CN102448657B

CN102448657B - Welding method

Info

Publication number: CN102448657B
Application number: CN201080025068.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 堀久司; 濑尾伸城; 佐藤勇人; 河本知广
Original assignee: Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd
Current assignee: Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd
Priority date: 2009-06-01
Filing date: 2010-04-15
Publication date: 2014-10-29
Anticipated expiration: 2030-04-15
Also published as: CN102448657A; TWI405631B; CN103817428A; CN103817428B; JP5381344B2; TW201043370A; KR20120024868A; JP2010274320A; WO2010140428A1; KR101250708B1

Abstract

Provided is a friction stir welding method for welding together a pair of metal members, wherein the flatness of the metal members is improved. The welding method comprises a first welding step that conducts friction stir welding by moving a welding rotation tool from the front side (side A) of metal members along the abutting section (J1) of each metal member and a second welding step that conducts friction stir welding by moving the welding rotation tool (H) from the back side (side B) of the metal members along the abutting section (J1) after the first welding step. The welding method is characterized by the fact that the input of heat to the metal members in the second welding step is less than the input of heat to the metal members in the first welding step.

Description

Joint method

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of joint method that hardware is engaged with each other.

Background technology

As the method that hardware is engaged with each other, known have friction to stir joint (FSW=Friction Stir Welding).In friction, stir in joint, make rotation edge, throw limit hardware docking section each other and move, utilize the frictional heat of throw and hardware that the plastic deformation of docking section is flowed, thereby make hardware do each other solidstate bonding.Throw generally stirs pin (probe) outstanding being provided with in the lower surface of cylindrical shoulder.

For example, following technology is disclosed in patent documentation 1: to hardware dock each other and form be engaged hardware, from being engaged the face side of hardware, rubbing and stir the first formal bonding process of engaging and from rub the second formal bonding process of stirring joint of rear side.In the first formal bonding process and the second formal bonding process of this joint method, use identical throw, with identical condition (amount of being pressed into of throw, feed speed etc.), rubbing to stir engages.According to this joint method, owing to can crossing the whole stirring that rubs of depth direction of docking section, therefore can improve watertightness and the air-tightness of bonding part.

In the first formal bonding process of joint method in the past, from being engaged the face side of hardware, being pressed into throw and rubbing and stir while engaging, on the surface that is engaged hardware, be formed with plastification region.In the first formal bonding process, utilize the throw of High Rotation Speed to after being engaged hardware heating, be engaged hardware cooling, the face side that is therefore engaged hardware may be deformed into because of thermal contraction concavity.

But, due in joint method in the past, also from being engaged the rear side of hardware, rubbing and stir to engage, if rub and stir joint with the condition identical with face side, side also can produce the thermal contraction identical with face side overleaf, is engaged hardware and becomes smooth.

Patent documentation

Patent documentation 1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open 2005-131666 communique

Summary of the invention

Invent technical problem to be solved

In the first formal bonding process, owing to being engaged hardware, contact with the work top that mounting is engaged hardware, the hot part that throw applies is discarded to workbench (heat radiation) from being engaged the back side integral body of hardware.But in the second formal bonding process, due to the first formal bonding process, to make to be engaged hardware crooked because of thermal contraction, therefore forms the stirring that rub under gapped state between hardware and workbench and engage being engaged.By this, in the second formal bonding process, emit hot path and tail off, therefore compare with the first formal bonding process, heat dissipation capacity can tail off.

Compare with the first formal bonding process, in the second formal bonding process, residue in the heat being engaged in hardware and become many, therefore bending is excessively corrected, and makes the back face deformation that is engaged hardware become concavity.That is, even the surface that is engaged hardware and the back side are rubbed to stir under identical condition, engages, heat residual in being engaged hardware also can be unbalanced, has the problem that hardware is out of shape that is engaged.

From this viewpoint, technical problem of the present invention is to provide a kind of joint method, in the friction that engages pair of metal member, stirs in joint, can improve the flatness of hardware.

The technical scheme that technical solution problem adopts

The joint method of the present invention solving the problems of the technologies described above comprises: the first formal bonding process, in this operation, makes formal joint move along hardware docking section each other with throw, from the face side of the above-mentioned hardware stirring joint that rub; And the second formal bonding process, this operation is after the above-mentioned first formal bonding process, formal joint moved along above-mentioned docking section with throw, from the rear side of above-mentioned hardware, rub to stir and engage, wherein, the heat that enters above-mentioned hardware in the above-mentioned second formal bonding process is set for fewer than the heat that enters above-mentioned hardware in the above-mentioned first formal bonding process.

Mainly consider, remaining in calorimeter that friction stir to engage and being shown remaining heat (J)=add heat-heat dissipation capacity, if the first formal bonding process is equated with the remaining heat of the second formal bonding process, be engaged hardware and can become smooth.

According to this joint method, due to the second formal bonding process add heat than in the first formal bonding process to add heat few, can prevent from residuing in the unbalanced of heat in the hardware after joint.By this, can prevent that hardware is crooked in the second formal bonding process, thereby can improve the flatness of hardware.

In addition it is little with throw that the formal joint using in the above-mentioned second formal bonding process, cans be compared to throw the formal joint using in the above-mentioned first formal bonding process most.In addition,, in the above-mentioned second formal bonding process, preferably with the above-mentioned formal joint than in the above-mentioned first formal bonding process, by the fast feed speed of the feed speed of throw, rubbing to stir engages.According to this joint method, can easily the heat that adds in the second formal bonding process be set lessly.

In addition, after being preferably in the above-mentioned second formal bonding process, carry out correction process, with the stirring that rubs of the face side from above-mentioned hardware or rear side.According to this joint method, even if do not correct crooked in the situation that, also can correct to improve by correction process the flatness of hardware in the second formal bonding process.

In addition, in the above-mentioned second formal bonding process, preferably make above-mentioned formal joint enter formed plastification region in the above-mentioned first formal bonding process with the stirring pin of throw, and rub and stir joint.According to this joint method, plastification region overlapping, and the front in plastification region is by friction stirring again, therefore can improve air-tightness and the watertightness of bonding part.

In addition, be preferably in and utilize stationary fixture above-mentioned hardware to be fixed under the state of workbench, carry out the above-mentioned first formal bonding process and the above-mentioned second formal bonding process.According to this joint method, can improve friction and stir the workability engaging.

In addition, comparatively it is desirable to, above-mentioned formal joint comprises with throw: shoulder, and it consists of the metal harder than above-mentioned hardware; Stir pin, its outstanding lower surface central authorities that are arranged at above-mentioned shoulder, form the thin circular cone shape of front end; And agitator, its outer peripheral face at above-mentioned stirring pin is carved and is set as helical form, and wherein, the length of above-mentioned stirring pin is set as 1.33～2.03 with the ratio of the maximum outside diameter of above-mentioned stirring pin.

According to this joint method, stir pin and be difficult for bending and can rub being stirred to putting compared with deep-seated of hardware.When this ratio is less than 1.33, the load meeting of friction agitating device is become to large, and become improper.In addition, stir pin and shorten, be difficult to the depths that friction is stirred to hardware.On the other hand, when this ratio is greater than 2.03, stir the easy bending of pin.

In addition, comparatively it is desirable to, above-mentioned formal joint comprises with throw: shoulder, and it consists of the metal harder than above-mentioned hardware; Stir pin, its outstanding lower surface central authorities that are arranged at above-mentioned shoulder, form the thin circular cone shape of front end; And agitator, its outer peripheral face at above-mentioned stirring pin is carved and is set as helical form, and wherein, the maximum outside diameter of above-mentioned stirring pin is set as 2.00～2.67 with the ratio of the minimum outer diameter of above-mentioned stirring pin.

According to this joint method, the resistance of pressing in the time of making to stir pin and be pressed into hardware becomes less, and can rub and be stirred to the depth location of hardware.When this ratio is less than 2.00, the maximum gauge that stirs pin is too small, makes stirring sell the adding shortage of heat of front end and produces joint defect.In addition, it is large that the resistance while being pressed into hardware becomes, and is difficult for stirring pin to be pressed into hardware.On the other hand, when this ratio surpasses 2.67, the maximum gauge that stirs pin is excessive, metal is overflowed and produces blemish.In addition, be difficult for stirring pin to be pressed into depth location.

In addition, comparatively it is desirable to, above-mentioned formal joint comprises with throw: shoulder, and it consists of the metal harder than above-mentioned hardware; Stir pin, its outstanding lower surface central authorities that are arranged at above-mentioned shoulder, form the thin circular cone shape of front end; And agitator, its outer peripheral face at above-mentioned stirring pin is carved and is set as helical form, and wherein, the external diameter of above-mentioned shoulder is set as 1.56～2.14 with the ratio of the maximum outside diameter of above-mentioned stirring pin.

According to this joint method, stir the more difficult bending of pin, and can reduce the burr that produce because of friction stirring.When this ratio is less than 1.56, metal overflows and produces blemish from shoulder.On the other hand, when this ratio 2.14 is large, the load meeting of friction agitating device is become large and becomes improper.

In addition, be preferably in the lower surface of above-mentioned shoulder, in the mode of the surrounding around above-mentioned stirring pin, outstanding be provided with to overlook be Vorticose stirring ridge body.According to this joint method, can improve friction and stir the stirring efficiency engaging.

In addition, be preferably in and carry out carrying out preliminary bonding process before the above-mentioned first formal bonding process, in this operation, use is than throw small-sized preliminary joint throw also for the above-mentioned formal joint using in the above-mentioned first formal bonding process, and from the face side of above-mentioned hardware, above-mentioned docking section being rubbed to stir engages.

In addition, be preferably in and carry out carrying out preliminary bonding process before the above-mentioned second formal bonding process, in this operation, use is than throw small-sized preliminary joint throw also for the above-mentioned formal joint using in the above-mentioned second formal bonding process, and from the rear side of above-mentioned hardware, above-mentioned docking section being rubbed to stir engages.

According to this joint method, can, making to carry out formal bonding process under the preliminary state engaging of pair of metal member, therefore can improve workability.

In addition, comparatively it is desirable to, in the above-mentioned first formal bonding process, starting position or end position that friction is stirred are set on the outstanding material of side that is disposed at above-mentioned hardware docking section each other, after the above-mentioned first formal bonding process, carry out repair procedure, in this operation, use than above-mentioned formal joint with throw also small-sized repairing with throw at least in the above-mentioned first formed plastification of formal bonding process region, and the part of the above-mentioned outstanding material adjacency stirring that rubs.

In addition, in the above-mentioned second formal bonding process, starting position or end position that friction is stirred are set on the outstanding material of side that is disposed at above-mentioned hardware docking section each other, after the above-mentioned second formal bonding process, carry out repair procedure, in this operation, use is than throw small-sized repairing throw also for above-mentioned formal joint, at least in the plastification region forming in the above-mentioned second formal bonding process, with the stirring that rubs of the part of above-mentioned outstanding material adjacency.

According to this joint method, even there is joint defect in the plastification region forming in formal bonding process, also can repair air-tightness and watertightness that this joint defect improves bonding part.

Invention effect

According to joint method of the present invention, can easily form the hardware that flatness is high.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the figure of the configuration of hardware, the first outstanding material and the second outstanding material for the first embodiment is described, wherein Fig. 1 (a) is stereogram, Fig. 1 (b) is top view, Fig. 1 (c) is the I-I line cutaway view of Fig. 1 (b), and Fig. 1 (d) is the II-II line cutaway view of Fig. 1 (b).

Fig. 2 (a) is for the side view of throw for preliminary joint is described, Fig. 2 (b) is for the side view of throw for formal joint is described.

Fig. 3 means the stereogram of stationary state of the hardware of the first embodiment.

Fig. 4 means the top view of the first preliminary bonding process of the first embodiment.

Fig. 5 means the cutaway view of the first preliminary bonding process of the first embodiment.

Fig. 6 means the figure of the first formal bonding process of the first embodiment, and Fig. 6 (a) represents starting position, and Fig. 6 (b) represents centre position, and Fig. 6 (c) represents end position.

Fig. 7 means the stereogram after the first formal bonding process of the first embodiment.

Fig. 8 means the cutaway view of the second preliminary bonding process of the first embodiment.

Fig. 9 means the figure of the second formal bonding process of the first embodiment, and Fig. 9 (a) represents starting position, and Fig. 9 (b) represents centre position, and Fig. 9 (c) represents end position.

Figure 10 means the cutaway view of the first embodiment done state.

Figure 11 is that wherein Figure 11 (a) is top view for the figure of the second repair procedure of the second embodiment is described, Figure 11 (b) is cutaway view.

Figure 12 means the top view of the second repair procedure of the second embodiment.

Figure 13 is the cutaway view after the second repair procedure of the second embodiment.

Figure 14 is for the top view of the first repair procedure of the second embodiment is described.

Figure 15 means the cutaway view of the first repair procedure of the second embodiment.

Figure 16 means the figure of the variation of throw, and Figure 16 (a) is sectional view, and Figure 16 (b) is upward view.

Figure 17 is that Figure 17 (a) is stereogram for the figure of embodiment is described, Figure 17 (b) is top view.

The specific embodiment

[the first embodiment]

Then, embodiments of the present invention are described.In the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, exemplified with the situation that hardware 1a, 1b linearity are connected.First, explain hardware 1a, 1b that wish engages, and explain first outstanding material the 2, the second outstanding material 3 using when engaging this hardware 1a, 1b.

Hardware 1a, 1b are the rectangular tabular components in cross section, and it consists of the metal material stirring that can rub such as aluminium, aluminium alloy, copper, copper alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, magnesium, magnesium alloy.In the present embodiment, a side hardware 1a and the opposing party's hardware 1b consist of the metal material of same composition.There is no particular restriction for the shape of hardware 1a, 1b, size, but at the gauge of docking section J1, be at least preferably identical.And, hardware after hardware 1a and hardware 1b docking is called as and is engaged hardware 1, and the surface that is engaged hardware 1 is called as surface A, and the back side is called as back surface B, one side's side is called as the first side C, and the opposing party's side is called as the second side direction D.

The first outstanding material 2 and the second outstanding material 3 are configured to the docking section J1 that clamping is engaged hardware 1, add respectively in being engaged hardware 1, cover and hide the seam (boundary line) that firmly comes across the side that is engaged hardware 1.There is no particular restriction for the material of the first outstanding material 2 and the second outstanding material 3, but in the present embodiment, to form with the metal material that is engaged hardware 1 same composition.In addition, shape, the size of the first outstanding material 2 and the second outstanding material 3 are also not particularly limited, and in the present embodiment, its gauge is identical with the gauge that is engaged hardware 1 at J1 place, docking section.

Then, with reference to Fig. 2, be described in detail in the throw (hereinafter referred to as " formal joint throw G ") using in the throw that uses in preliminary bonding process (hereinafter referred to as " preliminary joint use throw F ") and formal bonding process.

Preliminary joint shown in Fig. 2 (a) is engaged with tool steel geometric ratio the metal material formation that hardware 1 is gone back hard with throw F, has cylindrical shoulder F1 and outstanding stirring pin (probe) F2 that is arranged at the lower surface F11 of this shoulder F1.Although preliminary, engage size with throw F, shape and only need set corresponding to being engaged the material of hardware 1 and thickness etc., at least also small-sized than the formal joint use throw G (with reference to Fig. 2 (b)) using in the described later first formal bonding process.Like this, because available ratio is formal, engaging little load tentatively engages, therefore can lower the load that puts on friction agitating device when preliminary joint, and, preliminary joint can be higher by the translational speed of throw G than formal joint by the translational speed (feed speed) of throw F, therefore can reduce required activity duration of preliminary joint and cost.

The lower surface F11 of shoulder F1 is the pushing mobile metal of plastification and prevent that, towards the position of around dispersing, in the present embodiment, it forms concave shape.Although the external diameter X of shoulder F1 ₁size there is no particular restriction, but in the present embodiment, it is the external diameter Y with the shoulder G1 of throw G than formal joint ₁also little.

Stir pin F2 and hang down from the central authorities of the lower surface F11 of shoulder F1, in the present embodiment, it forms the thin circular cone shape of front end.In addition, stirring on the side face of pin F2, be formed with and be set as spiral helicine agitator quarter.Although there is no particular restriction for the size of the external diameter of stirring pin F2, in the present embodiment, its maximum outside diameter (upper end diameter) X ₂than formal maximum outside diameter (upper end diameter) Y engaging with the stirring pin G2 of throw G ₂little, and its minimum outer diameter (lower end diameter) X ₃than minimum outer diameter (lower end diameter) Y that stirs pin G2 ₃little.Although stir the length L of pin F2 _apreferably 3%～15% of the thickness t that is engaged hardware 1 (with reference to Fig. 1 (c)) of docking section J1 (with reference to Fig. 1 (a)), but the best length L with the stirring pin G2 of throw G than formal joint at least _blittle.

Formal joint shown in Fig. 2 (b) is engaged hardware 1 with throw G by tool steel geometric ratio and goes back the metal material of hard and form, and has cylindrical shoulder G1 and outstanding stirring pin (probe) G2 that is arranged at the lower surface G11 of shoulder G1.

The lower surface G11 of shoulder G1 uses throw F identical with preliminary joint, forms concave shape.Stir pin G2 and hang down from the central authorities of the lower surface G11 of shoulder G1, in the present embodiment, form the thin circular cone shape of front end.In addition, stirring on the side face of pin G2, be formed with and be set as spiral helicine agitator quarter.Stir the length L of pin G2 _bpreferably set more than 1/2, below 3/4 of the thickness t that is engaged hardware 1 that docking section J1 (with reference to Fig. 1 (c)) locates for.

Below, describe the joint method of present embodiment in detail.The joint method of present embodiment comprises (1) first preparatory process, (2) first front travels, (3) first formal bonding processs, (4) second preparatory process, (5) second front travels, (6) second formal bonding processs.And the first front travel and the first formal bonding process are the operations of implementing from being engaged the surface A side of hardware 1, the second front travel and the second formal bonding process are the operations of implementing from being engaged the back surface B side of hardware 1.

(1) first preparatory process

With reference to Fig. 1, the first preparatory process is described.The first preparatory process is starting position that the friction that is engaged hardware 1 that wish engages stirs and end position to be set and the operation of preparing abutting member (the first outstanding material 2 and the second outstanding material 3), in the present embodiment, it comprises: the degreasing process of removing the dirts such as lubricant component of hardware 1a, 1b, the first outstanding material 2 and the second outstanding material 3; The docking operation of docking hardware 1a, 1b; Be engaged the outstanding material 2 of both sides configuration first of the docking section J1 of hardware 1, the outstanding material arrangement step of the second outstanding material 3; By welding, make first outstanding material the 2, second outstanding material 3 and be engaged the preliminary welding sequence engaging of hardware 1; And be fixed on the fixedly operation on workbench by being engaged hardware 1.

In degreasing process, hardware 1a, 1b after face machining, the first outstanding material 2 and the second outstanding material 3 are dipped in ungrease treatment liquid, get rid of processing wet goods lubricant component and dirt on the face that is attached to each member docking.Particularly, respectively to the end face 11,11 of hardware 1a and hardware 1b docking and the side 14, first that is engaged hardware 1a, 1b that hardware 1 dock with the first outstanding material 2 and the second outstanding material 3 bearing surface 21, the second bearing surface 31 of giving prominence to material 3 of giving prominence to material 2 carry out ungrease treatment.Although degreasing process is only empty, at least the face of each member docking is processed, to processing and also can adjacent to the face of interface.

In docking operation, as shown in Fig. 1 (c), make the end face 11 of the opposing party's hardware 1b be close to the end face 11 of a side hardware 1a, and a side the surface 12 of hardware 1a and the surface 12 of the opposing party's hardware 1b are flushed, in addition, a side the back side 13 of hardware 1a and the back side 13 of the opposing party's hardware 1b are flushed.In addition, a side the side 14,14 of hardware 1a and the side 14,14 of the opposing party's hardware 1b are flushed respectively.

In outstanding material arrangement step, as shown in Fig. 1 (b), the first outstanding material 2 is disposed at docking section J1 one distolateral that is engaged hardware 1, its bearing surface 21 is connected to the second side D that is engaged hardware 1, it is distolateral that the second outstanding material 3 is disposed at another of docking section J1, and its bearing surface 31 is connected to the first side C that is engaged hardware 1.Now, as shown in Fig. 1 (d), the surface 32 of the surface 22 of the first outstanding material 2 and the second outstanding material 3 flushes with the surface A that is engaged hardware 1, and the back side 33 of the back side 23 of the first outstanding material 2 and the second outstanding material 3 flushes with the back surface B that is engaged hardware 1.

In welding sequence, as shown in Fig. 1 (a) and Fig. 1 (b), welding is by being engaged bight, inner side 2a, 2a that hardware 1 and the first outstanding material 2 form (, the formed bight, side 24 of the side 14 of hardware 1a, 1b and the first outstanding material 2), thereby engage, be engaged hardware 1 and the first outstanding material 2, welding is by being engaged bight, inner side 3a, 3a that hardware 1 and the second outstanding material 3 form (, the side 14 of hardware 1a, 1b and the second formed bight, side 34 of giving prominence to material 3), thereby engage, be engaged hardware 1 and the second outstanding material 3.And the total length that can cross each bight, inner side is implemented welding continuously, also can implement intermittently welding.

In fixing operation, as shown in Figure 3, by being engaged hardware 1, load on the workbench (stand) 10 of friction agitating device, use 15 restrictions of the stationary fixtures such as clamping plate and it can not be moved.There is no particular restriction for the mode of stationary fixture 15, comprises the screw 15c that is connected to the accessory 15a of the surface A that is engaged hardware 1, the bolt 15b that runs through this accessory 15a and confession bolt 15b screw-in.In the present embodiment, used four stationary fixtures 15, but its quantity indefinite.

(2) first front travels

The first front travel is the operation of carrying out before the first formal bonding process, in the present embodiment, comprising: make to be engaged the first outstanding material bonding process that hardware 1 engages with the docking section J2 of the first outstanding material 2; Make to be engaged the preliminary first preliminary bonding process engaging of docking section J1 of hardware 1; Make to be engaged the second outstanding material bonding process that hardware 1 engages with the docking section J3 of the second outstanding material 3; And the starting position of the stirring of the friction in the first formal bonding process forms the guide hole formation operation of guide hole.

In the first front travel, as shown in Figure 4, preliminary a joint is moved to form the mode of continuous motion track (bead) with throw F, to docking section J2, J1, the J3 stirring that rubs continuously.That is, insert the starting position S that friction is stirred _ppreliminary joint with the stirring pin F2 (with reference to Fig. 2 (a)) of throw F, do not depart from halfway and move to end position E _p, carry out continuously the first outstanding material bonding process, the first preliminary bonding process and the second outstanding material bonding process and implement.And, in the present embodiment, on the first outstanding material 2, the starting position S that friction is stirred is set _p, on the second outstanding material 3, end position E is set _p, but and do not mean that and define starting position S _pwith end position E _pposition.

Order friction in the first front travel being stirred with reference to Fig. 4 is described in detail.First, as shown in Figure 4, make the preliminary starting position S that is positioned at the appropriate location of being located at the first outstanding material 2 with throw F that engages _pdirectly over, then, make preliminary engage to decline and stirring is sold to F2 with right rotation limit, throw F limit be urged to starting position S _p.Preliminary joint by the rotary speed of throw F set corresponding to stirring the material that is engaged hardware 1 etc. of size, the shape of pin F2, the stirring that rub and thickness etc., in most situation, is set in the scope of 500～2000 (rpm).

When stirring the surface 22 of pin F2 contact the first outstanding material 2, because making to stir pin F2 plastic deformationization around, frictional heat flows, and stir pin F2 and insert the first outstanding material 2.Preliminary engage with the insertion speed (decrease speed) of throw F corresponding to stir sell F2 size, shape, be provided with starting position S _pthe material of member and thickness etc. and setting, mostly, in situation, be set in the scope of 30～60 (mm/ divides).

After whole of lower surface F11 who stirs pin F2 integral body and enter the first outstanding material 2 and shoulder F1 contact with the surface 22 of the first outstanding material 2, preliminary joint is relatively moved towards the first starting point s2 that gives prominence to material bonding process with rotation limit, throw F limit.

Preliminary joint by the translational speed (feed speed) of throw F set corresponding to stirring the material that is engaged hardware 1 etc. of size, the shape of pin F2, the stirring that rubbed and thickness etc., in most situation, be set in the scope of 100～1000 (mm/ divides).The preliminary identical or lower speed of rotary speed engaging when the rotary speed when mobile is with insertion with throw F.And, make tentatively to engage while moving with throw F, the rear side towards direct of travel tilts a little with respect to plumb line can to make the axis of shoulder F 1, if but do not tilt and form vertical, preliminary joint becomes easily with the direction transformation of throw F, can do complicated action.When making tentatively to engage while moving with throw F, this stir pin F2 metal around successively plastification flow, and in the position away from stirring pin F2, the mobile metal of plastification is underhardening again.

With throw F, relatively move and after rubbing continuously and being stirred to the starting point s2 of the first outstanding material bonding process making tentatively to engage, starting point s2 make preliminary engage with throw F do not depart from and according to this state transitions to the first give prominence to material bonding process.

In the first outstanding material bonding process, to the first outstanding material 2 and the docking section J2 that is engaged hardware 1 stirring that rubs.Particularly, set the path that friction is stirred the seam (boundary line) that is engaged hardware 1 and the first outstanding material 2 is upper, preliminary joint relatively moved along this path with throw F, to the docking section J2 stirring that rubs.And in the present embodiment, preliminary joint with throw F do not depart from halfway and rubs continuously and be stirred to terminal e2 from the first starting point s2 that gives prominence to material bonding process.

And, in the situation that making preliminary joint with throw F right rotation, owing to producing fine joint defect with the left side of the direct of travel of throw F at preliminary joint, therefore preferably set the first outstanding starting point s2 of material bonding process and position of terminal e2, make to be engaged hardware 1 and be positioned at the right side that preliminary joint is used the direct of travel of throw F.By this, owing to being difficult to produce joint defect being engaged hardware 1 side, therefore can obtain high-quality conjugant.

In addition, in the situation that making preliminary joint with throw F anticlockwise, owing to producing fine joint defect with the right side of the direct of travel of throw F at preliminary joint, therefore preferably set the position of the Origin And Destination of the first outstanding material bonding process, make to be engaged hardware 1 and be positioned at the left side that preliminary joint is used the direct of travel of throw F.Particularly, though not shown, starting point is located to the position that makes tentatively to engage the terminal e2 while doing right rotation with throw F, and terminal is located to the position that makes tentatively to engage the starting point s2 while doing right rotation with throw F.

And, although when the preliminary stirring pin F2 engaging with throw F enters docking section J2, want to make to be engaged the hardware 1 power generation effect separated with the first outstanding material 2, but owing to being engaged hardware 1 and the first outstanding formed pair of inside of material 2 bight 2a tentatively engages by welding, so can prevent from being engaged hardware 1 and first and give prominence between material 2 and produce opening.

After the preliminary terminal e2 engaging by throw F arrival the first outstanding material bonding process, at terminal e2, friction stirred do not finish and rub continuously and stir until the starting point s1 of the first preliminary bonding process, and the preliminary bonding process of state transitions to the first according to this.; make preliminary engage with throw F do not depart from from the tentatively starting point s1 of the bonding process stirring that rubs constantly of the terminal e2 to the first of the first outstanding material bonding process; and, at starting point s1, preliminary joint is not departed from throw F and be transferred to the first preliminary bonding process.Like this, at the first preliminary joint of giving prominence to the terminal e2 of material bonding process, with the separating operation of throw F, be unwanted, and, preliminary joint at the starting point s1 of the first preliminary bonding process is unwanted with the insertion operation of throw F, therefore can realize efficient activity, the fast of preparatory joint operation.

In the present embodiment, the path setting that the friction of the starting point s1 of the preliminary bonding process of the terminal e2 to the first from the first outstanding material bonding process is stirred is in the first outstanding material 2, makes the preliminary motion track engaging while moving to the starting point s1 of the first preliminary bonding process with throw F from the terminal e2 of the first outstanding material bonding process be formed at first and gives prominence to material 2.Like this, the operation of the starting point s1 of the preliminary bonding process of the terminal e2 to the first from the first outstanding material bonding process, owing to being difficult to produce joint defect being engaged on hardware 1, therefore can obtain high-quality conjugant.

In the first preliminary bonding process, to being engaged the docking section J1 of hardware 1 stirring that rubs.Particularly, set the path that friction is stirred the seam (boundary line) that is engaged hardware 1 is upper, preliminary joint relatively moved along this path with throw F, cross the total length of docking section J1 and the stirring that rubs continuously.By the first preliminary bonding process, at docking section J1, form face side plastification region W0.And in the present embodiment, preliminary joint with throw F do not depart from halfway and rubs continuously and be stirred to terminal e1 from the starting point s1 of the first preliminary bonding process.Like this, owing to not needing the preliminary separating operation engaging with throw F completely in the first preliminary bonding process, therefore can make preparatory joint operation more efficient activity, fast.

After the preliminary terminal e1 engaging by throw F arrival the first preliminary bonding process, at terminal e1, friction is stirred do not finish and rub continuously and be stirred to the starting point s3 of the second outstanding material bonding process, and state transitions to the second is given prominence to material bonding process according to this.; from the starting point s3 of the outstanding material bonding process of the terminal e1 to the second of the first preliminary bonding process, make preliminary joint not depart from throw F the stirring that rubs continuously; and, at starting point s3, make preliminary joint with throw not depart from and be transferred to the second outstanding material bonding process.Like this, because the terminal e1 in the first preliminary bonding process does not need to carry out the preliminary separating operation engaging with throw F, and, at the starting point s3 of the second outstanding material bonding process, do not need the preliminary insertion operation engaging with throw F, therefore can more effectively, promptly carry out preparatory joint operation.

In the present embodiment, the path setting stirring from the friction of the starting point s3 of the outstanding material bonding process of the terminal e1 to the second of the first preliminary bonding process is on the second outstanding material 3, and preliminary joint moves to the second motion track while giving prominence to the starting point s3 of material bonding process with throw F from the terminal e1 of the first preliminary bonding process and be formed at second and give prominence to material 3.Like this, the operation of the starting point s3 of the outstanding material bonding process of the terminal e1 to the second from the first preliminary bonding process, be difficult to produce joint defect being engaged on hardware 1, therefore can obtain high-quality conjugant.

In the second outstanding material bonding process, to being engaged hardware 1 and the second docking section J3 that gives prominence to material 3 stirring that rubs.Particularly, set the path that friction is stirred the seam (boundary line) that is engaged hardware 1 and the second outstanding material 3 is upper, preliminary joint relatively moved along this path with throw F, thereby to the docking section J3 stirring that rubs.And, in the present embodiment, make preliminary engage with throw F do not depart from halfway from the second starting point s3 that gives prominence to material bonding process e3 stirring that rubs continuously to terminal.

And, owing to making preliminary joint do right rotation with throw F, therefore set the second outstanding starting point s3 of material bonding process and position of terminal e3, make to be engaged hardware 1 and be positioned at the right side that preliminary joint is used the direct of travel of throw F.Like this, owing to being difficult to, being engaged hardware 1 side generation joint defect, therefore can to obtain high-quality conjugant.Additional disclosure, makes tentatively to engage while doing anticlockwise with throw F, sets the position of the Origin And Destination of the second outstanding material bonding process, makes to be engaged hardware 1 and is positioned at preliminary joint with the left side of the direct of travel of throw F.Particularly, although not shown, the position of terminal e3 when starting point is located to preliminary joint with throw F right rotation, the position of starting point s3 when terminal is located to preliminary joint with throw F right rotation.

And, although when the preliminary stirring pin F2 (with reference to Fig. 2 (a)) engaging with throw F enters docking section J3, want to make to be engaged the hardware 1 power effect separated with the second outstanding material 3, but owing to being engaged the pair of inside bight 3a of hardware 1 and the second outstanding material 3, by welding, tentatively engages, so can prevent from giving prominence between material 3 and producing opening being engaged hardware 1 and second.

Preliminary engage with throw F, arrive the terminal e3 of the second outstanding material bonding process after, at terminal e3, do not finish friction and stir and rub to be continuously stirred to and be located at the second end position E that gives prominence to material 3 _p.And, in the present embodiment, on the extended line of seam (boundary line) that comes across the surface A side that is engaged hardware 1, end position E is set _p.Additional disclosure, end position E _palso be the starting position S that the friction in the described later first formal bonding process is stirred _m1.

Preliminary joint with throw F, arrive end position E _pafterwards, make preliminary joint with rising on rotation limit, throw F limit make to stir pin F2 from end position E _pdepart from.As shown in Figure 5, when the preliminary joint of High Rotation Speed is engaged hardware 1 with throw F insertion, frictional heat is passed to and is engaged in hardware 1 (heating).Owing to being engaged hardware 1, contact with 10 of workbench, so a part for frictional heat is as shown in arrow N, from being engaged the integral body of the back surface B of hardware 1, towards workbench 10, is sidelong out (heat radiation).

And, although preliminary, engage with the second cosmic velocity (rate of climb) of throw F corresponding to stir sell F2 size, shape, be provided with end position E _pthe material of member and thickness etc. and setting, but mostly in situation, be set in the scope of 30～60 (mm/ divides).In addition the preliminary identical or higher speed of rotary speed when engaging rotary speed while departing from throw F and moving.

Then, carry out guide hole and form operation.As shown in Fig. 2 (b), it is the starting position S that the friction in the first formal bonding process is stirred that guide hole forms operation _m1form the operation of guide hole P1.That is, guide hole formation operation is in the formal insertion precalculated position that engages the stirring pin G2 that uses throw G, to form the operation of guide hole P1.

Guide hole P1 arranges with the insertion resistance (resistance of pressing in) of the stirring pin G2 of throw G for lowering formal joint, when preliminary joint is departed from the stirring pin F2 (with reference to Fig. 2 (a)) of throw F with not shown drill bit etc. in the present embodiment,, formed and pull out hole h1 and carry out hole enlargement and form.If utilize and pull out hole h1, can simplify the formation operation of guide hole P1, therefore can shorten the activity duration.Although there is no particular restriction for the mode of guide hole P1, in the present embodiment, its formation is cylindric.In addition the width Z of guide hole P1, ₁and degree of depth Z ₂corresponding to stirring the size, shape of pin G2, suitably set.

And, although in the present embodiment, at the second outstanding material 3, form guide hole P1, but the position of guide hole P1 is not particularly limited, can be formed at the first outstanding material 2, also can be formed at docking section J2, J3, but preferably as shown in the embodiment, be formed on the extended line that is engaged the seam that is engaged hardware 1 (boundary line) that the surface A side of hardware 1 occurs.

(3) first formal bonding processs

The first formal bonding process is from surface A side, formally to engage the operation of the docking section J1 that is engaged hardware 1.In the first formal bonding process of present embodiment, use the formal joint throw G shown in Fig. 2 (b), from the surface A side that is engaged hardware 1 to the stirring that rubs of the docking section J1 preliminary engagement state.

In the first formal bonding process, as shown in Fig. 6 (a)～Fig. 6 (c), the stirring pin G2 insertion (being pressed into) formally engaging with throw G is formed to starting position S _m1guide hole P1, the stirring pin G2 that makes to insert does not depart from halfway and moves to end position E _m1.That is, in the first formal bonding process, from guide hole P1, start friction and stir, and rub continuously and be stirred to end position E _m1.And, although in the present embodiment, on the second outstanding material 3, the starting position S that friction is stirred is set _m1, on the first outstanding material 2, end position E is set _m1, but and do not mean that and define starting position S _m1with end position E _m1position.

With reference to Fig. 6 (a)～Fig. 6 (c), illustrate in greater detail the first formal bonding process.

First, as shown in Fig. 6 (a), make formal joint be positioned at guide hole P1 (starting position S with throw G _m1) directly over, then, formal joint with right rotation limit, throw G limit declined, the front end that will stir pin G2 inserts guide hole P1.When stirring pin G2 enters guide hole P1, the side face (side) that stirs pin G2 is connected to the hole wall of guide hole P1, and metal starts plastification from hole wall and flows.Under this state, the mobile metal of plastification is stirred the side face pressure of pin G2 and moves back, stir pin G2 is pressed into simultaneously, therefore can reduce the resistance of pressing in that is pressed into the starting stage, in addition, before the formal shoulder G1 engaging with throw G is connected to the surface of the second outstanding material 3, stirs pin G2 and be connected to the hole wall of guide hole P1 and produce mould chafing, so can shorten the mobile time of plastification.That is, the load of friction agitating device can be reduced, in addition, the needed activity duration of formal joint can be shortened.

Formal joint with the stirring pin G2 of throw G inserted the starting position S that friction is stirred _m1time formal joint by the rotary speed (rotary speed during insertion) of throw G, according to stirring the material that is engaged hardware 1 etc. of size, the shape of pin G2, the stirring that rub and thickness etc., set, mostly in situation, be set in the scope of 70～700 (rpm), can be compared to formal joint with throw G from starting position S most _m1the end position E stirring towards friction _m1formal joint when mobile is gone back at a high speed by the rotary speed (rotary speed while moving) of throw G.Like this, the rotary speed when inserting and the identical situation of rotary speed when mobile are compared, and owing to having shortened, plastic deformationization are flowed the needed time, so can promptly carry out at starting position S _m1the insertion operation of stirring pin G2.

After the whole face that stirs pin G2 integral body and enter the lower surface G11 of the second outstanding material 3 and shoulder G1 is contacted with the surface of the second outstanding material 3, as shown in Fig. 6 (b), stirring on one side rubs, make formal joint with throw G relatively move towards the one end that is engaged the docking section J1 of hardware 1 on one side, and, through docking section J3, enter docking section J1.When making formally to engage while moving with throw G, plastification is mobile successively to stir pin G2 metal around, and in the position away from stirring pin G2, the mobile metal of plastification is underhardening and form plastification region W1 (being called as below " face side plastification region W1 ") again.

Formal joint by the translational speed (feed speed) of throw G set according to stirring the material that is engaged hardware 1 etc. of size, the shape of pin G2, the stirring that rubbed and thickness etc., but in most situation, be set in the scope of 30～300 (mm/ divides).And, formally engaging while moving with throw G, the rear side towards direct of travel tilts a little with respect to plumb line can to make the axis of shoulder G1, if but do not tilt and form vertical, formal joint becomes easily with the direction transformation of throw G, thereby can do complicated action.

In the situation that enter, to be engaged the heat of hardware 1 likely excessive, and preferably from surface A side towards formal joint, the surrounding with throw G is cooling for feedwater waits.And, when cooling water enters between the docking section J1 that is engaged hardware 1, may produce oxide-film on composition surface, but in the present embodiment, owing to carrying out the first preliminary bonding process, seal the opening being engaged between hardware 1, therefore cooling water is difficult to enter the docking section J1 that is engaged hardware 1, so the quality at junction surface may without deteriorated.

In being engaged the docking section J1 of hardware 1, in the seam that is engaged hardware 1, (on the motion track of the first preliminary bonding process) sets the path that friction is stirred, formal joint relatively moved, from the stirring that rubs continuously of one end to the other end of docking section J1 along this path with throw G.After formally engaging and relatively moving to the other end of docking section J1 with throw G, make its stirring that rubs, and meanwhile through docking section J2, and according to this state towards end position E _m1relatively move.

And, in the present embodiment, owing to setting the end position E that friction is stirred on the extended line of seam (boundary line) that comes across the surface A side that is engaged hardware 1 _m1, therefore can make the path shape of the friction stirring in the first formal bonding process in line.The path shape of stirring when friction in line time, can formally engage and be suppressed to Min. with the displacement of throw G, therefore can effectively carry out the first formal bonding process, can reduce in addition the wear extent that formal joint is used throw G.

Formal joint with throw G, arrive end position E _m1afterwards, as shown in Fig. 6 (c), make formal joint with rising on rotation limit, throw G limit make to stir pin G2 from end position E _m1(with reference to Fig. 6 (b)) departs from.And, when at end position E _m1when making to stir pin G2 and departing to top, inevitably form and stir the pin G2 identical shaped hole Q1 that pulls out generally, but in the present embodiment, former state retains.

As shown in Fig. 6 (b) and Fig. 6 (c), when the formal joint of High Rotation Speed is engaged hardware 1 with throw G insertion, frictional heat is passed to and is engaged in hardware 1 (heating).Owing to being engaged hardware 1, doing face contact with workbench 10, a part for frictional heat, as shown in arrow N, is sidelong out (heat radiation) from being engaged the back surface B of hardware 1 towards workbench 10.

And, in the present embodiment, as shown in Fig. 6 (b) and Fig. 6 (c), owing to making formally to engage with throw G dextrorotation then carry out the first formal bonding process, therefore may be in direct of travel left side, be on hardware 1b, to form tunnel-shaped cavity blemish (being called as below tunnel-like cavity blemish).When rubbing stirring, because direct of travel left side is to shear side (size that is translational speed with respect to the relative velocity of the periphery of the throw of joint adds the side of big or small value of tangential velocity of the periphery of throw), metal is by strong stirring and hot mastication, becomes burr etc. and easily discharges.Therefore,, because the metal in direct of travel left side is not enough, may form tunnel-like cavity blemish.In addition, direct of travel right side, be that hardware 1a side is flow side (being to deduct a side of the big or small value of translational speed from the size of the tangential velocity of the periphery of throw with respect to the relative velocity of the periphery of the throw of joint), therefore the stirring of metal is more weak, be difficult for becoming burr etc. and discharge, can form dense plastification region.

Additional disclosure, when formal joint is used throw G anticlockwise, because direct of travel right side is to shear side, may form on direct of travel right side tunnel-like cavity blemish.On the other hand, because direct of travel left side is flow side, be formed with dense plastification region.When the joint defects such as this tunnel-like cavity blemish are formed at while being engaged hardware 1, become and be engaged the air-tightness of hardware 1 and the reason that watertightness reduces.

After the first formal bonding process finishes, remove friction in the first front travel and the first formal bonding process and stir the burr that produce.And, from stationary fixture 15, remove and be engaged hardware 1.

Fig. 7 means the stereogram after the first formal bonding process of the first embodiment.As shown in Figure 7, when carrying out above-mentioned the first front travel and the first formal bonding process, be passed to the heat that is engaged hardware 1 and be cooled and produce thermal contraction, the surface A side that is engaged hardware 1 can be deformed into concavity.

(4) second preparatory process

The second preparatory process is the operation of carrying out before the second front travel, in the present embodiment, will be engaged surface, the back side upset of hardware 1, and utilize stationary fixture 15 (with reference to Fig. 3) will be engaged hardware 1 to be fixed on workbench 10.As shown in Figure 8, when being engaged hardware 1 and being fixed on workbench 10, therefore owing to being engaged hardware 1 bending (distortion), be engaged edge part U, U and workbench 10 butts of hardware 1, at workbench 10 and be engaged between the surface A of hardware 1 and be formed with gap P.

(5) second front travels

The second front travel is the operation of carrying out before the second formal bonding process, and in the present embodiment, it comprises: make to be engaged the first outstanding material bonding process that hardware 1 engages with the docking section J2 of the first outstanding material 2; Make to be engaged the preliminary second preliminary bonding process engaging of docking section J1 of hardware 1; Make to be engaged the second outstanding material bonding process that hardware 1 engages with the docking section J3 of the second outstanding material 3; And the starting position of the stirring of the friction in the second formal bonding process forms the guide hole formation operation of guide hole.The second front travel is except being engaged the surface and the back side of hardware 1, generally identical with above-mentioned the first front travel, and therefore description is omitted.

As shown in Figure 8, by the second preliminary bonding process, the preliminary joint that makes High Rotation Speed inserts while being engaged hardware 1 with throw F, and frictional heat is passed to and is engaged in hardware 1 (heating).A part for frictional heat, as shown in arrow N, is discarded to workbench 10 (heat radiation) from being engaged edge part U, the U of hardware 1.In the second preliminary bonding process, owing to using the preliminary joint throw F identical with the first preliminary bonding process, therefore add heat identical with surface A side, but compare with the first preliminary bonding process, emit hot path and tail off, so heat dissipation capacity tails off.By the second preliminary bonding process, in the back surface B that is engaged hardware 1, formed rear side plastification region W2.

(6) second formal bonding processs

The second formal bonding process is from back surface B side, formally to engage the operation of the docking section J1 that is engaged hardware 1.In the second formal bonding process of present embodiment, as shown in Fig. 9 (a)～Fig. 9 (c), use formal joint to use throw H, from the back surface B side that is engaged hardware 1 to the docking section J1 stirring that rubs.

As shown in Fig. 9 (a), formal joint is engaged hardware 1 with throw H by tool steel geometric ratio and goes back the metal material of hard and form, stirring pin (probe) H2 that has cylindrical shoulder H1 and give prominence to the lower surface H11 that is arranged at this shoulder H1.Formal joint with throw H has and the rough identical shape of throw G for the formal joint using in the first formal bonding process, forms formal roughly 80% the size engaging with throw G.The formal joint using in the second formal bonding process also can form and the identical size of throw G for formal joint with throw H, but preferably sets for also less with throw G than formal joint.The formal joint that consideration is used in the first formal bonding process is by the size of throw G and be engaged the crooked size etc. of hardware 1 and suitably set formal joint and use throw H.

In the second formal bonding process, the stirring pin H2 formally engaging with throw H is inserted to guide hole P2 (the starting position S that (being pressed into) is located at the second outstanding material 3 _m2), the stirring pin H2 that makes to insert does not depart from halfway and moves to the end position E that is located at the first outstanding material 2 _m2.That is,, in the second formal bonding process, from guide hole P2, start friction and stir, and rub continuously and stir until end position E _m2.

With reference to Fig. 9 (a)～Fig. 9 (c), illustrate in greater detail the second formal bonding process.

First, as shown in Fig. 9 (a), make formal engage with throw H be positioned at guide hole P2 directly over, then, formal joint with right rotation limit, throw H limit declined, thereby will stir in the front end insertion guide hole P2 of pin H2.

After the whole face that stirs pin H2 integral body and enter the lower surface H11 of the second outstanding material 3 and shoulder H1 is contacted with the surface of the second outstanding material 3, as shown in Fig. 9 (b), formal joint relatively moved towards the one end that is engaged the docking section J1 of hardware 1 with throw H.Although there is no particular restriction for the insertion depth of stirring pin H2, preferably as shown in the embodiment, set the degree that pin H2 is contacted with face side plastification region W1 that stirs for.By this, due to can effects on surface the stirring that again rub of the front of side plastification region W1, so in the situation that the front of face side plastification region W1 is formed with joint defect, can repair this defect.In addition, the stirring that rubs of the depth direction integral body that can cross docking section J1, can improve watertightness and the air-tightness of bonding part.When formal joint moves with throw H, plastification is mobile successively to stir pin H2 metal around, and in the position away from stirring pin H2, the mobile metal of plastification is underhardening and form plastification region W3 (hereinafter referred to as " rear side plastification region W3 ") again.

In addition, as shown in Figure 9, due in the second formal bonding process, make the formal right rotation with throw H that engages, from the first side C side of being engaged hardware 1 towards the stirring that rubs of the second side D side, therefore on the right side of direct of travel, be formed with dense plastification region in hardware 1b side.Therefore, can be enclosed in reliably the tunnel-like cavity blemish of formed face side plastification region W1 in the first formal bonding process.

As shown in Fig. 9 (c), formal joint with throw H, arrive end position E _m2afterwards, make formal joint with rising on rotation limit, throw H limit make to stir pin H2 from end position E _m2depart from (with reference to Fig. 9 (c)).Identical with the situation of the above-mentioned first formal bonding process, preferably make the formal also high speed of rotary speed while departing from the throw H rotary speed when mobile that engages.

And, in the first formal bonding process, the residual hole Q1 that pulls out engages mobile route with throw H when overlapping with formal in the second formal bonding process, the mobile metal of plastification may flow into and pull out hole Q1, thereby may produce joint defect, be preferably in away from pulling out the end position E that the friction of the second formal bonding process is stirred is set on the position of hole Q1 _m2(pulling out hole Q2), avoids pulling out hole Q1 and path is stirred in the friction of setting the second formal bonding process, makes formal joint with the stirring pin H2 of throw H along this path movement.

As shown in Fig. 9 (b) and Fig. 9 (c), when the formal joint of High Rotation Speed is engaged hardware 1 with throw H insertion, frictional heat is passed to and is engaged in hardware 1 (heating).In addition, a part for frictional heat is discarded to workbench 10 (heat radiation) from being engaged edge part U, the U of hardware 1 as shown in arrow N.

In the second formal bonding process, owing to being formed with gap P, therefore to compare with the first formal bonding process, heat dissipation path tails off.Therefore, compare with the first formal bonding process, the heat dissipation capacity of the second formal bonding process is less, but engages the small-sized formal joint throw H also with throw G owing to using than formal, therefore compares with the first formal bonding process, heats quantitative change few.

After the second formal bonding process finishes, the outstanding material of excision.And, be preferably in after each operation finishes, remove and be formed at the burr that are engaged hardware 1.

According to the first embodiment described above, as shown in figure 10, after the second formal bonding process, when being engaged hardware 1 and placing from stationary fixture 15 (with reference to Fig. 3) releasing, therefore in the back surface B side that is engaged hardware 1, also produce thermal contraction, in the formed bending of the first formal bonding process, corrected and make to be engaged hardware 1 and become smooth.

As previously mentioned, by producing gap P, heat dissipation capacity in the second formal bonding process is tailed off, but also little to make to heat quantitative change few with throw G than the formal joint using in the first formal bonding process because the formal joint using in the second formal bonding process is configured to throw H, in the first formal bonding process and the second formal bonding process, residue in by this heat that is engaged hardware 1 and can reach balance.

The remaining calorimeter that is engaged the surface A side of hardware 1 is shown as (adding the heat that adds in the formal bonding process of heat+the first) in the first front travel-(heat dissipation capacity in the formal bonding process of heat dissipation capacity+the first in the first front travel).On the other hand, the remaining calorimeter of back surface B side is shown as (adding the heat that adds in the formal bonding process of heat+the second) in the second front travel-(heat dissipation capacity in the formal bonding process of heat dissipation capacity+the second in the second front travel).In the present embodiment, by changing the size of the throw in the first formal bonding process and the second formal bonding process, make the remaining heat of the first formal bonding process and the second formal bonding process reach balance, thereby can make to be engaged hardware 1, become smooth.

In addition, enter and be engaged adding heat and can changing by changing the size of throw G, H for formal joint of hardware 1, therefore can easily add the adjusting of heat.In addition, in the second formal bonding process, make formal joint enter formed face side plastification region W1 in the first formal bonding process with the front end of throw H, thereby can again rub, stir face side plastification region W1.By this, can repair the joint defect that may result from plastification region.

In addition, in the present embodiment, before formal bonding process, carrying out preliminary bonding process, so hardware 1a, 1b are can be each other not separated and rub and stir joint.

And, in the first embodiment, by changing the size of throw, regulate the heat that adds that is engaged the face side of hardware 1 and rear side, but be not limited thereto.For example, when being engaged the surface of hardware 1 and the back side and using identical throw, make the translational speed of throw of translational speed specific surface A side of throw of back surface B side also fast, can reduce by this back surface B side throw add heat.In addition, the path length moving for throw (path length that friction is stirred and), the path length of path length specific surface A side of back surface B side that makes to be engaged hardware 1 is short, can reduce by this heat that adds of back surface B side.For the friction of carrying out in the second formal bonding process, stir, consider that the size that adds heat, heat dissipation capacity and gap P of the first formal bonding process is even engaged the thickness of hardware 1 and sets.

In addition, after having carried out the first formal bonding process and the second formal bonding process, remain crooked in the situation that being engaged hardware 1, can carry out correction process from being engaged surface A or the back surface B of hardware 1.In correction process, use to correct with throw (not shown) the face side that forms convex from be engaged the surface A of hardware 1 or the back surface B stirring that rubs.Rectification forms and the formal shape of using throw G identical that engages with throw, uses than formal joint and uses the also little throw for rectification (not shown) of throw G.The motion track that friction is stirred is not particularly limited, and can carry out docking section, also can emphasis be carried out by the large part of bending.

[the second embodiment]

Then, the second embodiment of the present invention is described.The second embodiment comprises (1) first preparatory process, (2) first front travels, (3) first formal bonding processs, (4) second preparatory process, (5) second front travels, (6) second formal bonding processs, (7) second repair procedure, (8) first repair procedure.Identical with the first embodiment to (6) second formal bonding processs from (1) first preparatory process, therefore omit detailed explanation.

(7) second repair procedure

After above-mentioned (6) second formal bonding processs finish, state carries out the second repair procedure according to this.The second repair procedure is the operation of repairing the joint defect of the rear side plastification region W3 that may be present in the back surface B that is engaged hardware 1.

In the second repair procedure of present embodiment, as shown in Figure 11 (a) and Figure 11 (b), overleaf in the W3 of side plastification region, at least to the first repairing area R1, the second repairing area R2 and the 3rd repairing area R3 stirring that rubs.

The first repairing area R1 object stirring that rubs is, makes in the above-mentioned second formal bonding process the tunnel-like defect disconnection that may form with the direct of travel of throw H along formal joint.When making formal joint with throw H right rotation, left side at its direct of travel may produce tunnel-like defect, when making formal joint with throw H anticlockwise, right side at direct of travel may produce tunnel-like defect, therefore in making the formal present embodiment engaging with throw H right rotation, preferably set the first repairing area R1, make it at least comprise the top of the face side plastification region W1 that overlooks the left side that is positioned at direct of travel.

The second repairing area R2 object stirring that rubs is, makes in the second formal bonding process, formally engage the oxide-film disconnection that is involved in rear side plastification region W3 while passing docking section J2 with throw H.The end position E stirring in the such friction by formal bonding process of present embodiment _m2be located at the first outstanding material 2, and make in formal situation about engaging with throw H right rotation, the possibility on top that oxide entrapment is positioned at the rear side plastification region W3 on its direct of travel right side uprises, in the situation that making formal joint with throw H anticlockwise, the possibility that oxide entrapment is positioned at the top of the rear side plastification region W3 on the left of direct of travel uprises, therefore in making the formal present embodiment engaging with throw H right rotation, preferably set the second repairing area R2, it is at least comprised with first gives prominence in the rear side plastification region W3 of material 2 adjacency, overlook the top of the rear side plastification region W3 that is positioned at direct of travel right side.And, from being engaged the distance d at the edge that is engaged hardware 1 side of seam to the second repairing area R2 of hardware 1 and the first outstanding material 2 ₅can be compared to most formal joint also large with the maximum outside diameter of the stirring pin H2 of throw H.

The 3rd repairing area R3 object stirring that rubs is, makes the formal oxide-film disconnection that is involved in rear side plastification region W3 while engaging with throw H through docking section J3.At the such starting position S that the friction in formal bonding process is stirred of present embodiment _m2be located in the situation of the second outstanding material 3, when making formal joint with throw H right rotation, the possibility that oxide entrapment is positioned at the top of the rear side plastification region W3 on the left of direct of travel uprises, in the situation that making formal joint with throw H anticlockwise, the possibility on top that oxide entrapment is positioned at the rear side plastification region W3 on direct of travel right side uprises, therefore, in making the formal present embodiment engaging with throw H right rotation, preferably set the 3rd repairing area R3, it is at least comprised with second gives prominence in the rear side plastification region W3 of material 3 adjacency, overlook the top of the rear side plastification region W3 that is positioned at direct of travel left side.And, from being engaged the distance d at the edge that is engaged hardware 1 side of seam to the three repairing area R3 of hardware 1 and the second outstanding material 3 ₄can be compared to most formal joint also large with the maximum outside diameter of the stirring pin H2 of throw H.

In the second repair procedure of present embodiment, as shown in Figure 11 (b), use than formal and engage the also throw E stirring that rubs for small-sized repairing of throw H.Like this, can prevent that plastification region from unnecessarily expanding.

Identical with throw H with formal joint, repair and with throw E, by tool steel geometric ratio, to be engaged hardware 1 and to go back the metal material of hard and form, there is cylindrical shoulder E1, give prominence to stirring pin (probe) E2 of the lower surface E11 that is arranged at this shoulder E1.

Stir pin E2 and hang down from the lower surface of shoulder E1, in the present embodiment, form the thin circular cone shape of front end.In addition, at the side face that stirs pin E2, be formed with and be set as spiral helicine agitator quarter.And, repair and form littlely with throw H than formal joint with throw E, and use throw F large than preliminary joint.

In the second repair procedure, can after the friction stirring of a repairing area being finished, make to repair with throw E at every turn and depart from, to the different repairing of each repairing area occupation mode throw E, but in the present embodiment, as shown in figure 12, make a repairing with throw E, form continuous motion track (bead) and move, to the first repairing area R1, the second repairing area R2 and the 3rd repairing area R3 stirring that rubs continuously.That is,, in the second repair procedure of present embodiment, make to insert the starting position S that friction is stirred _rrepairing with the stirring pin E2 (with reference to Figure 11 (b)) of throw E, do not depart from halfway and move to end position E _r.And, in the present embodiment, exemplified with the starting position S that friction is stirred _rbe located at the first outstanding material 2, by end position E _rbe located at the second outstanding material 3, according to the rub situation of stirring of the order of the second repairing area R2, the first repairing area R1 and the 3rd repairing area R3, but and do not mean that and define starting position S _rwith end position E _rposition and the order that stirs of friction.

Order friction in the second repair procedure being stirred with reference to Figure 12 is done more detailed description.

First, the stirring pin E2 repairing with throw E is inserted to the starting position S that (being pressed into) is located at the appropriate location of the first outstanding material 2 _rand start friction, stir, thereby to the second repairing area R2 stirring that rubs.

In addition, repair translational speed (feed speed) with throw E and be according to the material that is engaged hardware 1 etc. of the size that stirs pin E2, shape, the stirring that rubbed and thickness etc. and set, but in most situation, be set in the scope of 100～1000 (mm/ divides).Rotary speed while repairing rotary speed while moving with throw E with insertion is identical or go back low speed than it.

While stirring when the second repairing area R2 is rubbed, even be involved in rear side plastification region W3 at the oxide-film being engaged between hardware 1 and the first outstanding material 2, this oxide-film also can be disconnected, and therefore in the rear side plastification region W3 with the first outstanding material 2 adjacency, is also difficult to produce joint defect.And, with can compare with repairing with the throw E region of stirring that rub, in the larger situation of the second repairing area R2, stagger and make repairing do U-shaped for many times with throw E and turn round in the path that can make friction stir.

After friction that the second repairing area R2 is carried out is stirred and is finished, make to repair with throw E do not depart from and according to this state move to the first repairing area R1, and the stirring that rubs continuously along the path of the friction stirring in the above-mentioned second formal bonding process.Like this, even if be formed with continuously tunnel-like defect in the situation that stir path along the friction of the second formal bonding process, also can disconnect reliably this tunnel-like defect, therefore be difficult to produce joint defect.

After friction that the first repairing area R1 is carried out is stirred and is finished, make to repair with throw E do not depart from and according to this state move to the 3rd repairing area R3, to the 3rd repairing area R3 stirring that rubs.Like this, even in the situation that be engaged the oxide entrapment rear side plastification region W3 between hardware 1 and the second outstanding material 3, also can disconnect this oxide-film, therefore in the rear side plastification region W3 with the second outstanding material 3 adjacency, also be difficult to produce joint defect.And, with can compare with repairing with the throw E region of stirring that rub, in the larger situation of the 3rd repairing area R3, stagger and make repairing do U-shaped for many times with throw E and turn round in the path that also can make friction stir.

After the friction stirring that the 3rd repairing area R3 is carried out finishes, make repairing move to end position E with throw E _r, and make to repair with rising on rotation limit, throw E limit, thereby make to stir pin E2, depart from end position E _r.By the second repair procedure, in the back surface B that is engaged hardware 1, be formed with rear side plastification region W4.

Therefore in the second repair procedure, as shown in Figure 11 (b), because workbench 10 contacts with the surface A that is engaged hardware 1, by repairing, use a part for the heat that throw E heats to be discarded to workbench 10 (heat radiation) from surface A.

As shown in figure 13, after the second repair procedure finishes, when being engaged hardware 1 and removing from stationary fixture 15 (with reference to Figure 12), because making the back surface B side that is engaged hardware 1, thermal contraction is deformed into concavity.

(8) first repair procedure

After the second repair procedure finishes, make to be engaged surface and the back side upset of hardware 1, effects on surface A carries out the first repair procedure.As shown in figure 14, the first repair procedure is the operation of repairing being present in the joint defect of the face side plastification region W1 of the surface A that is engaged hardware 1.

In the first repair procedure, as shown in figure 14, at least the first repairing area R1 in effects on surface side plastification region W1, the second repairing area R2 and the 3rd repairing area R3 stirring that rubs.The setting principle of the first repairing area R1, the second repairing area R2 and the 3rd repairing area R3 is identical with the setting principle in the second repair procedure, therefore omits detailed explanation.

In the first repair procedure, as shown in Figure 14 and Figure 15, use to repair and use throw E ', it is also less with throw E than the repairing of using in the second repair procedure, and also larger than tentatively engaging with throw F.Repair and use throw E ' to be engaged hardware 1 by tool steel geometric ratio to go back the metal material of hard and form, stirring pin (probe) E2 ' that there is cylindrical shoulder E1 ' and give prominence to the lower surface E11 ' that is arranged at this shoulder E1 '.

In the first repair procedure, as shown in Figure 14 and Figure 15, by repairing, use the stirring pin E2 ' of throw E ' to insert the starting position S that (being pressed into) is located at the appropriate location of the first outstanding material 2 _rand start friction, stir, to the second repairing area R2 stirring that rubs.In the first repair procedure, identical with the second repair procedure, to the first repairing area R1 and the 3rd repairing area R3 stirring that rubs continuously.

In the first repair procedure, as shown in figure 15, when the repairing of High Rotation Speed uses throw E ' insertion to be engaged hardware 1, frictional heat is passed to and is engaged in hardware 1 (heating).In addition, a part for frictional heat, as shown in arrow N, is discarded to workbench 10 (heat radiation) from being engaged edge part U, the U of hardware 1.

In the first repair procedure, owing to being formed with gap P, therefore compare with the second repair procedure, emit hot path and tail off.Therefore, compare with the second repair procedure, the heat dissipation capacity of the first repair procedure is less, but owing to using than repairing with the also little repairing of throw E throw E ', therefore compares with the second repair procedure, adds heat less.

After the first repair procedure finishes, the outstanding material of excision.And, be preferably in after each operation finishes, remove and be formed at the burr that are engaged hardware 1.

According to the second embodiment described above, after the first repair procedure, in the time of being engaged hardware 1 and removing and place from stationary fixture 15 (with reference to Figure 14), because of thermal contraction formed bending in the second repair procedure, corrected, make to be engaged hardware 1 and become smooth.

As previously mentioned, owing to producing gap P, therefore heat dissipation capacity tails off, but due to the repairing of using in the first repair procedure, to use throw E ' to be configured to also less with throw E than the repairing used in the second repair procedure, therefore make to heat quantitative change few, in the second repair procedure and the first repair procedure, residue in the heat that is engaged hardware 1 and can reach balance.By this, can repair the joint defect of face side plastification region W1 and rear side plastification region W3, rectifiable issuable bending in repair procedure simultaneously.

And the track of the throw of repair procedure is not defined in aforesaid way.For example,, although diagram particularly can make throw pass docking section J1 zigzag to move and repairs.

[variation]

In variation, when carrying out the first formal bonding process and the second formal bonding process, throw can use the formal joint throw K shown in Figure 16.And variation is except using formal joint with throw K, identical with the first embodiment, therefore for repeating part, the description thereof will be omitted.

The formal joint using in variation is explained by the structure of throw K.Figure 16 means the figure of the variation of throw, and Figure 16 (a) is sectional view, and Figure 16 (b) is upward view.

As shown in Figure 16 (a), formal joint is engaged hardware 1 with throw K by tool steel geometric ratio and goes back the metal material of hard and form, and has cylindrical shoulder K1, outstanding stirring pin (probe) K2 that is arranged at the lower surface K11 of this shoulder K1, the outstanding stirring that is arranged at lower surface K11 is with ridge K3 and be located at the agitator K4 that the side face of K2 is sold in stirring quarter.

Stir pin K2 and hang down from the central authorities of the lower surface K11 of shoulder K1, in the present embodiment, form the thin circular cone shape of front end.In addition,, at the side face that stirs pin K2, in order to improve mixing effect, be formed with and be set as spiral helicine agitator K4 quarter.Stir the length L of pin K2 ₁can be corresponding to the maximum outside diameter Y that stirs pin K2 ₂, minimum outer diameter Y ₃and the external diameter Y of shoulder K1 ₁and suitably set.

On the lower surface K11 of shoulder K1 that forms flat condition, outstanding being provided with stirred with ridge body K3.As shown in Figure 16 (b), stir with ridge body K3 and on the K11 of lower surface, form vortex shape around stirring the surrounding of pin K2.By arranging, stir with ridge body K3, the mobile metal of plastification is sold K2 side flow in stirring, can improve the efficiency that friction is stirred.And, stir with the length of ridge body K3 and winding number etc. and can suitably set.

Formal joint in variation stirs with ridge body K3 outstanding being provided with of lower surface K11 with throw K, so the stirring that rubs stirring the middle body of pin K2 of the mobile accumulation of metal of plastification.By this, improve the efficiency that friction is stirred, and can suppress the generation of joint defect.In addition, formal joint with throw K forms and stirs that the bottom part of pin K2 is thick and front is thin, therefore can prevent from stirring pin K2 bending, and the resistance of pressing in can reduce to stir pin K2 and be pressed into hardware time.In addition,, owing to carving and being provided with agitator K4 at the outer peripheral face that stirs pin K2, stirring therefore can more effectively rub.

Embodiment

[embodiment 1]

Then, embodiments of the invention are described.As shown in Figure 17 (a) and Figure 17 (b), in an embodiment of the present invention, to overlooking, be the surperficial Za of foursquare hardware 200 and back side Zb to draw respectively the stirring that rubs of the mode of three circles, be determined at the crooked deflection that surperficial Za side produces and the crooked deflection that Zb side produces overleaf.The value of the deflection producing in surperficial Za side is more approaching with the value of the deflection that Zb side produces overleaf, represents that the flatness of hardware 200 is higher.

Hardware 200 is to overlook the cuboid that forms 500mm * 500mm, and used thickness is that 30mm, two kinds of members of 60mm are measured respectively.The material of hardware 200 is 5052 aluminium alloys of JIS standard.

The track that friction is stirred i.e. three circles, to be set in centered by the place j or place j ' at hardware 200 centers, is all set radius r 1=100mm (hereinafter referred to as roundlet), r2=150mm (hereinafter referred to as middle circle), r3=200mm (hereinafter referred to as great circle) at surperficial Za and back side Zb.The order that friction is stirred is carried out according to roundlet, middle circle, great circle.

In surperficial Za side and back side Zb side, all use the throw of formed objects.Throw is of a size of: the length that the external diameter of shoulder is 20mm, stir pin be 10mm, the root size (maximum gauge) that stirs pin for 9mm, the size (minimum diameter) that stirs pin front end be 6mm.The speed setting of throw is 600rpm, and feed speed is set as 300mm/min.In addition,, in surperficial Za side and back side Zb side, the amount of being pressed into of throw is set for necessarily.As shown in figure 17, the plastification region forming in surperficial Za side is respectively that plastification region W21 is to plastification region W23 from roundlet towards great circle.In addition the plastification region that, Zb side forms is overleaf respectively that plastification region W31 is to plastification region W33 from roundlet towards great circle.Each measurement result in this embodiment is as shown in table 1～table 4.

In table 1, the thickness of slab of hardware 200 is 30mm, the measured value while representing to rub stirring from surperficial Za side.Before " before FSW " is illustrated in the stirring that rubs, the difference of height in central place j (benchmark j) and each place (a～place, place h)." after FSW " expression is usingd benchmark j as 0, after the friction of carrying out three circles is stirred, and the difference of height in benchmark j and each place." face side deflection " represents the value in each place (after FSW-FSW before).The hurdle that descends most of " face side deflection " represents the mean value of a～place, place h.The negative value of " before FSW " and " after FSW " represents to be positioned at the below of benchmark j.

[table 1]

Thickness of slab 30mm surface (mm)

In table 2, the thickness of slab of hardware 200 is 30mm, its be illustrated in from face side carry out roundlet, after the friction of circle, great circle stirs, hardware 200 to crooked (distortion), from rear side also carry out respectively roundlet, the friction of circle, great circle while stirring, the measured value in each place of hardware 200.Before " before FSW " is illustrated in and rubs and stir, the difference of height of central place j ' (benchmark j ') and each place (a '～h ').

With reference to Figure 17, " FSW1 " expression is usingd benchmark j ' as 0, after the friction of carrying out roundlet (radius r 1) is stirred, and the difference of height in benchmark j ' and each place." rear side deflection 1 " represents the value of (before the FSW1-FSW) in each place, and the hurdle that descends most of " rear side deflection 1 " represents the mean value of place a '～place h '.

" FSW2 " expression is usingd benchmark j ' as 0, except roundlet (radius r 1), and after also having carried out the friction stirring of middle circle (radius r 2), the difference of height in benchmark j ' and each place." rear side deflection 2 " represents the value of (before the FSW2-FSW) in each place, and the hurdle that descends most of " rear side deflection 2 " represents the mean value of place a '～place h '.

" FSW3 " expression is usingd benchmark j ' as 0, except roundlet (radius r 1) and middle circle (radius r 2), and after also having carried out the friction stirring of great circle (radius r 3), the difference of height in benchmark j ' and each place." rear side deflection 3 " represents the value of (before the FSW3-FSW) in each place, and the hurdle that descends most of " rear side deflection 3 " represents the mean value of place a '～place h '.

[table 2]

Thickness of slab 30mm, the back side (correct FSW) (mm)

In table 3, hardware 200 thicknesss of slab are 60mm, its represent from face side carry out roundlet, the friction of circle, the great circle measured value while stirring.Projects of table 3 and projects of table 1 have the roughly the same meaning.

[table 3]

Thickness of slab 60mm surface (mm)

In table 4, the thickness of hardware 200 is 60mm, and it represents after face side rubs stirring, the measured value while rubbing stirring from rear side.Projects of table 4 and projects of table 2 have the roughly the same meaning.

Table 4

Thickness of slab 60mm, the back side (correct FSW) (mm)

The mean value (1.61) of " the face side deflection " of table 1 is compared with the mean value (2.04) of " the rear side deflection 1 " of table 2, and the value of " rear side deflection 1 " is larger.Similarly, the mean value (2.95) of " rear side deflection 2 " and the mean value (3.53) of " rear side deflection 3 " are also large than the mean value (1.61) of " face side deflection ".That is, when the thickness of slab of hardware 200 is 30mm, even if only carry out the friction stirring of roundlet, the bending that also can excessively correct hardware 200 from rear side.Therefore, in the situation that the thickness of slab of hardware 200 is 30mm, use little throw etc. and make rear side add heat specific surface side to add heat few, just can improve the flatness of hardware 200.

When the mean value (0.91) of the mean value (0.98) of " the face side deflection " of table 3 and " the rear side deflection 2 " of table 4 compares, both deflections are approximate.Therefore, in the situation that the thickness of slab of hardware 200 is 60mm, from rear side carry out roundlet and the friction of circle while stirring, can confirm that the flatness of hardware 200 is higher.That is, in the situation that thickness of slab is 60mm, use little throw etc. and make rear side add heat specific surface side to add heat few, just can improve the flatness of hardware 200.

[embodiment 2]

The formal joint of above-mentioned variation represents in table 5 by the condition (size) of each key element of throw K.Table 5 is illustrated in formal joint with throw K to be had in instrument I～instrument IV of same structure, length, the maximum gauge of pin, each size of the minimum diameter of pin and shoulder diameter, the ratio of each size and rotating speed and the engaging speed of pin (stirring pin).Each instrument I～instrument IV that use table 5 is recorded, pair of aluminum alloy (5052 aluminium alloy) is rubbed to stir to be engaged, and the situation of observing each instrument in each instrument I～instrument IV.

[table 5]

	Instrument I	Instrument II	Instrument III	Instrument IV
					The length L of pin ₁(mm)	22.0	32.0	55.0	77.0
The maximum gauge Y of pin ₂(mm)	14.0	24.0	32.0	38.0
					The minimum diameter Y of pin ₃(mm)	7.0	9.0	16.0	16.0
Shoulder diameter Y ₁(mm)	30.0	37.5	55.0	60.0
					The maximum gauge of the length/pin of pin	1.57	1.33	1.72	2.03
The minimum diameter of the maximum gauge/pin of pin	2.00	2.67	2.00	2.38
					The maximum gauge of shoulder diameter/pin	2.14	1.56	1.72	1.58
Rotating speed (rpm)	500	250	100	80
					Engaging speed (mm/min)	150	100	50	50

When the value of the maximum gauge of the length/pin of pin surpasses 2.03, pin can be damaged.When the value less than 1.33 of the maximum gauge of the length/pin of pin, due to the load of friction agitating device is become and becomes improper greatly, cannot rub and be stirred to dark position on the other hand.

When the value of the minimum diameter of the maximum gauge/pin of pin surpasses 2.67, the maximum gauge of pin is excessive, and metal can overflow, thereby produces blemish.On the other hand, when the value less than 2.00 of the minimum diameter of the maximum gauge/pin of pin, because the maximum gauge of pin is less with respect to the minimum diameter of pin, pin the adding shortage of heat of front end and produce joint defect.

When the value of the maximum gauge of shoulder diameter/pin surpasses 2.14, although can prevent the generation of blemish, the load of friction agitating device is become large and becomes improper.On the other hand, when the value less than 1.56 of the maximum gauge of shoulder diameter/pin, metal is overflowed and produces blemish from shoulder.

Symbol description

1 jointing metal member

1a hardware

1b hardware

2 first outstanding materials

3 second outstanding materials

J1～J3 docking section

A surface

The B back side

C the first side

D the second side

The preliminary joint throw of F

F1 shoulder

F2 stirs pin

The formal joint throw of G

G1 shoulder

G2 stirs pin

The formal joint throw of H

H1 shoulder

H2 stirs pin

E repairing throw

E1 shoulder

E2 stirs pin

W1, W2 plastification region

Claims

1. a joint method, is characterized in that, comprising:

The first formal bonding process, in this operation, makes formal joint move along hardware docking section each other with throw, from the face side of the described hardware stirring joint that rub; And

The second formal bonding process, this operation, after the described first formal bonding process, makes formal joint move along described docking section with throw, from the rear side of the described hardware stirring joint that rub,

The heat that enters described hardware in the described second formal bonding process is set for fewer than the heat that enters described hardware in the described first formal bonding process.

2. joint method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that,

The formal joint using in the described second formal bonding process is less with throw than the formal joint using in the described first formal bonding process with throw.

3. joint method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that,

In the described second formal bonding process, with the described formal joint than in the described first formal bonding process, by the fast feed speed of the feed speed of throw, rubbing to stir engages.

4. joint method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that,

Described formal joint comprises with throw:

Shoulder, this shoulder consists of the metal harder than described hardware;

Stir pin, this stirring pin is based in the lower surface central authorities of described shoulder, forms the thin circular cone shape of front end; And

Agitator, this agitator helical form is carved the outer peripheral face of being located at described stirring pin.

5. joint method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that,

In the described second formal bonding process, described formal joint enters with the stirring pin of throw the plastification region forming in the described first formal bonding process, and rubs and stir joint.

6. joint method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that,

Utilize stationary fixture described hardware to be fixed under the state of workbench, carrying out the described first formal bonding process and the described second formal bonding process.

7. joint method as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that,

The length of described stirring pin is set as 1.33～2.03 with the ratio of the maximum outside diameter of described stirring pin.

8. joint method as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that,

The maximum outside diameter of described stirring pin is set as 2.00～2.67 with the ratio of the minimum outer diameter of described stirring pin.

9. joint method as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that,

The external diameter of described shoulder is set as 1.56～2.14 with the ratio of the maximum outside diameter of described stirring pin.

10. the joint method as described in any one in claim 7 to 9, is characterized in that,

In the lower surface of described shoulder, with around described stirring pin mode around, outstanding be provided with to overlook be Vorticose stirring ridge body.

11. joint methods as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that,

Before carrying out the described first formal bonding process, carry out preliminary bonding process, in this preliminary bonding process, use than throw small-sized preliminary joint throw also for the described formal joint using in the described first formal bonding process, from the face side of described hardware to the described docking section stirring joint that rubs.

12. joint methods as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that,

Before carrying out the described second formal bonding process, carry out preliminary bonding process, in this preliminary bonding process, use than throw small-sized preliminary joint throw also for the described formal joint using in the described second formal bonding process, from the rear side of described hardware to the described docking section stirring joint that rubs.

13. joint methods as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that,

In the described first formal bonding process, starting position or end position that friction is stirred are set on the outstanding material of side that is disposed at described hardware docking section each other,

After the described first formal bonding process, carry out repair procedure, in this repair procedure, use is than throw small-sized repairing throw also for described formal joint, at least in the plastification region forming in the described first formal bonding process with the stirring that rubs of the part of described outstanding material adjacency.

14. joint methods as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that,

In the described second formal bonding process, starting position or end position that friction is stirred are set on the outstanding material of side that is disposed at described hardware docking section each other,

After the described second formal bonding process, carry out repair procedure, in this repair procedure, use is than throw small-sized repairing throw also for described formal joint, at least in the plastification region forming in the described second formal bonding process with the stirring that rubs of the part of described outstanding material adjacency.