CN102445529A - Soil compaction degree test device - Google Patents
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- CN102445529A CN102445529A CN201110292610XA CN201110292610A CN102445529A CN 102445529 A CN102445529 A CN 102445529A CN 201110292610X A CN201110292610X A CN 201110292610XA CN 201110292610 A CN201110292610 A CN 201110292610A CN 102445529 A CN102445529 A CN 102445529A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
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- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000011897 real-time detection Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000011378 penetrating method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 13
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The present invention provides a soil compaction degree test device, and belongs to the technical field of soil detection. The device comprises a detection test bench, a test system and a soil compaction simulation device. The detection test bench comprises a lifting platform and a fixation rack, wherein the lifting platform comprises a motor, a lifting platform, a gear rack, a bearing seat, a pressure sensor, displacement switches and a test rod, and the fixation rack comprises lifting pushing rods, a motor, a transmission gear, bidirectional transmission screws, a leveling bolt, a fixation platform, screw blocks, bearing seats and an infrared sensor. The test system comprises a pressure sensor, a power supply module, the displacement switches, the infrared sensor, a data acquisition controller, a laptop computer, and a testing and recording software. The soil compaction device comprises a soil filling container, a soil filling container housing and a soil compacting disk. According to the present invention, the horizontal penetrating method is adopted to carry out the field test for the multi-level soil compaction degree, the purposes of the motor controlling, compaction degree data collecting, and compaction degree data analyzing are achieved based on the computer control system, and the device has the following advantages that: the test results are accurate, the horizontally-sliced compaction degree can be detected, the real-time detection can be achieved, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of applying electronic measuring technology soil physical properties is carried out proving installation, particularly a kind of device that can carry out on-the-spot test to soil compaction in indoor and outdoor belongs to soil function detection technique field.
Background technology
When the agricultural machinery and implement of tractor and traction thereof were walked operation in the field, tire rolled effect to soil, and it is heavy to cause topsoil to be depressed, and the degree of packing increases.Especially in recent years, along with the extensive, frequent of various agricultural equipments uses, this compaction also increases thereupon, and well beyond the restoring force of nature to soil compression, the soil compression phenomenon is on the rise.Soil compression is lost the aperture between the soil particle, causes that air and water can not free flows, and then influences the development condition and the crop yield of root system of plant.Soil compression will make soil environment suffer heavily to destroy as not solving, and the positive-effect of farming will be offset by the negative effect of soil compression, and farmland production power will seriously reduce.
Usually adopt cone index CI (Cone Index) to characterize soil cultivation layer depth and tillage resistance, concentrated expression soil by machines physical property in the world.Adopt indirect methods such as sand replacement method, traditional core cutter method, drop hammer type measuring method both at home and abroad mostly, come the compactness of measured soil, not only efficiency of measurement is low but also accuracy of measurement is not high for these methods.Domestic original adoption is from spot sampling, then in the indoor method that makes an experiment.Early 1970s, domestic agricultural machinery department has developed SR-2 type soil penetrometer, and Nanjing engineer institute has developed engineer's circular cone appearance I type and engineer's circular cone appearance II type; These two kinds of instrument qualities are light, reliable in structure, easy to use, but still adopt the mode of manual injection, range estimation reading, and the MEASURING QUASI precision still can not get ensureing.The eighties in 20th century; Agricultural University Of South China has succeeded in developing electrical measurement circular cone boxshear apparatus; Adopt single board computer to sample, analyze, calculate and print; Be a a progressive step aspect the automatic record of cone index, but it still adopts manual soil injection mode, the measuring accuracy of cone index still is a greater impact.In addition; Existing soil physical properties testing tool all adopts vertical injection mode; Cause plasticity of soil distortion (the caused plasticity of soil distortion of vertical injection is 3 times of cone diameter) easily, and adopt spot measurement, can't realize the test of each horizontal slice compactness in the soil planing surface.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of soil compaction proving installation; Adopt electronic at the uniform velocity horizontal injection mode; The while computer based control system; Realize soil compaction data automatic collecting and analysis, solve the problem that the manually vertical injection plasticity of soil distortion of prior art is big, measuring accuracy is not high, the holard is divided the real-time detection difficult of lamination solidity equally.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: the soil compaction proving installation, and comprise and detect testing table and test control system, also can comprise the simulated soil compaction apparatus; Detect testing table and partly be made up of hoistable platform part and fixed frame, be connected through two pairs of up-down push rods 7 between hoistable platform and the fixed frame, the detection means of test macro is loaded on respectively on hoistable platform, fixed frame and the associated components.
Said fixed frame partly comprises two pairs of up-down push rods 7, reducing motor 8, train of reduction gears 9, a pair of two-way drive screw 10, leveling bolt 12, stationary platform 13, the two pairs of spiral pieces 14, bearing seat 15, infrared sensor 26.Two pairs of bearing seats 15 are fixed on stationary platform 13 both sides; Two two-way drive screws 10 are through two pairs of bearing seat 15 parallel supports; Two-way drive screw 10 is on one side for left-handed, another side are dextrorotation, and rotation set on it, two pairs of spiral pieces 14 cooperating with it are respectively corresponding left-handed and dextrorotation structure; The gear that modulus is a standard value is housed on motor 8 output shafts, and an end of two two-way drive screws 10 is equipped with the reduction gearing with this motor 8 output shaft gears engagement respectively, and they form train of reduction gears 9 jointly; Two pairs of spiral piece 14 tops are provided with the hinge Button Block structure that is hinged with push rod 7 lower ends of going up and down; Leveling bolt 12 is installed in stationary platform 13 bottoms, to regulate the level of stationary platform 13; Infrared sensor 26 is installed in stationary platform 13 1 ends, to detect the adjustable height of hoistable platform 2; Each parts is fixed through modes such as plain screw, bolt or welding, and bearing seat 15 is the bearing seat of interior cover standard series bearing, and gear compresses or the key connected mode with the fixedly employing plain nut of axle.
Said test control system comprises that pressure transducer 5, power module 23, forward direction travel switch 24 and back are to travel switch 25, infrared sensor 26, data acquisition controller 27, power module 28, computer 29 and test record software 30.Pressure transducer 5, forward direction travel switch 24, back link to each other with the connection terminal of data acquisition controller 27 to the output of travel switch 25 and infrared sensor 26; Power module 23 is pressure transducer 5 power supplies; Power module 28 is data acquisition controller 27 power supplies; The lead-out terminal of data acquisition controller 27 links to each other with the control loop of motor 1 with motor 8; Be connected through Serial Port Line between the plug-in self-operating state that is set to switch on, data acquisition controller 27 and computer 29, the data of transmission realize functions such as demonstrations, storage, analysis and printing by being installed in the computer 29 independently developed test record software 30 therebetween.Data acquisition controller 27 comprise normal signal treatment circuit, CPU (as, 80188, X86 etc.) and motor range control circuit, be furnished with that module is imported/gone out to 12 multichannel analog amounts, module is imported/gone out to digital quantity; Power module 23,28 is common alternating current-direct current transformer or small battery, and pressure transducer 5, travel switch 24 and 25, infrared sensor 26 are common commercially available prod.
Said simulated soil compaction apparatus comprises tubular soil filling device 17, soil filling device overcoat 16 and the firming dish 18 of upper shed; Soil filling device overcoat 16, soil filling device 17 and firming dish 18 are nested successively from outside to inside, and soil filling device 17 perisporium upper edge radial symmetry, the branch multilayer has the multiple row inspecting hole from top to bottom.The number of plies of inspecting hole is that 4-6 layer, columns are 4-9 row (every interval 40-90 degree is offered 1 row inspecting hole) on soil filling device 17 perisporiums, and the mutual vertical interval of every row layer inspecting hole is 3-6cm, and the diameter of each inspecting hole is 3-4cm.The number of plies of inspecting hole, quantity, spacing etc. confirm that according to actual needs the diameter of inspecting hole is confirmed according to the standard size of test circular cone, guarantees that the free injection of test circular cone gets final product.This simulated soil compaction apparatus also can be used for the compacting of simulated soil, and soil is packed in the soil filling device 17, builds firming dish 18 and to pressing down, the compacting soil that obtains simulating.
Method of application of the present invention and principle of work are: according to detecting requirement; Vertically extract standard soil sample or field soil after the compacting; Pack in the soil filling device 17; The vertical side of maintenance soil sample and the parallel sidewalls of soil filling device 17 are also built firming dish 18, place it in then on the horizontal detection platform of indoor or outdoors; Or soil to be measured is done slicing on the spot handle, expose the vertical planing surface of soil layer.The soil compaction proving installation is placed by soil filling device 17 or the soil layer planing surface to be measured; The device for opening power supply; Regulate the level of stationary platform 13 through the leveling bolt 12 of stationary platform 13 bottoms; Action through computerized control system, control reducing motor 8; Drive the motion of two-way drive screw 10, spiral piece 14 and two pairs of up-down push rods 7 through train of reduction gears 9, thereby the height of adjustment hoistable platform makes soil to be measured side or actual measurement place soil planing surface in the circular cone perpendicular alignmnet soil filling device of reference test bar 20 terminations; Pass through computerized control system then; Make motor 1 work; Through the motion of tooth bar 3, control reference test bar 20 terminations are through the inspecting hole on soil filling device 17 sidewalls, injection pedotheque to be measured or directly injection soil to be measured on the spot (vertical soil planing surface injection) in a horizontal manner in a horizontal manner; Send the pressure data that reference test bar 20 termination circular cones bear in the acquisition controller 27 signal processing circuit through pressure transducer 5; Transform through A/D and to send into CPU, carry out computing, obtain detected value and show and store through computer by prior design of program.Detection finishes, and makes motor 1 work through computerized control system, and control reference test bar 20 is return; Forward direction travel switch 24 on the tooth bar 3 and back be to travel switch 25, will be when it moves to desired location the power supply of automatic cut-off motor 1, to realize the control with backward travel of moving ahead to tooth bar.When hoistable platform goes up and down; Infrared sensor 26 sends the signal of sensing in the acquisition controller 27 signal processing circuit, transforms through A/D and sends into CPU, carries out computing by prior design of program; Record the height that detects soil, obtain the test data of each horizontal slice compactness.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: test method and pilot system that the applying electronic measuring technology is carried out on-the-spot test in indoor and outdoor to soil compaction become horizontal injection mode with traditional vertical injection mode, and realize the real-time testing of stage construction compactness; Change traditional hand and be pressed into mode, with motor as injection power; Computer based control system is realized the control of motor and the functions such as collection, analysis, storage and printing of compactness data simultaneously.But have testing result accurately detection level compaction in layers degree, advantage such as can detect in real time.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional axle side synoptic diagram that the present invention detects testing table;
Fig. 2 is that the present invention detects the testing table master and looks synoptic diagram;
Fig. 3 is that the present invention detects the testing table schematic top plan view;
Fig. 4 is that the present invention detects a testing table left side and looks synoptic diagram;
Fig. 5 is that soil filling device axle side of the present invention is launched synoptic diagram;
Fig. 6 is a test control system schematic block circuit diagram of the present invention.
Respectively be labeled as among the figure: 1, motor, 2, hoistable platform, 3, tooth bar, 4, bearing seat, 5, pressure transducer; 6, hinge axis nut, 7, the up-down push rod, 8, motor, 9, train of reduction gears, 10, two-way drive screw; 11, articulated axle, 12, the leveling bolt, 13, stationary platform, 14, the spiral piece, 15, bearing seat; 16, soil filling device overcoat, 17, soil filling device, 18, the firming dish, 19, the hinge Button Block, 20, reference test bar; 21, stud bolt, 22, the articulated axle bolt, 23, power module, 24, the forward direction travel switch, 25, the back is to travel switch; 26, infrared sensor, 27, data acquisition controller, 28, power module, 29, notebook computer, 30, test record software.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the present invention is done further elaboration.
Embodiment 1: referring to Fig. 1,2,3,4,5,6; This soil compactness proving installation comprises detection testing table, test macro and simulated soil compaction apparatus; Detecting testing table is made up of hoistable platform and fixed frame; Be connected through two pairs of up-down push rods 7 between hoistable platform and the fixed frame, the detection means of test macro is loaded on respectively on hoistable platform, fixed frame and the associated components.
Fixed frame partly comprises two pairs of up-down push rods 7, reducing motor 8, train of reduction gears 9, a pair of two-way drive screw 10, leveling bolt 12, stationary platform 13, the two pairs of spiral pieces 14, bearing seat 15, infrared sensor 26.Two pairs of bearing seats 15 are fixed on stationary platform 13 both sides; Two two-way drive screws 10 are through two pairs of bearing seat 15 parallel supports; Two-way drive screw 10 is on one side for left-handed, another side are dextrorotation, and rotation set on it, two pairs of spiral pieces 14 cooperating with it are respectively corresponding left-handed and dextrorotation structure; The gear that modulus is a standard value is housed on motor 8 output shafts, and an end of two two-way drive screws 10 is equipped with the reduction gearing with this motor 8 output shaft gears engagement respectively, and they form train of reduction gears 9 jointly; Two pairs of spiral piece 14 tops are provided with the hinge Button Block structure that is hinged with push rod 7 lower ends of going up and down; Leveling bolt 12 is installed in stationary platform 13 bottoms, to regulate the level of stationary platform 13; Infrared sensor 26 is installed in stationary platform 13 1 ends, to detect the adjustable height of hoistable platform 2; Each parts is fixed through plain screw and bolt, and bearing seat 15 is the bearing seat of interior cover standard series bearing, the fixedly employing common key connected mode of gear and axle.
Test control system comprises that pressure transducer 5, power module 23, forward direction travel switch 24 and back are to travel switch 25, infrared sensor 26, data acquisition controller 27, power module 28, notebook computer 29 and test record software 30.Pressure transducer 5, forward direction travel switch 24, back link to each other with the connection terminal of data acquisition controller 27 to the output of travel switch 25 and infrared sensor 26; Power module 23 is pressure transducer 5 power supplies; Power module 28 is data acquisition controller 27 power supplies; The lead-out terminal of data acquisition controller 27 links to each other with the control loop of motor 1 with motor 8; Be connected through Serial Port Line between the plug-in self-operating state that is set to switch on, data acquisition controller 27 and notebook computer 29, the data of transmission realize functions such as demonstrations, storage, analysis and printing by being installed in the computer 29 independently developed test record software 30 therebetween.Data acquisition controller 27 comprises normal signal treatment circuit, 80188CPU and motor range control circuit, is furnished with that module is imported/gone out to 12 multichannel analog amounts, module is imported/gone out to digital quantity; Power module 23,28 is common alternating current-direct current transformer or small battery, and pressure transducer 5, travel switch 24 and 25, infrared sensor 26 are common commercially available prod.
The simulated soil compaction apparatus comprises tubular soil filling device 17, soil filling device overcoat 16 and the firming dish 18 of upper shed; Soil filling device overcoat 16, soil filling device 17 and firming dish 18 are nested successively from outside to inside; Soil filling device 17 perisporium upper edge radial symmetry, divide 5 layers to have 6 row inspecting holes (every interval 60 degree are offered 1 row inspecting hole) from top to bottom; Every layer of mutual vertical interval of inspecting hole is 5cm, and the diameter of each inspecting hole is 4cm.
Embodiment 2: referring to Fig. 1,2,3,4,5,6; This soil compactness proving installation comprises detection testing table, test macro and simulated soil compaction apparatus; Detecting testing table is made up of hoistable platform and fixed frame; Be connected through two pairs of up-down push rods 7 between hoistable platform and the fixed frame, the detection means of test macro is loaded on respectively on hoistable platform, fixed frame and the associated components.The soil filling device 17 perisporium upper edge radial symmetry of simulated soil compaction apparatus, divide 6 layers to have 4 row inspecting holes (every interval 90 degree are offered 1 row inspecting hole) from top to bottom, every layer of mutual vertical interval of inspecting hole is 3cm, and the diameter of each inspecting hole is 3cm.Each ingredient of all the other of whole device and annexation are identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3:Referring to Fig. 1,2,3,4,5,6; This soil compactness proving installation comprises detection testing table, test macro and simulated soil compaction apparatus; Detecting testing table is made up of hoistable platform and fixed frame; Be connected through two pairs of up-down push rods 7 between hoistable platform and the fixed frame, the detection means of test macro is loaded on respectively on hoistable platform, fixed frame and the associated components.The soil filling device 17 perisporium upper edge radial symmetry of simulated soil compaction apparatus, divide 4 layers to have 9 row inspecting holes (every interval 40 degree are offered 1 row inspecting hole) from top to bottom, every layer of mutual vertical interval of inspecting hole is 6cm, and the diameter of each inspecting hole is 3.5cm.Each ingredient of all the other of whole device and annexation are identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4: referring to Fig. 1,2,3,4,5,6; This soil compactness proving installation comprises detection testing table, test macro; Detecting testing table is made up of hoistable platform and fixed frame; Be connected through two pairs of up-down push rods 7 between hoistable platform and the fixed frame, the detection means of test macro is loaded on respectively on hoistable platform, fixed frame and the associated components.Detection makes an experiment in the field, and this device need not the simulated soil compaction apparatus, and all the other each ingredients and annexation are identical with embodiment 1.During use, carry out the soil layer planing surface in the field, table apparatus and the installation of proving installation each several part are got final product with reference to embodiment 1.
It below only is a kind of soil compaction method of testing of a present invention and system implementation example; In the scope that does not change aim of the present invention, can carry out various variations; Only otherwise exceed claim of the present invention institute restricted portion, all belong to the present invention's scope required for protection.
Claims (6)
1. soil compaction proving installation; It is characterized in that: comprise and detect testing table and test control system; Detecting testing table partly is made up of hoistable platform part and fixed frame; Be connected through two pairs of up-down push rods (7) between hoistable platform and the fixed frame, the detection means of test macro is loaded on respectively on hoistable platform, fixed frame and the associated components.
2. soil compaction proving installation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the rack support mechanism (4) that the hoistable platform that detects testing table partly comprises reducing motor (1), hoistable platform (2), tooth bar (3), is made up of gear and back shaft thereof and bearing seat, pressure transducer (5), forward direction travel switch (24) and afterwards to travel switch (25), reference test bar (20); Fixed electrical machinery (1) and rack support mechanism (4) above the hoistable platform (2), below be provided with two couple who is hinged with push rod (7) upper end of going up and down and cut with scissors Button Block (19); Motor (1) is fixed on and is equipped with on hoistable platform (2) medium position, its output shaft and tooth bar (3) meshed gears; The bearing seat of rack support mechanism (4) is fixed on hoistable platform (2) both sides, its wheel and rack (3) engagement; Reference test bar (20) leading section is the conical structure that meets the ASAE standard; Pressure transducer (5) connects solid through bolt (21) and tooth bar (3) right-hand member head and reference test bar (20) tail end, forward direction travel switch (24) and back are loaded on tooth bar (3) respectively to travel switch (25) and go up the appropriate location.
3. soil compaction proving installation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the fixed frame that detects testing table partly comprise two pairs of up-down push rods (7, reducing motor (8), train of reduction gears (9), a pair of two-way drive screw (10), leveling bolt (12), stationary platform (13), two pairs of spiral pieces (14), bearing seat (15), infrared sensor (26); (15 are fixed on stationary platform (13 both sides to two pairs of bearing seats; Two two-way drive screws (10) are through the parallel support of two pairs of bearing seats (15); Two-way drive screw (10) is dextrorotation for left-handed, another side on one side; Two pairs of spiral pieces (14) that rotation set cooperates on it, with it are respectively corresponding left-handed and dextrorotation structure; On motor (8) output shaft gear is housed, an end of two two-way drive screws (10) is equipped with the reduction gearing that with the engagement of motor (8) output shaft gear, also forms train of reduction gears (9) jointly respectively, and two pairs of spiral pieces (14) top is provided with the hinge Button Block structure that is hinged with push rod (7) lower end of going up and down; (12 are installed in stationary platform (13) bottom to the leveling bolt, and infrared sensor (26) is installed in stationary platform (13) one ends.
4. soil compaction proving installation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: test control system comprises that pressure transducer (5), power module (23), forward direction travel switch (24) and back are to travel switch (25), infrared sensor (26), data acquisition controller (27), power module (28), computer (29) and test record software (30); Pressure transducer (5), forward direction travel switch (24), back link to each other with the connection terminal of data acquisition controller (27) to the output of travel switch (25) and infrared sensor (26); Power module (23) is pressure transducer (5) power supply; Power module (28) is data acquisition controller (27) power supply; The lead-out terminal of data acquisition controller (27) links to each other with the control loop of motor (1) with motor (8); The plug-in self-operating state that is set to switch on; Be connected through Serial Port Line between data acquisition controller 27 and the computer (29), test record software (30) is for being installed in computer (29) in the program of realization data presentation, storage, analysis and printing, and data acquisition controller (27) comprises normal signal treatment circuit, CPU and motor range control circuit.
5. according to claim 1,2 or 3 described soil compaction proving installations; It is characterized in that: proving installation also comprises the simulated soil compaction apparatus; This device comprises tubular soil filling device (17), soil filling device overcoat (16) and the firming dish (18) of upper shed; Soil filling device overcoat (16), soil filling device (17) and firming dish (18) are nested successively from outside to inside, and soil filling device (17) perisporium upper edge radial symmetry, the branch multilayer has the multiple row inspecting hole from top to bottom.
6. soil compaction proving installation according to claim 4 is characterized in that: the number of plies of inspecting hole is that 4-6 layer, columns are the 4-9 row on soil filling device (17) perisporium, and the mutual vertical interval of every row layer inspecting hole is 3-6cm, and the diameter of each inspecting hole is 3-4cm.
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| CN201110292610.XA CN102445529B (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2011-09-30 | A kind of soil compaction degree test device |
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| CN201110292610.XA CN102445529B (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2011-09-30 | A kind of soil compaction degree test device |
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| CN102879273A (en) * | 2012-10-09 | 2013-01-16 | 中天科技精密材料有限公司 | Measuring device and measuring method for loose degree of powder bar |
| CN104165980A (en) * | 2014-06-16 | 2014-11-26 | 同济大学 | Experimental device with soil horizontal displacement and pressure integrated observation assembly |
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| CN109633127A (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2019-04-16 | 山东省农业机械科学研究院 | A kind of soil compaction measuring means, device and method |
| CN110398431A (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2019-11-01 | 吉林大学 | A kind of soil resistance measuring device |
| CN112895719A (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2021-06-04 | 温州恒寅贸易有限公司 | Prevent short circuit and be applicable to UV flatbed printer of different material air brushing |
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| CN114541364A (en) * | 2022-02-22 | 2022-05-27 | 中铁一局集团厦门建设工程有限公司 | Tamping system with soil parameter obtaining function and soil parameter obtaining method |
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