CN102445239A - Novel water metering method for open channel based on multi-point water level - Google Patents

Novel water metering method for open channel based on multi-point water level Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102445239A
CN102445239A CN2011102850793A CN201110285079A CN102445239A CN 102445239 A CN102445239 A CN 102445239A CN 2011102850793 A CN2011102850793 A CN 2011102850793A CN 201110285079 A CN201110285079 A CN 201110285079A CN 102445239 A CN102445239 A CN 102445239A
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gauge
water
water level
open channel
image
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CN102445239B (en
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桂子荣
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UnyTech Engineering Technology (Wuhan) Co.,Ltd.
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UNYTECH ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY (WUHAN) Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a novel water metering method for an open channel based on multi-point water level. The invention discloses a water level detecting method based digital image processing, wherein a traditional water gauge is used to simulate a principle that a worker gathers the water level data, so that real-time colour image data of the water gauge is acquired by a camera head; a modern intelligent digital image processing technology is used to divide out a waterline, and the practical water level data is acquired by calculating; finally, the overflowing amount in the open channel is calculated according to a manning formula. The overflowing amount in the open channel can be quickly, simply and real-time reflected by simulating the principle that the worker gathers the water level data, and employing the camera head and the image processing software. The hardware related by the method is only the camera head and a computer, thus the installation is simple, and the maintenance is easy.

Description

Open channel water gaging new method based on the multiple spot water level
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of engineering technology, be specifically related to a kind of based on traditional hydraulics of open channels theoretical combine with the modern computer computing technique the new method of measurement open channel inflow-rate of water turbine.
Background technology
Irrigated area water measure equipment and measuring technology are realize a plan water and the basic measures of controlling the quality of pouring water, are to carry out by square charge, the water-saving essential tool of promotion and means.The method that the irrigated area water gaging is commonly used comprises: the one, utilize the hydraulic structure water gaging, and characteristics are comparatively economical and easy; The 2nd, utilize ad hoc water measure equipment water gaging; Characteristics are that achievement is more accurate; But cost of equipment is higher, and generally when not having hydraulic structure or existing hydraulic structure not to be used for water gaging, or the water gaging precision that requires adopts when surpassing the precision that hydraulic structure can reach; The 3rd, utilize the current meter water gaging, characteristics are that achievement is accurate, but expense is high, testing with calculate numerous and diversely, how under no water conservancy project buildings and ad hoc water measure equipment situation not capable of using, use, also must assist level measuring to open channel simultaneously; The 4th, utilize the buoy water gaging, characteristics are economic simple water-saving irrigation, but precision is low, also need assist level measuring simultaneously; The 5th, utilize the water gauge water gaging, common practices is in section is stablized all straight, as not have backwater effect canal section, water-level measuring post to be set, and utilizes stage discharge relation to survey water, or installs the flow chi of processing through converting, the direct survey read flow, but precision is poor slightly.
The basic skills of water gaging can be found out from above irrigated area, and the water measure equipment and the technology that adopt at present exist such as various shortcomings such as cost is high, precision is low, installation and maintenance difficulties, can not satisfy the whole requirement of modern irrigated areas administration.Though wherein the level measuring precision is poor slightly, because the testing simple, intuitive, is easy to accepted and be convenient to automatic observation, thereby all occupies crucial status at the irrigated area water consumption measurement and even in the whole irrigation district informatization by numerous water users.
Summary of the invention
The technical matters that the present invention will solve is: a kind of level testing methods based on Digital Image Processing is provided, can reflects the inflow-rate of water turbine in the canal section fast, simply, in real time.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme that is adopted to be: based on the open channel water gaging new method of multiple spot water level, it is characterized in that: it may further comprise the steps:
Step 1) is arranged on active cross-section with gauge, and camera is installed in gauge the place ahead, guarantees to obtain the original image of gauge top to the water surface, and the locality of gauge in original image is positive and negative 6 degree of vertical direction;
Step 2) original image is carried out denoising: carry out colour respectively and strengthen and Gauss's smoothing processing, the view data after will handling then is transformed into the HSV space by rgb space, extracts the corresponding color component of scale label wherein;
Step 3) is carried out slant correction to the HSV spatial image and is handled: through in the anglec of rotation allows the space, each anglec of rotation being traveled through; Measure with projected area; Select the projected area anglec of rotation hour as actual angle of inclination; Based on actual angle of inclination the HSV spatial image is rotated conversion, makes gauge vertically strict the rotation of gauge regional area image;
Step 4) is to the gauge through image after the rotational transform; In the vertical direction is analyzed; Find the solution shared pixel count n of each scale grid of gauge and gauge start position according to the scale regularity of distribution of gauge, the shade intersection of gauge is confirmed as water surface site;
Step 5) obtains the pixel count N of gauge on the water surface according to gauge start position and water surface site; Calculate the scale grid quantity i=N/n that gauge accounts for more than the water surface; True altitude value d according to a scale grid representative obtains the height D=d*i of gauge more than the water surface; Finally obtain depth of water H=L-D, wherein L is the gauge length overall;
Step 6) through method of weighted mean, is used Manning formula Q=FR according to depth of water H 2/3I 1/2/ n calculates this interior inflow-rate of water turbine Q of canal section constantly; Wherein F is a cross-sectional area, and I is the flood gradient, and n is the coefficient of roughness, and R is a hydraulic radius, and R is depth of water H in this method.
Press such scheme, it is positive and negative 6 degree of vertical direction that the described anglec of rotation allows the space.
Press such scheme, the scale grid of described gauge is arranged by the letter e positive and negative alternate and is formed, and the size of each scale grid is by the whole height decision of E font, and the true altitude value d of a scale grid representative imports computing machine by the user.
Press such scheme, it comprises that also step 7) is provided with 2-5 gauge, each gauge repeating step 1 in same active cross-section dispersion)-6), last averaged.
Press such scheme, described gauge background color is a white, and the scale grid is red; Described colored enhancement process specifically comprises: full figure is scanned; Obtain R, G component pRed and the pGreen of colour picture respectively; Set threshold values T,, judging whether to be the red pixel point with threshold values T contrast through the difference of pRed in each pixel and pGreen component; If red point, the value that then changes pRed and pGreen strengthens the effect of scale grid in the picture.
Press such scheme, said Gauss's smoothing processing is specifically carried out the nuclear convolution operation of 3*3 through opencv Gauss smooth function to image, to image noise reduction filtering.
Principle of work of the present invention is: adopt traditional gauge; Analog operation personnel gather the principle of waterlevel data; Obtain the real-time color view data of gauge through camera, adopt modern intelligent digital image processing techniques, be partitioned into waterline; Through calculating actual waterlevel data, calculate the inflow-rate of water turbine in the canal section according to Manning formula at last.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, gathers the principle of waterlevel data through the analog operation personnel, utilize camera and image processing software, can reflect the inflow-rate of water turbine in the canal section fast, simply, in real time.
2,, the advantage of acceleration, accurate water level value identification is arranged through step 2 and 3 pairs of treatment of picture.
3, through a plurality of gauge average value measured are set, make computational data more accurate.
4, the related hardware of the inventive method is merely camera and computing machine, installs simply, is easy to safeguard.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the collection in worksite synoptic diagram.
Fig. 3 is provided with synoptic diagram for open channel inflow-rate of water turbine surveyors' staff.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention, may further comprise the steps:
Step 1) is installed in gauge the place ahead with camera, and is as shown in Figure 2, guarantees to obtain the original image of gauge top to the water surface, and the locality of gauge in original image is positive and negative 6 degree of vertical direction.
Step 2) original image is carried out denoising: carry out colour respectively and strengthen and Gauss's smoothing processing, the view data after will handling then is transformed into the HSV space by rgb space, extracts the corresponding luminance component of scale label wherein.
In the present embodiment, the gauge background color is a white, and the scale grid is red; Described colored enhancement process specifically comprises: full figure is scanned; Obtain R, G component pRed and the pGreen of colour picture respectively; Set threshold values T,, judging whether to be the red pixel point with threshold values T contrast through the difference of pRed in each pixel and pGreen component; If red point, the value that then changes pRed and pGreen strengthens the effect of scale grid in the picture.
Gauss's smoothing processing: through opencv Gauss smooth function cvSmooth () picture is carried out the nuclear convolution operation of 3*3, to the picture noise reduction filtering.Matrix M={ 1 ,-2,1,2 like 3*3;-4,2,1 ,-2; 1} at first navigates to a pixel of image with the RP of nuclear, and the abutment points of other element correspondence image of nuclear multiplies each other through nuclear value and the value of correspondence image and to sue for peace and the result is placed on the corresponding position of image reference point.
Transfer function cvCvtcolor () according to opencv becomes the HSV image to the RGB image transitions.To full figure scanning, confirm the position of water gauge white portion in image through luminance component, be partitioned into water gauge.Wherein the transfer function cvCvtcolor () of opencv is conventional standard handovers function.
Transfer algorithm is:
Max=Max(R,G,B);Min=Min(R,G,B);
r=(Max-R)/(Max-Min);g=(Max-G)/(Max-Min);b=(Max-B)/(Max-Min);
V=Max(R,G,B);
If?Max=0?then?S=0?and?H=180?else?Max!=0?then?S=(Max-Min)/Max;
If(R==Max)H=(G-B)/(Max-Min);
If(G==Max)H=2+(B-R)/(Max-Min);
If(B==Max)H=4+(R-G)/(Max-Min);
H*=60;
If(H<0)H+=360;
Step 3) is carried out slant correction to the HSV spatial image and is handled: through in the anglec of rotation allows the space, each anglec of rotation being traveled through; Measure with projected area; Select the projected area anglec of rotation hour as actual angle of inclination; According to actual angle of inclination the HSV spatial image is rotated conversion, makes gauge vertically strict the rotation of gauge regional area image.
In the present embodiment, it is positive and negative 6 degree of vertical direction that the anglec of rotation allows the space.
Step 4) is to the gauge through image after the rotational transform; In the vertical direction is analyzed; Find the solution shared pixel count n of each scale grid of gauge and gauge start position according to the scale regularity of distribution of gauge, the shade intersection of gauge is confirmed as water surface site.
Step 5) obtains the pixel count N of gauge on the water surface according to gauge start position and water surface site; Calculate the scale grid quantity i=N/n that gauge accounts for more than the water surface; True altitude value d according to a scale grid representative obtains the height D=d*i of gauge more than the water surface; Finally obtain depth of water H=L-D, wherein L is the gauge length overall;
In the present embodiment, the scale grid of gauge is to be arranged by the letter e positive and negative alternate to form, and the size of each scale grid is by the whole height decision of E font, and the true altitude value d of a scale grid representative imports computing machine by the user.
Step 6) through method of weighted mean, is used Manning formula Q=FR according to depth of water H 2/3I 1/2/ n calculates this interior inflow-rate of water turbine Q of canal section constantly; Wherein F is a cross-sectional area, and I is the flood gradient, and n is the coefficient of roughness, and R is a hydraulic radius, and R is depth of water H in this method.
In order to obtain more accurate data, present embodiment comprises that also step 7) is as shown in Figure 3, at control section d ControlLast dispersion is provided with 3 gauges 1,2,3, between gauge 1 and the gauge 2 apart from d 12, between gauge 2 and the gauge 3 apart from d 23Can confirm each gauge repeating step 1 arbitrarily)-6), last averaged.
During a plurality of gauge,, the quantity of camera is set according to the scope that the position and the camera of gauge can photograph.If a camera can photograph all gauges, then only a camera need be set, during Flame Image Process, each gauge is handled getting final product respectively.
The full name of opencv is: Open Source Computer Vision Library is a cross-platform computer vision storehouse based on BSD licence mandate (increasing income) distribution, may operate on Linux, Windows and the Mac OS operating system.

Claims (6)

1. based on the open channel water gaging new method of multiple spot water level, it is characterized in that: it may further comprise the steps:
Step 1) is arranged on active cross-section with gauge, and camera is installed in gauge the place ahead, guarantees to obtain the original image of gauge top to the water surface, and the locality of gauge in original image is positive and negative 6 degree of vertical direction;
Step 2) original image is carried out denoising: carry out colour respectively and strengthen and Gauss's smoothing processing, the view data after will handling then is transformed into the HSV space by rgb space, extracts the corresponding color component of scale label wherein;
Step 3) is carried out slant correction to the HSV spatial image and is handled: through in the anglec of rotation allows the space, each anglec of rotation being traveled through; Measure with projected area; Select the projected area anglec of rotation hour as actual angle of inclination; Based on actual angle of inclination the HSV spatial image is rotated conversion, makes gauge vertically strict the rotation of gauge regional area image;
Step 4) is to the gauge through image after the rotational transform, and in the vertical direction is analyzed, and finds the solution the shared pixel count of each scale grid of gauge according to the scale regularity of distribution of gauge nAnd the gauge start position, the shade intersection of gauge is confirmed as water surface site;
Step 5) obtains the pixel count of gauge on the water surface according to gauge start position and water surface site N, calculate the scale grid quantity that gauge accounts for more than the water surface I=N/n, according to the true altitude value of a scale grid representative dObtain the height of gauge more than the water surface D=d*i, finally obtain the depth of water H=L-D, wherein LBe the gauge length overall;
Step 6) is according to the depth of water H,, use Manning formula through method of weighted mean Q=FR 2/3 I 1/2/ nCalculate the inflow-rate of water turbine in this moment canal section QWherein FBe cross-sectional area, IBe the flood gradient, nBe the coefficient of roughness, RBe hydraulic radius, in this method RBe the depth of water H
2. the open channel water gaging new method based on the multiple spot water level according to claim 1 is characterized in that: it is positive and negative 6 degree of vertical direction that the described anglec of rotation allows the space.
3. the open channel water gaging new method based on the multiple spot water level according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the scale grid of described gauge is arranged by the letter e positive and negative alternate and is formed; The size of each scale grid is by the whole height decision of E font, the true altitude value of a scale grid representative dImport computing machine by the user.
4. the open channel water gaging new method based on the multiple spot water level according to claim 1 is characterized in that: it comprises that also the step 7) dispersion is provided with 2-5 gauge, each gauge repeating step 1)-5), last averaged.
5. according to claim 1 or 4 described open channel water gaging new methods based on the multiple spot water level, it is characterized in that: described gauge background color is white, and the scale grid is red; Described colored enhancement process specifically comprises: full figure is scanned; Obtain R, G component pRed and the pGreen of colour picture respectively; Set threshold values T,, judging whether to be the red pixel point with threshold values T contrast through the difference of pRed in each pixel and pGreen component; If red point, the value that then changes pRed and pGreen strengthens the effect of scale grid in the picture.
6. according to claim 1 or 4 described open channel water gaging new methods based on the multiple spot water level, it is characterized in that: said Gauss's smoothing processing is specifically carried out the nuclear convolution operation of 3*3 through opencv Gauss smooth function to image, to image noise reduction filtering.
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CN103017869A (en) * 2012-11-28 2013-04-03 华南农业大学 Water level measuring system and method based on digital image processing
CN103148898A (en) * 2013-01-10 2013-06-12 济南大学 Device for online metering of flow of non-full-flow round pipe
CN105547405A (en) * 2016-03-07 2016-05-04 左嘉志 Water level measuring method and system
CN105973342A (en) * 2016-06-03 2016-09-28 湖南相水缘水利科技有限公司 Intelligent water level monitoring system
CN106886614A (en) * 2015-09-07 2017-06-23 中国水利水电科学研究院 A kind of assay method of the river course manning roughness based on steady nonuniform flow
CN108366204A (en) * 2018-03-05 2018-08-03 山东锋士信息技术有限公司 A kind of embedded stage-discharge calculates the Intelligent monitoring camera of model
CN108960070A (en) * 2018-06-05 2018-12-07 河海大学文天学院 A kind of water level elevation detection system and its method
CN109029203A (en) * 2018-08-31 2018-12-18 昆明理工大学 A kind of semi-automatic measuring dimension of object device based on Digital Image Processing
CN110736512A (en) * 2019-10-29 2020-01-31 上海交通大学 farmland drainage flow monitoring system based on image acquisition
CN111259890A (en) * 2020-01-19 2020-06-09 深圳市宏电技术股份有限公司 Water level identification method, device and equipment of water level gauge
CN113435442A (en) * 2021-05-07 2021-09-24 三峡大学 Water level measuring method and device, water gauge and electronic equipment
CN115808222A (en) * 2022-08-01 2023-03-17 长江水利委员会水文局 Inclination self-adaptive water level monitoring method
CN116311796A (en) * 2022-12-16 2023-06-23 华南农业大学 River course flood control early warning system based on computer vision discernment
CN116663223A (en) * 2023-02-09 2023-08-29 北方工业大学 Dam break flood evolution prediction method based on wave breaking principle

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Cited By (17)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103017869A (en) * 2012-11-28 2013-04-03 华南农业大学 Water level measuring system and method based on digital image processing
CN103148898A (en) * 2013-01-10 2013-06-12 济南大学 Device for online metering of flow of non-full-flow round pipe
CN106886614B (en) * 2015-09-07 2019-01-29 中国水利水电科学研究院 A kind of measuring method of the river manning roughness based on steady nonuniform flow
CN106886614A (en) * 2015-09-07 2017-06-23 中国水利水电科学研究院 A kind of assay method of the river course manning roughness based on steady nonuniform flow
CN105547405A (en) * 2016-03-07 2016-05-04 左嘉志 Water level measuring method and system
CN105973342A (en) * 2016-06-03 2016-09-28 湖南相水缘水利科技有限公司 Intelligent water level monitoring system
CN108366204A (en) * 2018-03-05 2018-08-03 山东锋士信息技术有限公司 A kind of embedded stage-discharge calculates the Intelligent monitoring camera of model
CN108960070A (en) * 2018-06-05 2018-12-07 河海大学文天学院 A kind of water level elevation detection system and its method
CN109029203A (en) * 2018-08-31 2018-12-18 昆明理工大学 A kind of semi-automatic measuring dimension of object device based on Digital Image Processing
CN110736512A (en) * 2019-10-29 2020-01-31 上海交通大学 farmland drainage flow monitoring system based on image acquisition
CN111259890A (en) * 2020-01-19 2020-06-09 深圳市宏电技术股份有限公司 Water level identification method, device and equipment of water level gauge
CN113435442A (en) * 2021-05-07 2021-09-24 三峡大学 Water level measuring method and device, water gauge and electronic equipment
CN115808222A (en) * 2022-08-01 2023-03-17 长江水利委员会水文局 Inclination self-adaptive water level monitoring method
CN115808222B (en) * 2022-08-01 2023-06-13 长江水利委员会水文局 Inclination self-adaptive water level monitoring method
CN116311796A (en) * 2022-12-16 2023-06-23 华南农业大学 River course flood control early warning system based on computer vision discernment
CN116311796B (en) * 2022-12-16 2023-08-25 华南农业大学 River course flood control early warning system based on computer vision discernment
CN116663223A (en) * 2023-02-09 2023-08-29 北方工业大学 Dam break flood evolution prediction method based on wave breaking principle

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