炉灶中被加热，结合在转子旋转轴(4)上，给予冷却并最终紧固到齿轮箱(3)上，其中，所述旋转轴具有与键(9)结合的键槽。
5.根据权利要求4所述的齿轮箱输入轴与转子旋转轴之间的连接方法，其特征在于，法兰组件(5)上的一些孔(8)相对于齿轮箱组件(3)上的另一些孔对齐，并由受力于牵引力且平行于齿轮箱组件(3)的轴/轴(4)设置的螺栓穿过，并且通过摩擦传递扭矩。
CN201110319142.0A 2010-10-18 2011-10-18 齿轮箱输入轴与转子旋转轴之间的接头 Expired - Fee Related CN102454559B (zh)

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CN103307124B (zh) * 2013-07-03 2015-08-19 中国航空动力机械研究所 高速转子定位联结结构
EP3563068B1 (en) * 2016-12-29 2020-09-09 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Insulated shaft joint
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EP2441954A3 (en) 2014-05-21
ES2599865T3 (es) 2017-02-03
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US9145870B2 (en) 2015-09-29

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