CN110814512B - Friction stir welding method for thin-specification titanium steel laminated composite plate - Google Patents
Friction stir welding method for thin-specification titanium steel laminated composite plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN110814512B CN110814512B CN201911174122.1A CN201911174122A CN110814512B CN 110814512 B CN110814512 B CN 110814512B CN 201911174122 A CN201911174122 A CN 201911174122A CN 110814512 B CN110814512 B CN 110814512B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
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Abstract
The invention discloses a friction stir welding method of a thin-specification titanium steel laminated composite plate. Firstly, preparing a titanium steel composite plate by adopting an explosion rolling composite process, wherein the thickness of steel is greater than that of the titanium plate. Before welding, heat input is selected according to the size of the composite plate, and the inter-shaft pressure and the reduction, the rotating speed of the stirring head and the welding speed are calculated. When welding, the composite board is placed with the thin layer material (titanium board) on it and the same materials are butt jointed. The heat input is controlled to be 9-20 kJ/mm, the rotating speed of the stirring head is 300-500 r/min, the welding speed is 40-60 mm/min, and the pressing amount between the stirring head shafts is 0.1-0.2 mm, which is smaller than the thickness of the titanium layer. Compared with the traditional material fusion welding, the method avoids a series of welding defects such as shrinkage cavity, inclusion, cracks and the like, reduces the formation of Fe-Ti intermetallic compounds, obtains a welding joint with beautiful appearance, less flash and burr defects, high dimensional precision and good quality, and realizes the effective connection of the thin-specification titanium steel laminated composite plate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of welding, and relates to a friction stir welding method for a thin-specification titanium steel laminated composite plate.
Background
The titanium steel composite board has excellent corrosion resistance and obdurability, and is widely applied to the petrochemical industry. The equipment prepared by the titanium steel composite plate has the advantages that the titanium alloy is in contact with the solution in the container, and the steel serves as the outer wall, so that the corrosion resistance of the container is ensured, and the strength and the rigidity of the equipment are also ensured.
With the continuous development of the light-weight industry, the application of the titanium steel laminated composite plate with thin specification is more and more emphasized. However, the connection of the thin-gauge titanium steel laminated composite plate has more problems, and the defects of shrinkage cavities, cracks and the like are formed in the common fusion welding connection process, particularly more Fe-Ti intermetallic compounds are formed, so that the quality of a welding joint is poor, and the performance is deteriorated.
The friction stir welding is a novel solid phase connection technology, in the welding process, a stirring head rotates and moves along a welding line, materials at the welding line are heated, softened, flowed and mixed through violent frictional heating and strong plastic deformation, and uniform, fine and equiaxial grain structures are formed through dynamic recrystallization, so that material connection is realized. The working temperature of the friction stir welding is lower than the melting point of the welded material, so that various defects generated in the fusion welding process can be effectively avoided, and the generation of brittle intermetallic compounds is reduced. Therefore, the method has wide application prospect in the connection of dissimilar materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a friction stir welding method for a thin-specification titanium steel laminated composite plate, aiming at the problems that the thin-specification titanium steel laminated composite plate has many welding joint defects generated by fusion welding and the mechanical property can not meet the use requirement.
In order to realize the connection of the thin-specification titanium steel laminated composite plate and avoid the formation of Fe-Ti intermetallic compounds, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
A friction stir welding method of a thin-specification titanium steel laminated composite plate comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing a thin-specification titanium steel laminated composite plate by adopting an explosion rolling composite process, wherein the thickness of titanium in the composite plate is smaller than that of steel;
secondly, polishing the surface of the titanium steel laminated composite plate, rigidly fixing the laminated composite plate on a workbench, wherein the assembly mode of the composite plate adopts a butt joint mode, a titanium layer is positioned on the upper layer, and the same materials are in butt joint;
thirdly, selecting heat input according to the size of the laminated composite plate, and calculating the pressure of a shaft shoulder, the rotating speed of a stirring head and the welding speed;
fourthly, before welding, drilling a welding prefabricated hole at the initial position of a welding seam, wherein the pressing amount of a shaft shoulder is within the range of 0.1-0.2 mm, a stirring head rotates to enter the prefabricated hole in an aligning mode, and the shaft shoulder is pressed into the surface of the composite board under the action of pressure;
fifthly, the stirring head rotates and stays for a period of time, and after the materials are fully softened, welding is carried out along the welding direction;
and sixthly, lifting the stirring head in the welded material and withdrawing after welding.
Further, in the first step, the thin-gauge titanium steel composite plate is a layered composite plate prepared by adopting an explosion rolling composite process, the size of the layered composite plate is 1-10 mm, the titanium alloy plate is positioned on the upper side of the composite plate, and the thickness of the titanium alloy plate is smaller than that of the steel plate.
Furthermore, in the second step, in the process of butting the titanium-steel composite plates, steel-steel butting, titanium-titanium butting and rigid fixation are carried out on the workbench.
Further, in the third step, the heat input quantity in the friction stir welding process comprises two parts of heat, wherein the first part is friction stir heat generation QEThe second part being a plastically deformable heat QP(ii) a The heat calculation formula is shown in formula (1) to formula (3),
Q＝QE+QP (3)
wherein omega is the rotating speed of the stirring head; v is the welding speed; etapThe coefficient of heat generation due to plastic deformation is 0.8-0.99; sigma is stress;pa plastic strain rate; v is the volume; Δ T is the time increment.
Further, in the third step, the heat input is controlled to be 9-20 kJ/mm, the rotating speed of the stirring head is 300-500 r/min, the welding speed is 40-60 mm/min, the thickness of the titanium alloy layer is reduced by the shaft shoulder, and the reduction between shafts of the stirring head is 0.1-0.2 mm.
Further, in the fourth step, the depth of the prefabricated hole is smaller than the thickness of the composite board and is equal to the thickness of the composite board minus 0.2-0.4 mm.
Furthermore, in the fifth step, the downward inserting speed of the stirring head is 10-20 mm/min, and the rotation retention time of the stirring head is 5-15 s.
The invention provides a friction stir welding method of a thin-specification titanium steel laminated composite plate, which has the advantages that compared with the prior art:
the invention discloses an optimal heat input quantity for friction stir welding of a thin-specification titanium steel laminated composite plate.
In the invention, the welding temperature is lower than the melting points of steel and titanium in the stirring process by reasonably controlling the heat input quantity, so that the defects of shrinkage cavity and slag inclusion in the fusion welding process can be avoided, Fe-Ti intermetallic compounds generated by the interaction of dissimilar materials can be avoided, the quality of a welding joint is improved, and the connection of the thin-specification titanium-steel composite plate is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a pre-weld assembly of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an appearance design of a stirring head according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a pin depressing phase according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a stir welding process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-1 is a workbench clamp, 1-2 is a welded plate, 1-3 is a prefabricated hole, 2-1 is a stirring shaft shoulder, 2-2 is a stirring pin, 4-1 is a steel plate of a composite plate, 4-2 is a titanium alloy plate of the composite plate, 4-3 is a stirring head, 4-4 is a rotating direction, and 4-5 is a welding direction.
Detailed Description
The following examples illustrate the invention in detail: the present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Example 1:
firstly, preparing a TA2/Q235 titanium steel composite plate with the thickness of 1mm by adopting an explosion rolling composite process, wherein the thickness of steel is 0.8mm, the thickness of titanium alloy is 0.2mm, polishing the surface of the composite plate, and cleaning an oxidation film and oil stains on the surface.
And secondly, butting the TA2/Q235 titanium steel composite plates as shown in figures 1 and 4, wherein steel-steel butting and titanium-titanium butting are rigidly fixed on a workbench.
Thirdly, the heat input is 9.32kJ/mm, the rotating speed of the stirring head is 300r/min, and the welding speed is 40 mm/min. The material of the stirring head is rhenium-tungsten alloy. The stirring pin is cylindrical and has a thread-free structure, and as shown in fig. 2, the stirring pin with the length of 0.6mm and the diameter of 2mm is selected.
Fourthly, preparing a prefabricated hole, wherein the depth of the prefabricated hole is 0.7mm, and the diameter of the prefabricated hole is 2 mm. The stirring pin starts to rotate at the rotating speed of 300r/min and is inserted into the prefabricated hole in the titanium steel composite plate at the speed of 10 mm/min; the reduction of the shaft shoulder of the stirring head is 0.1mm, the stirring head is pressed into the titanium alloy side, the stirring head rotates and stays for 10s as shown in figure 3, and the material is heated and softened;
and fifthly, welding the stirring head at the welding speed of 40mm/min, and keeping the welding stable as shown in figure 4.
And sixthly, lifting the shaft shoulder and the stirring pin out of the welded material synchronously after the welding is finished.
The method is adopted to weld the titanium steel composite plate, and the high-strength welded joint with the tensile strength reaching 80 percent of the base material is prepared. The microstructure was found to be free of Ti-Fe intermetallic compounds. The high-quality titanium steel composite sheet welded joint is obtained.
Example 2:
firstly, preparing a TA2/Q235 titanium steel composite plate with the thickness of 1.8mm by adopting an explosion rolling composite process, wherein the thickness of steel is 1.5mm, the thickness of titanium alloy is 0.3mm, polishing the side surface of the composite plate, and cleaning an oxidation film and oil stains on the surface.
And secondly, butting the TA2/Q235 titanium steel composite plates as shown in figures 1 and 4, wherein steel-steel butting and titanium-titanium butting are rigidly fixed on a workbench.
Thirdly, the heat input is 13.86kJ/mm, the rotating speed of the stirring head is 400r/min, and the welding speed is 55 mm/min. The stirring head material is rhenium-tungsten alloy, and the stirring pin shape is cylindrical, and threadless structure chooses for use the stirring pin that length is 1.3mm, diameter are 3 mm. As shown in fig. 2.
And fourthly, preparing a prefabricated hole, wherein the depth of the prefabricated hole is 1.3mm, and the diameter of the prefabricated hole is 3 mm. The stirring pin starts to rotate at the rotating speed of 400r/min and is inserted into the prefabricated hole in the titanium steel composite plate at the speed of 15 mm/min; the reduction of the shaft shoulder of the stirring head is 0.2mm, the stirring head is pressed into the titanium alloy side, the stirring head rotates and stays for 15s as shown in figure 3, and the material is heated and softened;
and fifthly, welding the stirring head at a welding speed of 55mm/min, and keeping the welding stable as shown in figure 4.
And sixthly, lifting the shaft shoulder and the stirring pin out of the welded material synchronously after the welding is finished.
The method for welding the titanium steel composite plate avoids the interaction between steel and titanium alloy, prevents the formation of Fe-Ti intermetallic compounds and obtains a high-quality titanium steel composite sheet welding joint.
Example 3：
Firstly, preparing a TA2/Q235 titanium steel composite plate with the thickness of 6mm by adopting an explosion rolling composite process, wherein the thickness of steel is 5mm, the thickness of titanium alloy is 1mm, polishing the side surface of the composite plate, and cleaning an oxidation film and oil stains on the surface.
And secondly, butting the TA2/Q235 titanium steel composite plates as shown in figures 1 and 4, wherein steel-steel butting and titanium-titanium butting are rigidly fixed on a workbench.
Thirdly, the heat input is 17.53kJ/mm, the rotating speed of the stirring head is 450r/min, and the welding speed is 60 mm/min. The stirring head material is rhenium-tungsten alloy, and the stirring pin shape is cylindrical, and no helicitic texture selects for use the stirring pin that length is 5mm, diameter are 4 mm. As shown in fig. 2.
And fourthly, preparing a prefabricated hole, wherein the depth of the prefabricated hole is 5.2mm, and the diameter of the prefabricated hole is 4 mm. The stirring pin starts to rotate at the rotating speed of 450r/min and is inserted into the prefabricated hole on the titanium steel composite plate at the speed of 20 mm/min; the reduction of the shaft shoulder of the stirring head is 0.4mm, the stirring head is pressed into the titanium alloy side, and the stirring head rotates and stays for 20s as shown in figure 3, and the material is heated and softened;
and fifthly, welding the stirring head at a welding speed of 60mm/min, and keeping stable welding as shown in figure 4.
And sixthly, lifting the shaft shoulder and the stirring pin out of the welded material synchronously after the welding is finished.
The method for welding the titanium steel composite plate avoids the interaction between steel and titanium alloy, prevents the formation of Fe-Ti intermetallic compounds and obtains a high-quality titanium steel composite sheet welding joint.
Claims (2)
1. A friction stir welding method of a thin-specification titanium steel laminated composite plate is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, preparing a titanium steel laminated composite plate by adopting an explosion rolling composite process, wherein the thickness of a titanium alloy layer in the titanium steel laminated composite plate is smaller than that of a steel layer;
secondly, polishing the surface of the titanium steel layered composite plate, rigidly fixing the titanium steel layered composite plate on a workbench, wherein the titanium steel layered composite plate is assembled in a butt joint mode, a titanium alloy layer is positioned on the upper layer, and the same materials are in butt joint;
thirdly, selecting heat input according to the size of the titanium steel laminated composite plate, and calculating the pressure of a shaft shoulder, the rotating speed of a stirring head and the welding speed;
fourthly, before welding, drilling a welding prefabricated hole at the initial position of a welding seam, wherein the reduction of a shaft shoulder is within the range of 0.1-0.2 mm, a stirring head is aligned with the welding prefabricated hole and inserted in a rotating mode, and the shaft shoulder is pressed into the surface of the titanium steel laminated composite plate under the action of pressure;
fifthly, the stirring head rotates and stays for a period of time, and after the materials are fully softened, welding is carried out along the welding direction;
sixthly, lifting the stirring head from the welded material and withdrawing after welding;
in the third step, the heat input quantity in the friction stir welding process comprises the following two parts of heat, wherein the first part is the heat generated by friction stir welding
The second part being a heat of plastic deformation
(ii) a The heat calculation formula is shown in formula (1) to formula (3),
wherein omega is the rotating speed of the stirring head; v is the welding speed;
the coefficient of heat generation due to plastic deformation is 0.8-0.99;
is a stress;
a plastic strain rate; v is the volume;
is a time increment; k is the friction heat production efficiency; t is time;
in the third step, the heat input is controlled to be 9-20 kJ/mm, the rotating speed of a stirring head is 300-500 r/min, the welding speed is 40-60 mm/min, and the reduction of a shaft shoulder is smaller than the thickness of the titanium alloy layer;
in the fourth step, the depth of the welding prefabricated hole is equal to the thickness of the titanium steel laminated composite plate minus 0.2-0.4 mm, and the insertion speed of the stirring head is 10-20 mm/min;
and in the fifth step, the rotation retention time of the stirring head is 5-15 s.
2. The friction stir welding method of the thin-gauge titanium steel layered composite plate according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the titanium steel layered composite plate is 1 to 10mm, and the titanium alloy layer is located on the upper side of the titanium steel layered composite plate.
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| CN111672904B (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2021-11-30 | 北京科技大学 | Preparation method of titanium steel layered composite thin coil |
| CN114406681A (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2022-04-29 | 青岛力晨新材料科技有限公司 | Method for rolling metal composite plate by friction welding assembly |
| CN114367794A (en) * | 2022-03-01 | 2022-04-19 | 西安泰金工业电化学技术有限公司 | Preparation method of titanium cylinder for welding large-size cathode roller |
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| US10016839B1 (en) * | 2017-03-09 | 2018-07-10 | King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals | Friction stir welding tool and a method of fabricating the same |
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