CN102445239B - Novel water metering method for open channel based on multi-point water level - Google Patents
Novel water metering method for open channel based on multi-point water level Download PDFInfo
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- CN102445239B CN102445239B CN 201110285079 CN201110285079A CN102445239B CN 102445239 B CN102445239 B CN 102445239B CN 201110285079 CN201110285079 CN 201110285079 CN 201110285079 A CN201110285079 A CN 201110285079A CN 102445239 B CN102445239 B CN 102445239B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel water metering method for an open channel based on multi-point water level. The invention discloses a water level detecting method based digital image processing, wherein a traditional water gauge is used to simulate a principle that a worker gathers the water level data, so that real-time colour image data of the water gauge is acquired by a camera head; a modern intelligent digital image processing technology is used to divide out a waterline, and the practical water level data is acquired by calculating; finally, the overflowing amount in the open channel is calculated according to a manning formula. The overflowing amount in the open channel can be quickly, simply and real-time reflected by simulating the principle that the worker gathers the water level data, and employing the camera head and the image processing software. The hardware related by the method is only the camera head and a computer, thus the installation is simple, and the maintenance is easy.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of engineering technology, be specifically related to a kind of based on traditional hydraulics of open channels theoretical combine with the modern computer computing technique the new method of measurement open channel inflow-rate of water turbine.
Background technology
Equipment of water measuring in irrigation district and measuring technology are the basic measures of water and Controlled irrigation quality of realizing a plan, and are to carry out by square charge, promote water-saving essential tool and means.The method that the irrigated area water gaging is commonly used comprises: the one, utilize the hydraulic structure water gaging, and characteristics are comparatively economical and easy; The 2nd, utilize ad hoc water measure equipment water gaging, characteristics are that comparison of results is accurate, but cost of equipment is higher, and generally when not having hydraulic structure or existing hydraulic structure can not be used for water gaging, or the water gaging precision that requires adopts when surpassing the precision that hydraulic structure can reach; The 3rd, utilize the current meter water gaging, characteristics are that achievement is accurate, but expense is high, how testing and calculate is numerous and diversely used in situation about can not utilize without water conservancy project buildings and ad hoc water measure equipment, simultaneously also must auxiliary level measuring for open channel; The 4th, utilize the buoy water gaging, characteristics are economic simple water-saving irrigation, but precision is low, also needs auxiliary level measuring simultaneously; The 5th, utilize the water gauge water gaging, common practices is in stable all straight, the canal sections that do not have backwater effect of section water-level measuring post to be set, and utilizes stage discharge relation to survey water, or installs the flow chi of making through conversion, directly survey and read flow, but precision is slightly poor.
Can find out that from the basic skills of above irrigated area water gaging the water measure equipment and the technology that adopt at present exist such as various shortcomings such as cost are high, precision is low, installation and maintenance are difficult, can not satisfy the whole requirement of modern irrigated areas administration.Though wherein the level measuring precision is slightly poor, because the testing simple, intuitive, is easy to be accepted and be convenient to automatic Observation by numerous water users, thereby all occupies very consequence at the irrigated area water consumption measurement and even in whole Irrigation District Information Establishment.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: a kind of level testing methods based on Digital Image Processing is provided, can reflects fast, simply, in real time the inflow-rate of water turbine in the canal section.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme that adopts to be: the Novel water metering method for open channel based on multi-point water level is characterized in that: it may further comprise the steps:
Step 1) gauge is arranged on active cross-section, camera is installed in gauge the place ahead, guarantee to obtain the gauge top to the original image of the water surface, the locality of gauge in original image is positive and negative 6 degree of vertical direction;
Step 2) original image is carried out denoising: carry out respectively colour and strengthen and Gaussian smoothing, the view data after then will processing is transformed into the HSV space by rgb space, extracts color component corresponding to scale label wherein;
Step 3) the HSV spatial image being carried out slant correction processes: by in the anglec of rotation allows the space each anglec of rotation being traveled through, measure with projected area, select the projected area anglec of rotation hour as actual angle of inclination, according to actual angle of inclination the HSV spatial image is rotated conversion, makes gauge strictly vertical gauge regional area image rotation;
Step 4) to the gauge through image after the rotational transform, in the vertical direction is analyzed, find the solution the shared pixel count n of each scale grid of gauge and gauge start position according to the scale regularity of distribution of gauge, the shade intersection of gauge is defined as water surface site;
Step 5) obtains the pixel count N of gauge on the water surface according to gauge start position and water surface site, calculate the scale grid quantity i=N/n that gauge accounts for more than the water surface, true altitude value d according to a scale grid representative obtains the height D=d*i of gauge more than the water surface, finally obtain depth of water H=L-D, wherein L is the gauge overall length;
Step 6) according to depth of water H, by method of weighted mean, uses Manning formula Q=FR
2/3I
1/2/ n calculates the inflow-rate of water turbine Q in this moment canal section; Wherein F is cross-sectional area, and I is the flood gradient, and n is the coefficient of roughness, and R is hydraulic radius, and R is depth of water H in this method.
Press such scheme, it is positive and negative 6 degree of vertical direction that the described anglec of rotation allows the space.
Press such scheme, the scale grid of described gauge is arranged by the letter e positive and negative alternate and is formed, and the size of each scale grid is determined that by the whole height of E font the true altitude value d of a scale grid representative inputs computing machine by the user.
Press such scheme, it also comprises step 7) at 2-5 gauge of same active cross-section scattering device, each gauge repeating step 1)-6), last averaged.
Press such scheme, described gauge background color is white, and the scale grid is red; Described colored enhancing is processed and is specifically comprised: full figure is scanned, obtain respectively R, G component pRed and the pGreen of colour picture, set threshold values T, difference by pRed in each pixel and pGreen component, determining whether the red pixel point with threshold values T contrast, if red point, the value that then changes pRed and pGreen strengthens the effect of scale grid in the picture.
Press such scheme, described Gaussian smoothing specifically carries out the nuclear convolution operation of 3*3 by opencv Gaussian smoothing function to image, to image noise reduction filtering.
Principle of work of the present invention is: adopt traditional gauge, analog operation personnel gather the principle of waterlevel data, obtain the real-time color view data of gauge by camera, adopt modern intelligent digital image processing techniques, be partitioned into waterline, by calculating actual waterlevel data, at last according to the inflow-rate of water turbine in the Manning formula calculating canal section.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, gathers the principle of waterlevel data by the analog operation personnel, utilize camera and image processing software, can reflect fast, simply, in real time the inflow-rate of water turbine in the canal section.
2, by the processing of step 2 and 3 pairs of images, the advantage of acceleration, the identification of accurate water level value is arranged.
3, by being set, a plurality of gauges measure mean value, so that computational data is more accurate.
4, the related hardware of the inventive method only is camera and computing machine, installs simply, is easy to safeguard.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is process flow diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the collection in worksite synoptic diagram.
Fig. 3 is that open channel inflow-rate of water turbine surveyors' staff arranges synoptic diagram.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is process flow diagram of the present invention, may further comprise the steps:
Step 1) camera is installed in gauge the place ahead, as shown in Figure 2, guarantees to obtain the gauge top to the original image of the water surface, the locality of gauge in original image is positive and negative 6 degree of vertical direction.
Step 2) original image is carried out denoising: carry out respectively colour and strengthen and Gaussian smoothing, the view data after then will processing is transformed into the HSV space by rgb space, extracts luminance component corresponding to scale label wherein.
In the present embodiment, the gauge background color is white, and the scale grid is red; Described colored enhancing is processed and is specifically comprised: full figure is scanned, obtain respectively R, G component pRed and the pGreen of colour picture, set threshold values T, difference by pRed in each pixel and pGreen component, determining whether the red pixel point with threshold values T contrast, if red point, the value that then changes pRed and pGreen strengthens the effect of scale grid in the picture.
Gaussian smoothing: by opencv Gaussian smoothing function cvSmooth () picture is carried out the nuclear convolution operation of 3*3, to the picture noise reduction filtering.Such as the matrix M of 3*3={ 1 ,-2,1,2,-4,2,1 ,-2,1} at first navigates to a pixel of image with the reference point of nuclear, and the abutment points of other element correspondence image of nuclear multiplies each other by nuclear value and the value of correspondence image and to sue for peace and the result is placed on position corresponding to image reference point.
Transfer function cvCvtcolor () according to opencv becomes the HSV image to the RGB image transitions.To full figure scanning, determine the position of water gauge white portion in image by luminance component, be partitioned into water gauge.Wherein the transfer function cvCvtcolor () of opencv is conventional standard handovers function.
Transfer algorithm is:
Max＝Max(R，G，B)；Min＝Min(R，G，B)；
r＝(Max-R)/(Max-Min)；g＝(Max-G)/(Max-Min)；b＝(Max-B)/(Max-Min)；
V＝Max(R，G，B)；
If?Max＝0?then?S＝0?and?H＝180?else?Max！＝0?then?S＝(Max-Min)/Max；
If(R＝＝Max)H＝(G-B)/(Max-Min)；
If(G＝＝Max)H＝2+(B-R)/(Max-Min)；
If(B＝＝Max)H＝4+(R-G)/(Max-Min)；
H*＝60；
If(H＜0)H+＝360；
Step 3) the HSV spatial image being carried out slant correction processes: by in the anglec of rotation allows the space each anglec of rotation being traveled through, measure with projected area, select the projected area anglec of rotation hour as actual angle of inclination, according to actual angle of inclination the HSV spatial image is rotated conversion, makes gauge strictly vertical gauge regional area image rotation.
In the present embodiment, it is positive and negative 6 degree of vertical direction that the anglec of rotation allows the space.
Step 4) to the gauge through image after the rotational transform, in the vertical direction is analyzed, find the solution the shared pixel count n of each scale grid of gauge and gauge start position according to the scale regularity of distribution of gauge, the shade intersection of gauge is defined as water surface site.
Step 5) obtains the pixel count N of gauge on the water surface according to gauge start position and water surface site, calculate the scale grid quantity i=N/n that gauge accounts for more than the water surface, true altitude value d according to a scale grid representative obtains the height D=d*i of gauge more than the water surface, finally obtain depth of water H=L-D, wherein L is the gauge overall length;
In the present embodiment, the scale grid of gauge is to be arranged by the letter e positive and negative alternate to form, and the size of each scale grid is determined that by the whole height of E font the true altitude value d of a scale grid representative inputs computing machine by the user.
Step 6) according to depth of water H, by method of weighted mean, uses Manning formula Q=FR
2/3I
1/2/ n calculates the inflow-rate of water turbine Q in this moment canal section; Wherein F is cross-sectional area, and I is the flood gradient, and n is the coefficient of roughness, and R is hydraulic radius, and R is depth of water H in this method.
In order to obtain more accurate data, present embodiment also comprises step 7) as shown in Figure 3, at control section d
Control3 gauges 1 of upper scattering device, 2,3, between gauge 1 and the gauge 2 apart from d
12, between gauge 2 and the gauge 3 apart from d
23Can determine arbitrarily each gauge repeating step 1)-6), last averaged.
During a plurality of gauge, according to the scope that position and the camera of gauge can photograph, the quantity of camera is set.If a camera can photograph all gauges, then only a camera need be set, when image is processed, each gauge is processed getting final product respectively.
The full name of opencv is: Open Source Computer Vision Library is a cross-platform computer vision storehouse of issuing based on BSD licence mandate (increasing income), may operate on Linux, Windows and the Mac OS operating system.
Claims (4)
1. based on the Novel water metering method for open channel of multi-point water level, it is characterized in that: it may further comprise the steps:
Step 1) is arranged on active cross-section with gauge, and camera is installed in gauge the place ahead, guarantees to obtain the gauge top to the original image of the water surface, and the locality of gauge in original image is positive and negative 6 degree of vertical direction;
Step 2) original image is carried out denoising: carry out respectively colour and strengthen and Gaussian smoothing, the view data after then will processing is transformed into the HSV space by rgb space, extracts color component corresponding to scale label wherein;
Step 3) is carried out slant correction to the HSV spatial image and is processed: by in the anglec of rotation allows the space each anglec of rotation being traveled through, measure with projected area, select the projected area anglec of rotation hour as actual angle of inclination, according to actual angle of inclination the HSV spatial image is rotated conversion, makes gauge strictly vertical gauge regional area image rotation;
Step 4) is to the gauge through image after the rotational transform, and in the vertical direction is analyzed, and finds the solution the shared pixel count of each scale grid of gauge according to the scale regularity of distribution of gauge
nAnd the gauge start position, the shade intersection of gauge is defined as water surface site;
Step 5) obtains the pixel count of gauge on the water surface according to gauge start position and water surface site
N, calculate the scale grid quantity that gauge accounts for more than the water surface
I=N/n, according to the true altitude value of a scale grid representative
dObtain the height of gauge more than the water surface
D=d*i, finally obtain the depth of water
H=L-D, wherein
LBe the gauge overall length;
Step 6) is according to the depth of water
H, by method of weighted mean, use Manning formula
Q=FR 2/3 I 1/2/
nCalculate the inflow-rate of water turbine in this moment canal section
QWherein
FBe cross-sectional area,
IBe the flood gradient,
nBe the coefficient of roughness,
RBe hydraulic radius, in this method
RBe the depth of water
H
Described gauge background color is white, and the scale grid is red; Described colored enhancing is processed and is specifically comprised: full figure is scanned, obtain respectively R, G component pRed and the pGreen of colour picture, set threshold values T, difference by pRed in each pixel and pGreen component, determining whether the red pixel point with threshold values T contrast, if red point, the value that then changes pRed and pGreen strengthens the effect of scale grid in the picture;
Described Gaussian smoothing specifically carries out the nuclear convolution operation of 3*3 by opencv Gaussian smoothing function to image, to image noise reduction filtering.
2. the Novel water metering method for open channel based on multi-point water level according to claim 1 is characterized in that: it is positive and negative 6 degree of vertical direction that the described anglec of rotation allows the space.
3. the Novel water metering method for open channel based on multi-point water level according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the scale grid of described gauge is arranged by the letter e positive and negative alternate and is formed, the size of each scale grid is determined by the whole height of E font, the true altitude value of a scale grid representative
dInput computing machine by the user.
4. the Novel water metering method for open channel based on multi-point water level according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: it also comprises 2-5 gauge of step 7) scattering device, each gauge repeating step 1)-5), last averaged.
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| CN103017869B (en) * | 2012-11-28 | 2015-07-29 | 华南农业大学 | A kind of water stage measurement system and method based on Digital Image Processing |
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| CN104535123A (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2015-04-22 | 太原理工大学 | Online automatic channel flow measuring method |
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| CN105547405A (en) * | 2016-03-07 | 2016-05-04 | 左嘉志 | Water level measuring method and system |
| CN105973342A (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2016-09-28 | 湖南相水缘水利科技有限公司 | Intelligent water level monitoring system |
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| CN108960070A (en) * | 2018-06-05 | 2018-12-07 | 河海大学文天学院 | A kind of water level elevation detection system and its method |
| CN109029203A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2018-12-18 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of semi-automatic measuring dimension of object device based on Digital Image Processing |
| CN110567531A (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2019-12-13 | 武汉联宇技术股份有限公司 | Rectangular cross section open channel water flow measuring device that overflows |
| CN110736512A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-01-31 | 上海交通大学 | farmland drainage flow monitoring system based on image acquisition |
| CN111259890A (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2020-06-09 | 深圳市宏电技术股份有限公司 | Water level identification method, device and equipment of water level gauge |
| CN113435442B (en) * | 2021-05-07 | 2022-11-25 | 三峡大学 | Water level measuring method and device, water gauge and electronic equipment |
| CN115808222B (en) * | 2022-08-01 | 2023-06-13 | 长江水利委员会水文局 | Inclination self-adaptive water level monitoring method |
| CN116311796B (en) * | 2022-12-16 | 2023-08-25 | 华南农业大学 | River course flood control early warning system based on computer vision discernment |
| CN116663223A (en) * | 2023-02-09 | 2023-08-29 | 北方工业大学 | Dam break flood evolution prediction method based on wave breaking principle |
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