CN106392298A - Friction stir welding method for dissimilar metal of aluminum and steel with unequal thickness - Google Patents
Friction stir welding method for dissimilar metal of aluminum and steel with unequal thickness Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106392298A CN106392298A CN201610901277.0A CN201610901277A CN106392298A CN 106392298 A CN106392298 A CN 106392298A CN 201610901277 A CN201610901277 A CN 201610901277A CN 106392298 A CN106392298 A CN 106392298A
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- steel
- friction stir
- thickness
- steel plate
- welding method
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
- B23K2103/20—Ferrous alloys and aluminium or alloys thereof
Abstract
The invention relates to a friction stir welding method for dissimilar metal of aluminum and steel with unequal thicknesses. The friction stir welding method comprises the following steps of performing folding and flanging treatment on edges of a steel plate which is low in thickness; appropriately burnishing the steel plate so that the end surface of the folded and flanged steel plate is level and the thickness of the steel plate is equal to that of an aluminum alloy plate; and performing welding on a connector through adopting a friction stir welding method, so as to obtain a welding connector which is good in strength. The key point of the friction stir welding method disclosed by the invention lies in that through performing the folding and flanging treatment on the edges of the thin plate, the welding area of the connector is increased, so that the situation that when a fusion welding method is adopted for welding the aluminum and the steel with unequal thicknesses, massive brittle intermetallic compounds are generated at the connector is avoided. According to the friction stir welding method disclosed by the invention, the strength of the connector is improved, the problem that when the aluminum and the steel with unequal thicknesses are welded, the strength of the connector is not high is solved; and besides, the friction stir welding method is simple in technology, and has great engineering significance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to different-metal material welding technical field, the aluminium of more particularly, to a kind of not equal thickness and steel dissimilar metal stir
Mix friction welding method.
Background technology
Dissimilar metal connects unique performance and has become as a manufacturing hot issue now, especially has advantage
Complementary characteristic.Aluminium alloy has that density is low, material light, and stainless steel to be then electrical and thermal conductivity performance good, intensity is high, aluminium/steel
Composite-joint combines the premium properties of bi-material, structure not only can be greatly reduced while meeting serviceability
Weight, also save material, improve the reliability of system architecture again, thus Aero-Space, space technology, nuclear industry,
The fields such as auto industry are widely available application.
Obtain unavoidably welding to be used while composite-joint, and neck is always welded in the welding between aluminium/steel
The hot issue in domain and difficulties, the subject matter of aluminum steel welding be between the two solid solubility is relatively low, thermophysical property
Differ greatly, and both easily react the intermetallic compound generating fragility, the intermetallic compound of this fragility is greatly
Reduce the mechanical property of welding point.The welding of aluminum current/steel joint mainly adopts soldering, melting welding, the side of agitating friction weldering
Method completes, and also has in recent years using molten Welding aluminum steel dissimilar metal, this method can effectively suppress intermetallic
The generation of thing.Agitating friction weldering is a kind of method of solid diffusivity, has that energy input is few, and weld interval is short, less deformation
The advantages of with relatively low welding temperature, the generation of intermetallic compound can be reduced, connect in welding of dissimilar metal and have preferably
Advantage.
Aluminum steel welding for not equal thickness presently, there are a lot of problems, be primarily due to thickness different so that banjo fixing butt jointing
Efficient weld area is less, and during overlap welding, joint produces overlap joint step, is not suitable for the use of some occasions, and lap joint
Intensity is not very high；Soldered fitting equally faces the problem of insufficient strength, using the aluminum steel joint of fusion welds not equal thickness,
Also higher to welding precision and parameter request, simultaneously because heat production is more, easily generate substantial amounts of intermetallic compound.At present
Also nobody proposes the solution of this problem both at home and abroad.
Content of the invention
For posed problems above, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of aluminium of not equal thickness and steel dissimilar metal stir
Mix friction welding method, the aluminium sheet of main solution never equal thickness and the welding of steel board.
In order to realize foregoing invention purpose, the present invention provides technical scheme below：A kind of aluminium of not equal thickness and steel xenogenesis
Metal friction stir welding method；It is characterized in that method and step is as follows：
(1) steel plate edge is carried out with bending flanging process, the end face after flanging is carried out with cutting polishing, makes the steel plate after bending
End face is smooth, suitably polishing aluminium alloy plate so as to steel plate flanging after edge uniform thickness；
(2) by step（1）In the steel plate that obtains be stirred friction welding with aluminium alloy plate, the aluminium/steel obtaining not equal thickness stirs
Mix friction welded joint.
Preferably, described steel plate thickness is 0.5 ~ 4mm, and bending flanging back edge thickness is about 1 ~ 8mm, and therefore aluminium alloy is thick
The thickness of plate corresponds to 1 ~ 8mm.
Preferably, described steel plate bending length is 4 ~ 6 times of thickness of slab, is 2 ~ 24mm.
Preferably, described step（1）After middle bending flanging, steel plate edge thickness is slightly less than thickness of aluminum alloy, and end face presents
Arc-shaped, needs with abrasive machine and sand paper is polished by end face so as to end face is smooth, simultaneously polishing thickness of aluminum alloy so as to
Thickness is equal with the thickness of aluminum alloy after flanging.
Preferably, the length of described mixing needle should be thinner 0.2mm than thickness of slab, is 0.8 ~ 7.8mm.
Preferably, described stirring friction welding agitator head rotary speed is 1000 ~ 1800r/min.
Effect of the invention is that：The present invention is characterized by by the bending flanging process to sheet edges, increased
The bonding area of joint, this method improves strength of joint, solves the strength of joint being brought during not equal thickness aluminum steel welding
Not high problem, avoid simultaneously using melting welding docking not equal thickness aluminium/steel when joint generate a large amount of brittle intermetallic
Thing.The method process is simple, has larger engineering significance.
Brief description
The present invention is further detailed explanation with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Fig. 1 is welding structure schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is steel plate bending structural representation provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is schematic diagram after steel plate flanging provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is schematic diagram after steel plate edge cuts provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
In in figure, steel plate is 1, aluminium alloy plate 2, welding point 3, original interface 4, side-play amount 5.
Specific embodiment
As Figure 1-4, the invention provides the preparation method of a kind of titanium and aluminum dissimilar metal thick plate bridging arrangement, including
Following steps：
(1) bending flanging process is carried out to steel plate 1 edge, the end face after flanging is carried out with cutting polishing, makes the steel after bending
Plate 1 end face is smooth, suitably polishing aluminium alloy plate 2 so as to steel plate 1 flanging after edge uniform thickness.
(2) by step（1）In the steel plate 1 that obtains be stirred friction welding with aluminium alloy plate 2, obtain not equal thickness
Aluminium/steel friction stir welding joint 3, label 4 is original interface 4, and label 5 is side-play amount.
The present invention passes through to process using edge bending flanging, obtains not equal thickness using agitating friction solder technology simultaneously
Aluminum steel welding point, it is to avoid joint efficient weld area little situation when the aluminum steel of equal thickness does not directly weld, keeps away simultaneously
Produce substantial amounts of weld metal zone brittle intermetallic thing during the fusion welds exempted from, so that strength of joint is raised.
The present invention uses bending flanging to process steel plate first, obtains the thicker sheet material of edge thickness.In the present invention, institute
Stating steel plate thickness is 0.5 ~ 4mm, preferably 1 ~ 3mm.In the present invention, described steel plate and described aluminium alloy plate do not have particular/special requirement,
Using steel plate well-known to those skilled in the art and aluminium alloy plate.In embodiments of the present invention, described steel plate is specially
HC340LA cold-rolled steel, described aluminium alloy plate is specially T4 state 6016 aluminium alloy.
The present invention, before carrying out bending flanging, needs to carry out grinding process to steel plate, the steel plate table in engineering field
Face has rusty stain or greasy dirt, and this processes to bending flanging and all has a certain impact it is therefore desirable to carry out burnishing part to bending part
Reason, is typically polished to surface with conventional steel brush in engineering, remove surface rusty stain, reuse acetone to surface
Wiped, dried up stand-by.
Steel plate after treatment is placed on bender, adjusts bending length, bending length is usually material thickness
4 ~ 6 times, bending angle is set as 30 °, determines suitable bending pressure according to thickness of slab, in engineering general according to formula（1）Make
It is reference,
(1)
Wherein：
P：Bending pressure（N）；C：Augmenting factor；L：Bending length（m）；t：Thickness of slab（mm）；V：Lower die open（mm）；：Material
The tensile strength of material（kg/mm2）.
Effect after bending carries out flanging as shown in Fig. 2 sheet material is put on edging machine after bending, and pressure-pad-force is moderate,
Reach the effect of flanging, pressure is excessive, it is thinning by flanging to be easily caused sheet material, impact is follow-up to weld.Practical engineering application
In, first can give a little pressure, the side having certain angle after bending is pressed, then again with a larger power by flanging
Compacting, result is as shown in Figure 3.
In the present invention, the steel plate end face after bending flanging can assume arc-shaped, and needing will using abrasive machine or wire cutting
End face processing is smooth, and the press surface after flanging can speckle with greasy dirt etc. simultaneously, needs after polishing or wire cutting using acetone
End face or press surface are cleared up, result is as shown in Figure 4.In embodiments of the present invention in addition it is also necessary to aluminium alloy end face and
Polished in edge, because the thickness of steel plate end face after bending flanging is slightly less than 2 times of bending front spring thickness, so needs are right
Polished in Welded area, polishing thickness is in 0.1-0.2mm.Complete polishing after, present invention preferably employs acetone or
Absolute ethyl alcohol is carried out to described steel plate and aluminium alloy plate.
After completing the cleaning to described bending flanging steel plate and aluminium alloy plate, the present invention adopts agitating friction to weld to described
Sheet material is welded, and obtains not equal thickness aluminium/steel composite-joint, in the present invention, by the steel plate after bending flanging and aluminium alloy
Plate special fixture clips, mixing needle pin deflection aluminum alloy side during welding, and side-play amount determines according to thickness of slab, side-play amount here refers to
Be mixing needle center deviation two plate docking center line position, document shows, when dissimilar metal agitating friction weld, spy
It is not in the case that bi-material performance difference is larger, mixing needle needs to be partial to the relatively low side of intensity, so can avoid
Mixing needle is excessive with the higher metal friction heat production of intensity, and generation intermetallic compound is more, also can increase stirring-head simultaneously
Service life.
In the present invention, described agitating friction weldering preferably uses mixing needle length to determine with thickness of slab, generally less than thickness of slab
0.2mm, this is because need the volume under pressure of 0.1 ~ 0.2mm in welding, so for avoiding mixing needle burn-through sheet material, need to be less than
Thickness of slab 0.2mm；In the present invention, the stirring-head speed of rotation of described agitating friction weldering is preferably 1000 ~ 1800 r/min, enters
One step is preferably 1200 ~ 1600 r/min,；In the present invention, the speed of welding of described agitating friction weldering is preferably 80 ~ 150mm/
Min, more preferably 90 ~ 120mm/min.In the present invention, need to control mixing needle deflection aluminium alloy side.
The present invention completes agitating friction postwelding, needs agitating friction weldering welding overlap is purged.The present invention is to described
Reset mode does not have particular/special requirement, using reset mode well-known to those skilled in the art.In embodiments of the present invention,
The mode that described reset mode is specially grinder buffing removes described welding overlap.
Embodiment 1
1st, the sheet material that block specifications are 200 × 80 × 2mm will be cut out on the thick HC340LA steel plate of one piece of 2mm with wire cutting,
Need one side of bending and flanging with steel brush polishing, after polishing, HC340LA steel plate is wiped with acetone, then will be through place
Steel plate after reason is placed on bender, and adjusting bending length is 10mm, and bending pressure is 80kN, by the stainless steel of edge bending
Plate is placed on edging machine, and pressure-pad-force is 20kN, cuts away front end circular arc sector with wire cutting, polish flat, then after completing flanging
Done standby with acetone wiping end face after-blow.
2nd, 6016 thick aluminum alloy plate materials of 4mm cut into the sheet material of 200 × 80 × 4mm specification size, are polished with wire brush
Welding edge, polishing 0.1mm is thick, is then wiped with acetone and dries up.
3rd, by 6016 aluminium alloy plate clampings after the corrosion resistant plate after bending flanging and polishing on fixture, stainless-steel sheet
In the advance side of welding direction, aluminium alloy is retreating side.
4th, a diameter of 20mm of the stirring-head shaft shoulder, mixing needle length is 3.8mm, a diameter of 6mm of mixing needle, and material is that orientation is solidifying
Gu high temperature alloy, gait of march 100 mm/min, Rotating speed 1500 r/min.Ensure deflection aluminium alloy during welding
Measure as 2mm；Remove agitating friction welding overlap after the completion of welding, obtain the steel/aluminum dissimilar metal welding point of not equal thickness.
5th, obtain the not steel of uniform thickness and aluminum dissimilar metal welding point and cut using to welding, then carry out stretching and cut
Cut Mechanics Performance Testing, measuring its tensile shear strength is 202MPa, reaches the 89% of aluminium alloy strength of parent, the thick steel with 4mm
The agitating friction weldering docking intensity of the plate aluminium alloy thick with 4mm is suitable.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of aluminium of not equal thickness and steel dissimilar metal friction stir welding method；It is characterized in that method and step is as follows：
(1) steel plate edge is carried out with bending flanging process, the end face after flanging is carried out with cutting polishing, makes the steel plate after bending
End face is smooth, suitably polishing aluminium alloy plate so as to steel plate flanging after edge uniform thickness；
(2) by step（1）In the steel plate that obtains be stirred friction welding with aluminium alloy plate, the aluminium/steel obtaining not equal thickness stirs
Mix friction welded joint.
2. the aluminium of a kind of not equal thickness according to claims 1 and steel dissimilar metal friction stir welding method, it is special
Levy and be, described steel plate thickness is 0.5 ~ 4mm, the thickness of described aluminium alloy thick plate is 1 ~ 8mm.
3. the aluminium of a kind of not equal thickness according to claims 1 and steel dissimilar metal friction stir welding method, it is special
Levy and be, steel plate bending length is 4 ~ 6 times of thickness of slab.
4. the aluminium of a kind of not equal thickness according to claims 1 and steel dissimilar metal friction stir welding method, it is special
Levy and be, described step（1）After middle bending flanging, steel plate edge thickness is slightly less than thickness of aluminum alloy, and end face assumes arc-shaped, needs
With abrasive machine with sand paper is polished by end face so as to end face is smooth, need also exist for aluminium alloy plate is polished so as to
Edge uniform thickness after steel plate flanging.
5. the aluminium of a kind of not equal thickness according to claims 1 and steel dissimilar metal friction stir welding method, it is special
Levy and be, in shown step (2) during agitating friction welding, the length of mixing needle is 0.8 ~ 7.8mm.
6. the aluminium of a kind of not equal thickness according to claims 1 and steel dissimilar metal friction stir welding method, it is special
Levy and be, in shown step (2) during friction stir welding machine, stirring-head be partial to aluminum alloy side, Rotating speed be 1000 ~
1800r/min, speed of welding is 80 ~ 150mm/min.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610901277.0A CN106392298A (en) | 2016-10-17 | 2016-10-17 | Friction stir welding method for dissimilar metal of aluminum and steel with unequal thickness |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610901277.0A CN106392298A (en) | 2016-10-17 | 2016-10-17 | Friction stir welding method for dissimilar metal of aluminum and steel with unequal thickness |
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| CN106392298A true CN106392298A (en) | 2017-02-15 |
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| CN201610901277.0A Pending CN106392298A (en) | 2016-10-17 | 2016-10-17 | Friction stir welding method for dissimilar metal of aluminum and steel with unequal thickness |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113275734A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-08-20 | 陕西飞机工业有限责任公司 | Friction stir welding method for concave welding line |
| CN114682901A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2022-07-01 | 有研工程技术研究院有限公司 | Friction stir welding method for improving connection strength of dissimilar aluminum alloy |
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| JP2010274320A (en) * | 2009-06-01 | 2010-12-09 | Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd | Welding method |
| CN103949769A (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2014-07-30 | 西北工业大学 | Stirring head for friction stir welding used for welding parts with different thicknesses and welding method |
| CN104842062A (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2015-08-19 | 西南交通大学 | Friction stir welding method for butt joint of dissimilar metal materials |
| CN105290608A (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2016-02-03 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Aluminum/steel dissimilar material friction-stir lap joint method assisted by rivet type mechanical connection |
| US20160228980A1 (en) * | 2013-09-12 | 2016-08-11 | Universitaet Stuttgart | Butt welding method and friction stir welding tool |
-
2016
- 2016-10-17 CN CN201610901277.0A patent/CN106392298A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010274320A (en) * | 2009-06-01 | 2010-12-09 | Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd | Welding method |
| US20160228980A1 (en) * | 2013-09-12 | 2016-08-11 | Universitaet Stuttgart | Butt welding method and friction stir welding tool |
| CN103949769A (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2014-07-30 | 西北工业大学 | Stirring head for friction stir welding used for welding parts with different thicknesses and welding method |
| CN104842062A (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2015-08-19 | 西南交通大学 | Friction stir welding method for butt joint of dissimilar metal materials |
| CN105290608A (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2016-02-03 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Aluminum/steel dissimilar material friction-stir lap joint method assisted by rivet type mechanical connection |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114682901A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2022-07-01 | 有研工程技术研究院有限公司 | Friction stir welding method for improving connection strength of dissimilar aluminum alloy |
| CN113275734A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-08-20 | 陕西飞机工业有限责任公司 | Friction stir welding method for concave welding line |
| CN113275734B (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2022-11-22 | 陕西飞机工业有限责任公司 | Friction stir welding method for concave welding line |
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Application publication date: 20170215 |