CN102448202A - Multi-protocol multi-interface wireless sensor network gateway - Google Patents

Multi-protocol multi-interface wireless sensor network gateway Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102448202A
CN102448202A CN2011104233933A CN201110423393A CN102448202A CN 102448202 A CN102448202 A CN 102448202A CN 2011104233933 A CN2011104233933 A CN 2011104233933A CN 201110423393 A CN201110423393 A CN 201110423393A CN 102448202 A CN102448202 A CN 102448202A
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wireless sensor
protocol
sensor network
data
module
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孙彦景
张瑞
赵甫胤
王梦龙
魏雨辰
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02DCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-protocol multi-interface wireless sensor network gateway and relates to the technical field of a wireless sensor network. The gateway mainly consists of an embedded processor, an SDRAM (Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory), a Flash memory, a WiFi (Wireless Fidelity) wireless radio frequency transceiver module, a ZigBee wireless radio frequency transceiver module, a GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) module, a Bluetooth module, a GPS (Global Positioning System) data acquisition module and an Ethernet interface control module. A networked operating system Linux is used as an operating system of the multi-protocol multi-interface wireless sensor network gateway and can be compatible with a TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol) protocol IPv6 (Internet Protocol Version 6). The multi-protocol multi-interface wireless sensor network gateway has the advantages that conversion among various protocols is completed by treatment of a design protocol conversion program; the multi-protocol multi-interface wireless sensor network gateway can be used for setting up networks with various architectures, interconnecting the networks with various architectures and transmitting data; various network access schemes are provided for the wireless sensor network; the multi-protocol multi-interface wireless sensor network gateway has strong anti-interference capability, low power consumption and small volume; and portable equipment is provided for interconnection among the networks with various architectures and building of an integrated network.

Description

A kind of multi-protocols multi-interface wireless sensor network gateway
Technical field
The present invention relates to the wireless sensor network technology field, specifically is a kind of multi-protocols multi-interface wireless sensor network gateway.
Background technology
Wireless sensor network is considered to one of technology of power that 21 century had an immense impact on, has caused widely in each country at present and has paid close attention to.Development of technology such as sensor technology, MEMS, modern network and radio communication have promoted the generation and the development of modern wireless sensor network.Wireless sensor network is included various transducers in network, has constituted the nerve endings of Internet, and the network terminal is extended to various small transducers by original PC, is regarded as the Next Generation Internet network.Wireless sensor network has been expanded people's information obtaining ability, and the physical message of objective world is linked together with the transmission network, in next generation network, will provide the most directly for people, the most effectively, the most real information.The potential application of wireless sensor network is very many, has been regarded as the next developing direction in environmental monitoring, building monitoring, public utilities, Industry Control, family, boats and ships and the transportation system's automation now.
ZigBee is based on a low-power consumption territory fidonetFido of IEEE 802.15.4 standard; Technology according to this agreement regulation is the wireless communication technology of a kind of short distance, low-power consumption; Be one of first-selected networking technology of wireless sensor network, carry out MANET through the ZigBee agreement between a large amount of sensor nodes.Its major advantage is that agreement realizes that simple low complex degree, cost of investment are low, the network insertion capacity greatly, prolong in short-term, safe, be particularly suitable for the low-power consumption occasion.WiFi is a kind of short-distance wireless communication technology that is based upon on IEEE 802.11a, 802.11b, the 802.11g agreement, is characterized in that the wide coverage of radio wave, transmission rate are fast.The Mesh network is a wireless mesh network, and it is a wireless multi-hop network.In the process of next generation network evolution, wireless is an indispensable technology, and wireless mesh can be realized communicating by letter with other network cooperatings.Bluetooth is a kind of radiotechnics of support equipment short haul connection, can comprise that carrying out wireless messages between numerous equipment such as mobile phone, notebook computer, relative peripheral exchanges.GPRS, GPRS is a kind of wireless, packet-switched technology based on gsm system, its transmission rate can rise to 115Kbps.GPS, global positioning system, the system that utilizes satellite can position in real time in the world, navigate, the GPS technology has been dissolved into each application of social development now.
Traditional wireless sensor network gateway equipment structure function is single; The network that connects receives certain restriction; Can not be used for the construction of the interconnected and integrated network between the multiple architecture network, and have high, the problems such as antijamming capability is low, cost costliness of power consumption.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned prior art; The present invention provides a kind of multi-protocols multi-interface wireless sensor network gateway; Support various protocols such as WiFi, GPRS, Bluetooth, ZigBee and TCP/IP; And can set up the network of multiple framework through the protocol convertor conversion between the various protocols of finishing dealing with, realize the interconnected and forwarding of data between the multiple architecture network.
The present invention realizes with following technical scheme: a kind of multi-protocols multi-interface wireless sensor network gateway; Comprise flush bonding processor, the SDRAM that is connected with flush bonding processor respectively, Flash memory, WiFi radio frequency transceiving module, ZigBee radio frequency transceiving module, GPRS module, Bluetooth module, gps data acquisition module and Ethernet interface control module; Operating system adopts the operating system Linux of networking, by sheet choosing and the read-write control of flush bonding processor unification to each control module, accomplishes the effective transmission of data on address data bus, realizes this gateway function.
It further is: all peripheral modules link to each other with flush bonding processor through the mode of bus, utilize protocol convertor to handle conversion and the forwarding of data that realizes between the various protocols.
On flush bonding processor, dispose WiFi 2.4GHz, WiFi 5GHz, GPRS, Bluetooth and ZigBee5 different wave point simultaneously; And Ethernet wireline interface; Support various protocols such as WiFi, GPRS, Bluetooth, ZigBee and TCP/IP; And can be through the protocol convertor conversion between ZigBee agreement and the various protocols such as ICP/IP protocol, ZigBee agreement and WiFi agreement, ZigBee agreement and GPRS agreement, ZigBee agreement and Bluetooth agreement of finishing dealing with; Be used to set up the network of multiple framework, and the interconnected and forwarding of data that realizes multiple architecture network; Gateway links to each other with router through the Ethernet wireline interface, is connected to through wave point in the wireless network of various frameworks.
Gateway device adopts physical layer, interconnection layer, key-course and four hierarchical models of application layer; Through the TCP/IP procotol is improved, satisfy the requirement of data communication, support channel preassignment and real-time priority technology; The data that priority is high transmit through the synchronizing sequence data transfer mode, and the data that priority is low are sent through asynchronous sequence data transmission means, and support real time data processing in emergency circumstances at the MAC layer.
The beneficial effect of type of the present invention is: on gateway device, dispose WiFi 2.4GHz, WiFi 5GHz, GPRS, Bluetooth and ZigBee5 different wave point simultaneously; And Ethernet wireline interface; Support various protocols such as WiFi, GPRS, Bluetooth, ZigBee and TCP/IP; And can be used for setting up the network of multiple framework, and the interconnected and forwarding of data between the multiple architecture network through the protocol convertor conversion between the various protocols of finishing dealing with; For wireless sense network provides the multiple network access scheme; This gateway device also has advantages such as antijamming capability is strong, low in energy consumption, advantages of small volume simultaneously, for interconnected and construction integrated network between the multiple architecture network in the future provides a kind of equipment easily, has vast market prospect.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing one embodiment of the present of invention are described further.
Fig. 1 is a hardware block diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is hardware annexation figure of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a protocol hierarchy schematic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of multi-protocols multi-interface wireless sensor network gateway is made up of flush bonding processor, SDRAM, Flash memory, WiFi radio frequency transceiving module, ZigBee radio frequency transceiving module, GPRS module, Bluetooth module, gps data acquisition module and Ethernet interface control module.The flush bonding processor unification is accomplished the effective transmission of data on address data bus to the sheet choosing and the read-write control of each control module, realizes this gateway function.System links to each other the mode of all peripheral modules through bus with processor, and utilizes protocol convertor to handle conversion and the forwarding of data that realizes between the various protocols.
As shown in Figure 2, U1 representes the flush bonding processor of this gateway equipment, is the core of gateway.Flush bonding processor adopts the S3C6410 microprocessor based on the ARM11 kernel, rather than traditional ARM7, ARM9 processor, can change gateway like this and insert single shortcoming.The ARM11 processor has the superiority than traditional ARM7, ARM9 processor, and it is providing the high performance while, has also guaranteed the finiteness of low-power consumption and area.The streamline of ARM11 processor is different with former ARM kernel, and it is made up of 8 level production lines, has improved at least 40% throughput than former ARM kernel, and 8 level production lines can make 8 instructions be performed simultaneously.The ARM11 processor is avoided the data collision in the streamline through forwarding, and through realizing that the jump forecasting technology keeps best pipeline efficiency.When the ARM11 processor is used for making its processing to be optimized to higher streamline throughput through making of these special techniques; Can also keep and the same validity of 8 level production lines (ARM9 processor), a lot of characteristics of ARM11 kernel make it can fully adapt to high-end Embedded Real-Time application system.
The S3C6410 embedded microprocessor is realized collection and processing to data, and is controlled the collaborative work as required of other peripheral modules as the core of circuit.S3C6410 is integrated hardware capability peripheral hardware comprises: 1 integrated MFC, 4 dma controllers; 4 UART interfaces, 1 SPI interface, 1 I2C interface (many main supports); 2 usb host ports and 1 USB high speed OTG interface, 4 PWM timers and 1 inner WatchDog Timer, 1 RTC with calendar function; But the universaling I/O port of 188 flexible configuration has clock generator on the PLL sheet.In a word, no matter be its excellent performance, lower power consumption, or its abundant external interface can both reach the requirement of embedded gateway exploitation.
U2 representes the peripheral module of this gateway equipment, and the present invention need be connected to SDRAM, Flash memory, WiFi radio frequency transceiving module, ZigBee radio frequency transceiving module, GPRS module, Bluetooth module, gps data acquisition module and Ethernet interface control module and accomplish the function of this gateway to cooperate the ARM11 microprocessor.
On flush bonding processor, dispose WiFi 2.4GHz, WiFi 5GHz, GPRS, Bluetooth and ZigBee5 different wave point simultaneously; And Ethernet wireline interface; Support various protocols such as WiFi, GPRS, Bluetooth, ZigBee and TCP/IP; And can be through the protocol convertor conversion between ZigBee agreement and the various protocols such as ICP/IP protocol, ZigBee agreement and WiFi agreement, ZigBee agreement and GPRS agreement, ZigBee agreement and Bluetooth agreement of finishing dealing with; Can be used to set up the network of multiple framework, and the interconnected and forwarding of data that realizes multiple architecture network; Gateway links to each other with router through the Ethernet wireline interface, is connected to through wave point in the wireless network of various frameworks.
WiFi 2.4GHz, two wave points of WiFi 5GHz can be set up WiFi network and WiFi Mesh network through this gateway equipment.This gateway equipment uses as WiFi AP in the WiFi network of setting up, and this gateway equipment uses as WiFi Mesh AP in the WiFi Mesh network of setting up.For this gateway equipment as WiFi Mesh AP; Except gateway function with traditional wireless router; Also have the routing function of supporting the Mesh network interconnection, and also can be the wireless internet connection that user terminal in the WiFi Mesh network provides multi-hop when linking to each other with wired the Internet.
The wireless sense network gateway also has a salient feature function, and promptly gateway device is integrated gps data acquisition module is supported the GPS location tracking function, can be relevant geographical location information such as the real-time longitude that this gateway equipment is provided of monitor terminal, latitude.
The master chip of WiFi radio frequency transceiving module can be selected the AR5414 chip for use; Adopted the new signal treatment technology; Can be according to the degree of system and network activity; Dynamically the adjustment power consumption can be operated in two different frequency ranges of 2.4GHz and 5GHz, supports 802.11 a/b/g wireless protocols and TCP/IP procotol.The master chip of WiFi radio frequency transceiving module is connected with the ARM11 microprocessor through USB interface, realizes that gateway device is connected to the WiFi network.
The ZigBee radio frequency transceiving module can be selected the XBee module of DIGI company for use; Need not to dispose radio-frequency module; Can compatible 802.15.4 agreement, be main frequency range with 2.4GHz, simultaneously also support performance in 868MHz and two kinds of different frequency ranges of 915MHz; Module is built-in protocol stack, can debug through X-CTU and this two software of ZigBee Operator.The ZigBee radio frequency transceiving module is connected to the ARM11 microprocessor through UART, and the realization gateway device is connected with the ZigBee network.
The GPRS module can be selected the Hilo module of Sagem company for use, is connected to the ARM11 microprocessor through UART, and the realization gateway device is connected with GPRS network.
The Bluetooth module can be selected the BT100 module for use, is connected with the ARM11 microprocessor through USB interface, realizes the bluetooth equipment around the gateway device search and carries out transfer of data with it.
The gps data acquisition module can be selected Tyco A1037-A module for use, follows the NMEA consensus standard, and the gps data acquisition module is connected to the ARM11 microprocessor through UART, realizes the collection to the gateway device geographical location information.
Ethernet interface control module master chip can be selected the DM9000 chip for use, can accomplish the transmission and the reception of medium access control, CRC check and ethernet data frame voluntarily.
The FLASH memory is divided into Nand Flash and Nor Flash, and Flash memory of the present invention is selected Nand Flash.Nand Flash memory is selected the K9F1216U0A of Samsung company for use, and K9F1216U0A is the Nand Flash of 32M*16bit.
SDRAM has very high read or write speed, but the power down data can lose, adopt the combination of Nand Flash and SDRAM, with the internal memory use of SDRAM as the ARM11 microprocessor.Among the present invention, the data that the storage system program need be preserved in Nand Flash, in system start-up after the program that will move call among the SDRAM and move, accelerated the speed of service of system.The SDRAM master chip adopts the HY57V561620 of HYNIX company.
As shown in Figure 3, the incident that wireless sensor network is handled generally is divided into two types: one type is timed events, like the timing acquiring of Monitoring Data; Another kind of is chance event, like accident alarming.According to wireless sensor network data communication characteristics, on tcp/ip layer time model based,, make it to have the real time communication ability through increasing some measures necessary, guarantee the reliability of control and the certainty of time delay.Gateway device adopts physical layer, interconnection layer, key-course and four hierarchical models of application layer; Through the TCP/IP procotol is improved, satisfy the requirement of data communication, support channel preassignment and real-time priority technology; The data that priority is high transmit through the synchronizing sequence data transfer mode, and the data that priority is low are sent through asynchronous sequence data transmission means, and support real time data processing in emergency circumstances at the MAC layer.In physical layer mainly is exactly the media of transfer of data and the interface of various architecture networks; At interconnection layer mainly is exactly the data tandem of various transducers, device end and other variety of network systems; Mainly exactly the function and the peer-to-peer information transmission network of I/O network are combined at key-course, the transmission of control data stream ensures data communication quality; Mainly just provide the top level computer system in application layer, so that the data through each node in the access to netwoks wireless sensor network, support the TCP/IP of standard.Communication data is divided in real time and two types of non real-times.The accident alarming of monitoring satisfies the hard real-time requirement, transmits through SDIP (Synchronous Data IP, synchronizing sequence transfer of data), and general Monitoring Data is transmitted through ADIP (Asynchronous Data IP, asynchronous sequence data transmission).Support real time data processing in emergency circumstances at the MAC layer.Accomplish the conversion between the agreement in network layer, set up communication tunnel, realize various transparent data transmission.
The operating system of type gateway device of the present invention adopts the operating system Linux of networking, and compatible ICP/IP protocol IPv6 is to satisfy real-time and stability requirement.(SuSE) Linux OS is widely used in built-in field because of its exclusive characteristic.Can realize the management of whole system hardware resource and software resource and the scheduling of each task well through (SuSE) Linux OS.Protocol convertor exists as the upper level applications of gateway, accomplishes parsing and forwarding to data.Protocol convertor combines with gateway hardware; Node device through in radio network interface and the wireless sensor network communicates; After protocol convertor obtains the data message and additional information of node transmission in the wireless sense network; Can make judgement to the destination of data message, it is carried out correct parsing, processing and forwarding, gateway had the ability and remote monitoring terminal communicates through the different modes approach.
Operation principle: a kind of multi-protocols multi-interface wireless sensor network gateway compiles the data of various architecture network system, carries out protocol conversion through the core control board.When the sensor node in the wireless sensor network with the data that collect (like timing sampling data or warning message) in the time of will being transferred to monitor terminal; Data encapsulation is become the Frame of ZigBee protocol format; Outwards send; After ZigBee radio frequency transceiving module in this gateway equipment receives Frame; Extract data and these data are transferred to processor through data/address bus, after handling through the corresponding protocol conversion program data are write the Ethernet interface control module, packet encapsulation ICP/IP protocol form is sent on the supervisory control comuter of Ethernet by the Ethernet interface control module.Otherwise Ethernet will be controlled with configuration data through opposite direction and send to sensing node.On the other hand; Owing to also be integrated with WiFi radio frequency transceiving module, GPRS module, Bluetooth module on this gateway equipment; After so the data of the ZigBee network that obtains for gateway can also be handled through the corresponding protocol conversion program as required; Data are write different wireless modules be packaged into and be adapted at the protocol format that transmits in the different architecture networks, thereby finally send to the user terminal of mandate through wave point.

Claims (5)

1. multi-protocols multi-interface wireless sensor network gateway; It is characterized in that: comprise flush bonding processor, the SDRAM that is connected with flush bonding processor respectively, Flash memory, WiFi radio frequency transceiving module, ZigBee radio frequency transceiving module, GPRS module, Bluetooth module, gps data acquisition module and Ethernet interface control module; The flush bonding processor unification is accomplished the effective transmission of data on address data bus to the sheet choosing and the read-write control of each control module, realizes this gateway function.
2. a kind of multi-protocols multi-interface wireless sensor network gateway according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: all peripheral modules link to each other with flush bonding processor through the mode of bus, utilize protocol convertor to handle conversion and the forwarding of data that realizes between the various protocols.
3. a kind of multi-protocols multi-interface wireless sensor network gateway according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: on flush bonding processor, dispose WiFi 2.4GHz, WiFi 5GHz, GPRS, Bluetooth and ZigBee5 different wave point simultaneously; And Ethernet wireline interface; Support various protocols such as WiFi, GPRS, Bluetooth, ZigBee and TCP/IP; And can be through the protocol convertor conversion between ZigBee agreement and the various protocols such as ICP/IP protocol, ZigBee agreement and WiFi agreement, ZigBee agreement and GPRS agreement, ZigBee agreement and Bluetooth agreement of finishing dealing with; Be used to set up the network of multiple framework, and the interconnected and forwarding of data that realizes multiple architecture network; Gateway links to each other with router through the Ethernet wireline interface, is connected to through wave point in the wireless network of various frameworks.
4. according to each described a kind of multi-protocols multi-interface wireless sensor network gateway of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: gateway device adopts physical layer, interconnection layer, key-course and four hierarchical models of application layer; The data that priority is high transmit through the synchronizing sequence data transfer mode, and the data that priority is low are sent through asynchronous sequence data transmission means, and support real time data processing in emergency circumstances at the MAC layer.
5. a kind of multi-protocols multi-interface wireless sensor network gateway according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described flush bonding processor adopts the S3C6410 microprocessor based on the ARM11 kernel.
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