CN102447167A - Antenna array - Google Patents
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- CN102447167A CN102447167A CN2010105050742A CN201010505074A CN102447167A CN 102447167 A CN102447167 A CN 102447167A CN 2010105050742 A CN2010105050742 A CN 2010105050742A CN 201010505074 A CN201010505074 A CN 201010505074A CN 102447167 A CN102447167 A CN 102447167A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-frequency receiving antenna array which comprises M array elements, the array elements can be arranged with an equal interval and also different intervals, intervals between every two array elements are respectively from d1, d2 to dM-1, and relationships among the array elements is di=dM-i, di=di+2, M=2N, wherein i is a serial number of the interval between every two array elements of the M array elements and smaller than M/2, N is a positive interger, and the length of the array is determined by the minimum working wavelength gamma. When the intervals between every two array elements of the M array elements are equal, the interval d1+...+dM-1 is larger than gamma; and when the intervals between every two array elements of the M array elements are different, the interval d1+...+dM-1 is no larger than gamma. Compared with the conventional array design method, with the adoption of the method, a narrower planem a narrower vertical directional image and a higher directivity of a receiving array than those acquired through the conventional design method can be acquired, and the directivity of the array in the designed range of working frequency can be basically invariant; and meanwhile, controllable wide zero point can be also realized at arbitrary angles in horizontal and vertical directions.
Description
Technical field
Present invention relates in general to field of antenna, relate to a kind of small-sized ultra direction high frequency receiving antenna array at wide zero point particularly, and make the directivity factor of array constant basically in the operating frequency range that is designed.
Background technology
(3～30MHz) because the wavelength of signal is longer, and conventional array design is difficult to realize narrower directional diagram, particularly in the vertical plane direction at high frequency band.The directional diagram of broad not only can influence the reduction of radar system to indexs such as the DOA estimation of signal, array direction property coefficients, and the antijamming capability of system is descended.In addition; At high frequency band,, cause the electromagnetic environment of high frequency band very complicated owing to have all kinds of short-wave radio sets, communication signal, atmospheric noise, industrial interference, ionospheric clutter etc.; Choose suitable operating frequency; And satisfy disturbing very difficultly, night particularly, had a strong impact on the operate as normal of radar and communication system with the inhibition of clutter.For the radar and the communication system that make high frequency band can be under complex electromagnetic environments; Round-the-clock operate as normal; Require its reception antenna to have good directivity, and the orientation at zero point of controlled broad is arranged, signal is received and to disturbing and clutter better suppresses preferably realizing.
Adopt conventional array approach to realize this goal, can cause the complexity of receiving array and the rapid rising of cost.
Summary of the invention
For addressing the above problem, the present invention has proposed a kind of receiving array new Design Method according to the be dominant characteristics of (being that the received external noise of radar or communication system is far above the receiver internal noise) of high frequency band external noise.
The invention provides a kind of aerial array, comprise M array element, the spacing between M array element is respectively d
1, d
2... d
M-1, it is characterized in that d
i=d
M-i, d
i=d
I+2, M=2
N, wherein, i is the sequence number of M the spacing between the array element; I＜M/2, N are positive integer, and wherein; Spacing is confirmed by minimum operation wavelength λ, and such design can improve the directivity factor of array; Improve the power range of radar system, in whole application band, make directional diagram and directivity factor constant basically.Wherein, When the spacing between M array element is equidistant, spacing
Wherein, when the spacing between M array element is unequal-interval, spacing 2 (d
1+ ... + d
M/2-1)+d
M/2≤λ, the design of unequal-interval and equally spaced design effect are basic identical, can select according to aspects such as geographical conditions, comfort levels.
Wherein, aerial array is operated in the high frequency band of 3～30MHz.
Wherein, aerial array is the end-fire array.
Wherein, in the xyz rectangular coordinate system, utilize following formula to select the required angle at zero point and the length of transposition cable of forming:
Or l
i=-(d
1+ ... d
i) sin θ
i, wherein,
Be the angle of xy plan meaning vector and x axle, θ is the angle of xy plan meaning vector and z axle.
Wherein, further comprise: one or more phase shift cables and one or more synthesizer, wherein, an array element in M array element in per two array elements is connected to synthesizer through the phase shift cable, and another array element is connected directly to synthesizer.
Wherein, further comprise: the phase shift cable of a synthesizer in a plurality of synthesizers in per two synthesizers in a plurality of phase shift cables is connected to synthesizer more senior in a plurality of synthesizers, and another synthesizer is connected directly to more senior synthesizer.
Wherein, confirm the number of array element by following formula:
Wherein, η
0Be the array efficiency that requires.
Wherein, M=4, M=2
N
Compare with the conventional arrays method for designing; This method not only can obtain narrower horizontal plane and height pattern; And the directivity factor of higher receiving array, simultaneously also can be on level and vertical direction arbitrarily angled, realize having controllable broad beam zero point.This array can be realized the inhibition to interference and clutter preferably, improves the technical indicator of system.In addition, can to remain on the operating frequency range directional diagram and the directivity factor that are designed constant basically for this array.This array is an end-fired array, and array can use separately, and also available a plurality of these arrays are formed a new array.
Description of drawings
For the complete understanding disclosure and advantage thereof, combine accompanying drawing to carry out following description as a reference now, wherein:
Fig. 1 shows the concrete layout according to the end-fire array of the embodiment of the invention under rectangular coordinate system;
Fig. 2 shows the structural configuration according to the aerial array of 4 array element arrays of exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 shows according to the emulation of the aerial array of exemplary embodiment of the present invention and the height pattern of traditional antenna array under identical parameters and compares; Wherein, Show operating frequency and be 5,6,7,8, the height pattern of the aerial array of 10MHz; And wherein, the identifier that has n is conventional (normal) method result of design; And
Fig. 4 shows according to the emulation of the aerial array of exemplary embodiment of the present invention and the horizontal directivity pattern of traditional antenna array under identical parameters and compares; Wherein, Show operating frequency and be 5,6,7,8, the horizontal directivity pattern of the aerial array of 10MHz; And wherein, the identifier that has n is the conventional method result of design.
Embodiment
Below, go through the manufacturing and the use of various embodiments of the present invention.Yet, should be appreciated that, the invention provides many applicable notions that can in various concrete environment, realize.The specific embodiment of being discussed only shows manufacturing and uses concrete mode of the present invention, and is not used in restriction scope of the present invention.
The present invention is according to high frequency band external noise this characteristics that are dominant; Problems such as horizontal plane that exists to present high frequency over the horizon radar and high frequency band communication receiving system receiving antenna array and elevation radiation patytern broad, directivity factor are little, poor anti jamming capability; Proposed a kind of new array design methodology, this method can be used for high frequency band end-fire array and must design, and compares with the array of conventional method design; Have narrower level and height pattern; Higher directivity factor can keep simultaneously directional diagram and directivity factor constant basically in the working band that is designed, and can be vertically and the arbitrarily angled realization of horizontal plane zero point.
The sketch map of end-fire array is as shown in Figure 1, and this array is made up of M array element, and the spacing between the array element is d
1, d
2..., d
M-1, the number of array element is an even number, and to require the spacing of array element in the array be symmetrical d with array center
i=d
M-i, also require d simultaneously
i=d
I+2(i＜M/2).The spacing of array can be equidistantly, also can be unequal-interval, and the number of array element is M=2
N, N is an integer.Array mainly comprises: formations such as bay, phase shift cable, synthesizer, array adopt a plurality of two-in-one power combiners to realize that the fundamental block diagram of array is as shown in Figure 2.
Though the method for designing that the present invention adopted can improve the directivity factor of array, to compare with conventional design method, its efficient decreases.The present invention has provided array mathematic(al) representation and design of the present invention and conventional arrays efficiency of design ratio formula after power composite device output, utilizes the characteristic of these two formula array to analyze.Provided array design methodology of the present invention on this basis, and compared with the directional diagram of conventional arrays method design.
According to arrayed form and the version of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, through last power combiner, the pattern function expression formula of array is:
Wherein
is and the irrelevant function of array design.Here d
iBe the distance between bay, l
iLength for the phase shift cable.Though this method for designing has improved the directivity factor of array, the efficient of its array decreases, and compares with conventional end-fire array, and its efficient reduction value is:
For the aerial array that the present invention designed, have two primary conditions to guarantee:
1, directional diagram does not distort;
2, the noise power exported of array will be far above the noise of internal system, promptly greater than more than the 10dB.
Utilize formula (1) and formula (2); The greatest irradiation direction that can confirm array is an end-on direction, i.e.
θ=pi/2 direction.According to two basic demands of array design, be through the basic demand of analyzing and calculate the array design parameter:
1.?2(d
1+…+d
M/2-1)+d
M/2≤λ；
2.
η
0Be the array efficiency that requires.Therefore can confirm the number of array element by formula (2).
Because the spacing of antenna element will satisfy the distortionless requirement of directional diagram of antenna; The increase of array element number not only can make the efficient of aerial array reduce; Spacing between array element also can reduce, and this can cause the mutual lotus root between array element to increase, and efficient further descends.For obtaining better design result, choose N=2 usually.At this moment,
When array is equidistantly arranged, desirable d
1=d
2=d
3≤λ/(M-1).Utilize the front and back lobe ratio of first SIN function control directional diagram in the formula (3), the dead-center position of second SIN function control vertical direction.As require to form zero point back lobe, then get l
1=d
1, the zero point of height pattern be sin θ=-l
2/ (d
1+ d
2)
If needing the design frequency scope is 5～10MHz, its minimum wavelength is: λ=30m, get d in this example
1=d
2=d
3=7.5m≤λ/(M-1).Getting back lobe is 0, and the zero point of vertical direction is in 10 degree directions, simultaneously in the horizontal direction figure ± 80 degree directions also form two zero points.Therefore, l
1=7.5m, l
2=-2.6m
The directional diagram of its horizontal plane and vertical plane is respectively like Fig. 3 and shown in Figure 4, as can be seen from the figure below several dot characteristics:
1, level and height pattern main lobe width are all less than the main lobe width of conventional end-fired array design;
2, the main lobe width of directional diagram is constant basically;
3, can form zero point at the assigned direction of level and height pattern, and the zero point of vertical direction is darker;
4, the directivity factor of array changes less;
The basic step of array design:
1, confirms minimum wavelength according to selected operating frequency;
2, according to the external noise environment of selected operating frequency, utilize formula (2) to confirm the array loss allowed, i.e. the efficient of aerial array is selected the number of array element, M=N
2
3, confirm the spacing between the unit according to formula:
In the time of equidistantly:
During non-equidistance: d
i=d
M-iAnd 2 (d
1+ ... + d
M/2-1)+d
M/2≤λ/2
4, utilize formula (3) to select the required angle at zero point and the length of transposition cable of forming;
5, the form that provides by Fig. 1 is formed array, other part of array, and, obtain required array thus by method realization shown in Figure 2.
The present invention is directed to and be operated in high frequency band (3～30MHz) radars or communication equipment.Owing to, have all kinds of short-wave radio sets, communication signal, atmospheric noise, industrial interference, ionospheric clutter etc. at high frequency band, cause the electromagnetic environment of high frequency band very complicated, and the main lobe broad of antenna array pattern.For the radar and the communication system that make high frequency band can be under complex electromagnetic environments; Round-the-clock operate as normal; Require its reception antenna to have good directivity, and the orientation at zero point of controlled broad is arranged, signal is received and to disturbing and clutter better suppresses preferably realizing.The present invention has proposed a kind of receiving array new Design Method according to the be dominant characteristics of (being that the received external noise of radar or communication system is far above the receiver internal noise) of high frequency band external noise.With the conventional arrays method for designing, this method not only can obtain the directivity factor of narrower horizontal plane and height pattern and higher receiving array, simultaneously also can be on level and vertical direction arbitrarily angled, realize having controllable broad beam zero point.This array can be realized the inhibition to interference and clutter preferably, improves the technical indicator of system.In addition, can to remain on the operating frequency range directivity factor that is designed constant basically for this array.This array is an end-fired array, and array can use separately, and also available a plurality of these arrays are formed a new array.
Although described the present invention and advantage thereof in detail, should be appreciated that, can under the situation of purport of the present invention that does not deviate from the accompanying claims qualification and scope, make various change, replacement and change.And the application's scope is not limited in the specific embodiment of technology, machine, manufacturing, material component, device, method and the step described in this specification.Should understand as those of ordinary skills; Through the present invention; Being used to of existing or exploitation from now on carries out and the essentially identical function of said corresponding embodiment that adopted according to the present invention or technology, machine, the manufacturing that obtains basic identical result, and material component, device, method or step can be used according to the present invention.Therefore, accompanying claims should be included in the scope of such technology, machine, manufacturing, material component, device, method or step.
Claims (10)
1. an aerial array comprises M array element, and the spacing between the said M array element is respectively d
1, d
2... d
M-1, it is characterized in that d
i=d
M-i, d
i=d
I+2, M=2
N,
Wherein, i is the sequence number of the spacing between the said M array element, and i＜M/2, N are positive integer,
And wherein, said spacing is confirmed by minimum operation wavelength λ.
2. aerial array according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; When the spacing between the said M array element is equidistant, spacing
3. aerial array according to claim 1 is characterized in that, when the spacing between the said M array element is unequal-interval, and spacing d
1+ ... + d
M-1≤λ.
4. according to each described aerial array in the claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that said aerial array is operated in the high frequency band of 3～30MHz.
5. according to each described aerial array in the claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that said aerial array is the end-fire array.
6. aerial array according to claim 1 is characterized in that, further comprises: one or more phase shift cables and one or more synthesizer, wherein,
An array element in the said M array element in per two array elements is connected to said synthesizer through said phase shift cable, and another array element is connected directly to said synthesizer.
7. aerial array according to claim 6; It is characterized in that; Further comprise: the phase shift cable of a synthesizer in said a plurality of synthesizers in per two synthesizers in said a plurality of phase shift cables is connected to more senior synthesizer in said a plurality of synthesizer, and another synthesizer is connected directly to said more senior synthesizer.
8. according to claim 6 or 7 described aerial arrays, it is characterized in that, in the xyz rectangular coordinate system, utilize following formula to select the required angle at zero point and the length of transposition cable of forming:
Wherein,
is the angle of xy plan meaning vector and x axle, and θ is the angle of xy plan meaning vector and z axle.
9. aerial array according to claim 8 is characterized in that, is confirmed the number of array element by following formula:
Wherein, η
0Be the array efficiency that requires.
10. according to each described aerial array in the claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that M=4.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201010505074.2A CN102447167B (en) | 2010-10-09 | 2010-10-09 | Aerial array |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201010505074.2A CN102447167B (en) | 2010-10-09 | 2010-10-09 | Aerial array |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102447167A true CN102447167A (en) | 2012-05-09 |
| CN102447167B CN102447167B (en) | 2016-05-25 |
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|---|---|---|---|
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102760974A (en) * | 2012-07-13 | 2012-10-31 | 华为技术有限公司 | Antenna and active antenna system |
| CN108254740A (en) * | 2018-01-21 | 2018-07-06 | 南京理工大学 | The wave beam integrated approach of frequency diversity array radar based on non-homogeneous array element spacing |
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| WO2004019447A2 (en) * | 2002-08-21 | 2004-03-04 | Zyray Wireless, Inc. | Antenna array including virtual antenna elements |
| CN101523759A (en) * | 2006-10-02 | 2009-09-02 | 施克莱无线公司 | Centralized wireless communication system |
-
2010
- 2010-10-09 CN CN201010505074.2A patent/CN102447167B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2004019447A2 (en) * | 2002-08-21 | 2004-03-04 | Zyray Wireless, Inc. | Antenna array including virtual antenna elements |
| CN101523759A (en) * | 2006-10-02 | 2009-09-02 | 施克莱无线公司 | Centralized wireless communication system |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
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|---|
| 佘胜团: ""毫米波单脉冲天线阵和低副瓣天线阵的研究"", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文》, 15 December 2006 (2006-12-15) * |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102760974A (en) * | 2012-07-13 | 2012-10-31 | 华为技术有限公司 | Antenna and active antenna system |
| CN102760974B (en) * | 2012-07-13 | 2015-05-13 | 华为技术有限公司 | Antenna and active antenna system |
| CN108254740A (en) * | 2018-01-21 | 2018-07-06 | 南京理工大学 | The wave beam integrated approach of frequency diversity array radar based on non-homogeneous array element spacing |
| CN108254740B (en) * | 2018-01-21 | 2022-01-07 | 南京理工大学 | Beam synthesis method of frequency diversity array radar based on non-uniform array element spacing |
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| CN102447167B (en) | 2016-05-25 |
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Effective date of registration: 20170509 Address after: 150001 room 1, unit 3, 202 off street gardener District, Nangang District, Heilongjiang, Harbin Co-patentee after: Xu Rongqing Patentee after: Deng Weibo Co-patentee after: Zhang Xinchao Co-patentee after: Dong Yingning Co-patentee after: Li Gaopeng Co-patentee after: Li Feng Co-patentee after: Harbin Institute of Technology Asset Investment Management Co., Ltd. Address before: 150001, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West straight street, Heilongjiang, Harbin Patentee before: Harbin Institute of Technology |
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Effective date of registration: 20170731 Address after: 150001, room 1017, science and technology building, Harbin National University, 434 Post Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Patentee after: Harbin science and Technology Co., Ltd. ray letter Address before: 150001 room 1, unit 3, 202 off street gardener District, Nangang District, Heilongjiang, Harbin Co-patentee before: Xu Rongqing Patentee before: Deng Weibo Co-patentee before: Zhang Xinchao Co-patentee before: Dong Yingning Co-patentee before: Li Gaopeng Co-patentee before: Li Feng Co-patentee before: Xu Rongqing, Zhang Xinchao, Dong Yingning, Li Gaopeng, Li Feng, Harbin Institute of Technology Asset Investment Management Co., Ltd. |