CN102436722A - Temperature control anti-cracking monitoring method for concrete dam - Google Patents
Temperature control anti-cracking monitoring method for concrete dam Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
公开了一种预测准确、适用范围广泛、预警实时的混凝土坝的温控防裂监测方法，包括以下步骤：(1)根据温控要素采用机器学习理论，建立支持向量机模型获得未来指定时间的温度场：(2)采用仿真分析方法确定指定时间段的预测温度数据和预测应力数据；(3)根据仿真计算与现场试验确定温度的控制指标及曲线、应力的控制目标及曲线；(4)根据现场温控实施情况和混凝土浇筑质量的离散性，确定温度控制预警曲线；(5)根据混凝土浇筑质量的离散性，确定应力控制预警曲线；(6)预警信息发布和处理。A temperature control and crack prevention monitoring method for concrete dams with accurate prediction, wide application range and real-time warning is disclosed, comprising the following steps: (1) using machine learning theory based on temperature control factors to establish a support vector machine model to obtain the temperature field at a specified time in the future; (2) using a simulation analysis method to determine the predicted temperature data and predicted stress data for a specified time period; (3) determining the temperature control index and curve, and the stress control target and curve based on simulation calculation and field tests; (4) determining the temperature control warning curve based on the on-site temperature control implementation situation and the discreteness of the concrete pouring quality; (5) determining the stress control warning curve based on the discreteness of the concrete pouring quality; and (6) issuing and processing warning information.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering, relate to a kind of temperature controlled anticracking monitoring method of concrete dam particularly.
Background technology
Concrete dam belongs to massive structure; In a single day the crack appears in large volume concrete structural; Difficult through measures such as repairings with the globality of recovering structure, so cracks in mass concrete should realize through means such as temperature controls in work progress to put prevention first.In view of dam long construction period and age, it is numerous that crack problem involves factor, prevent cracks in mass concrete fully, needs a kind of temperature controlled anticracking monitoring method of predicting the concrete dam accurate, that the scope of application is extensive, early warning is real-time badly.
Summary of the invention
Technology of the present invention is dealt with problems and is: overcome the deficiency of prior art, a kind of temperature controlled anticracking monitoring method of predicting the concrete dam accurate, that the scope of application is extensive, early warning is real-time is provided.
Technical solution of the present invention is: the temperature controlled anticracking monitoring method of this concrete dam may further comprise the steps:
(1) adopts machine Learning Theory according to the temperature control key element, set up the temperature field that supporting vector machine model obtains the following fixed time;
(2) adopt simulating analysis to confirm the predicted temperature data and the predicted stresses data of fixed time section;
(3) confirm the controlled target and the curve of temperature controlling index and curve, stress according to simulation calculation and site test;
(4), confirm temperature control early warning curve according to the discreteness of on-the-spot temperature control performance and concrete pouring quality;
(5), confirm Stress Control early warning curve according to the discreteness of on-the-spot temperature control performance and concrete pouring quality;
(6) early warning information issue and processing.
Owing to adopt statistical method and two kinds of methods of simulation analysis, so guaranteed temperature and stress data prediction accuracy; Because this method is applicable to the prediction early warning of cracking risk at each position of various concrete dams, no matter be that the cracking risk of the basic temperature difference, internal-external temperature difference or the levels temperature difference all can realize effective early warning prediction, so applied widely; But,, can confirm position, time and the rank of this place's early warning fast, so the early warning real-time is high again with temperature of setting and the contrast of stress early warning curve owing to adopt this method real-time estimate temperature and stress data.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 shows high arch dam temperature control curve according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 shows high Arch Dam Stress control curve according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 shows the corresponding high arch dam temperature control early warning curve of Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 shows the corresponding high Arch Dam Stress control early warning curve of Fig. 2;
Fig. 5 shows how to confirm the temperature boundary condition;
Fig. 6 shows how to confirm the mechanics boundary condition.
Embodiment
The temperature controlled anticracking monitoring method of this concrete dam may further comprise the steps:
(1) adopts machine Learning Theory according to the temperature control key element, set up the temperature field that supporting vector machine model obtains the following fixed time;
(2) adopt simulating analysis to confirm the predicted temperature data and the predicted stresses data of fixed time section;
(3) confirm the controlled target and the curve of temperature controlling index and curve, stress according to simulation calculation and site test;
(4), confirm temperature control early warning curve according to the discreteness of on-the-spot temperature control performance and concrete pouring quality;
(5), confirm Stress Control early warning curve according to the discreteness of on-the-spot temperature control performance and concrete pouring quality;
(6) early warning information issue and processing.
Owing to adopt statistical method and two kinds of methods of simulation analysis, so guaranteed temperature and stress data prediction accuracy; Because this method is applicable to the prediction early warning of cracking risk at each position of various concrete dams, no matter be that the cracking risk of the basic temperature difference, internal-external temperature difference or the levels temperature difference all can realize effective early warning prediction, so applied widely; But,, can confirm position, time and the rank of this place's early warning fast, so the early warning real-time is high again with temperature of setting and the contrast of stress early warning curve owing to adopt this method real-time estimate temperature and stress data.
Preferably, said step (1) comprises step by step following:
(1.1) through a plurality of training sample (x
1, y
1), (x
2, y
2) ..., (x
n, y
n), x ∈ R
n, y ∈ R
m, x is the input data, y is that output data foundation minimizes majorized function
In the formula: constraint condition is:
i=1; 2;, n.
is
is the kernel space
Mapping function, x be the input data, be mainly concrete material parameter and boundary condition (temperature, material parameter,
Water pipe cooling etc.), comprise the temperature T of putting in storage
0Temperature Change has taken place in (5 ℃～30 ℃ of spans)
T
a(τ) (span-30～40 ℃), the parameter of water flowing comprises water temperature T
w(0～30 ℃ of span), stream
Amount q
w(span 0～2.5m
3/ h), water flowing time L
p(span 0～300 day), water pipe caliber d
p(get
β) (0～70 ℃ of span), lead warm parameter a (span 0.002～0.004m
2/ h), prediction is not
Come the temperature Change T in a week
a(τ ') (span-30～40 ℃)) y is an output data, is the temperature of arbitrfary point
Degree value and stress value.
is (former for weight vector
The beginning space), error variance ε
i∈ R, b are departures;
Loss function J is a SSE sum of errors regularization amount sum; γ is adjustable constant.
(1.2) according to (1-1), the definition Lagrangian function does
Lagrange multiplier (being support vector) α
i∈ R.Following formula is optimized:
(1.3) thus the function of supported vector machine be:
In the formula
(1.4) measured value is brought into (1.3) to the model training, can be tried to achieve α, b;
(1.5) Prediction Parameters in the input Future Time section dopes the temperature field.
Preferably, said step (2) comprises step by step following:
(2.1) set up simulation analysis model
Set up temperature field and temperature stress emulated computational analysis model according to the requirement of finite element simulation analytical approach.The principle of finite element simulation analytical approach can comprise following step with reference to the corresponding theory works: (2.1.1) finite element grid is divided; (2.1.2) boundary condition is confirmed; (2.1.3) finite element simulation calculates; (2.1.4) result of calculation A+E.This patent is made concrete defining to above-mentioned several steps.
(2.1.1) finite element grid subdivision.When analysis list monolith temperature stress, size of mesh opening will adapt with calculation requirement, and when temperature Change was annual variation, the short transverse size of mesh opening should be controlled at about 0.5m, and when temperature Change was diurnal variation, the short transverse size of mesh opening should be controlled at about 0.1m.
(2.1.2) boundary condition is confirmed.Confirm that the temperature boundary condition is as shown in Figure 5, end face is considered surface temperature as the temperature boundary condition, and the side considers that the actual storehouse progress of jumping applies radiating condition, and the upstream and downstream face is considered temperature+radiation heat; Confirm that the mechanics boundary condition is as shown in Figure 6, basic border applies fixed constraint, calculates the monolith both sides and respectively is taken to few 1 monolith for supporting monolith, near the after-applied normal direction constraint of support monolith envelope arch grouting in riverbed.
(2.1.3) finite element simulation calculates.Finite element simulation computing method according to general are calculated.
(2.1.4) result of calculation A+E.The object information amount of considering simulation analysis is excessive; With envelope diagram, graph, typical case constantly isoline represent the result of calculation of temperature field and temperature stress, in order to represent peaked distribution, when to reach maximal value and different constantly temperature field and stress field;
(2.2) according to concrete dam construction time temperature real time data; With n target temperature of concrete dam maximum temperature and cooling reference point as the parameter feedback of simulation analysis model; According to key parameters such as the minimum principle match concrete adiabatic temperature rise of error, thermal diffusivity, surfaces coefficient of heat transfer, thereby improve precision of prediction.
Preferably; Said step (3) is tested controlling index and the curve that the anti crack performance parameter that obtains is confirmed stress according to concrete shop experiment and full grating, and confirms maximum temperature and each cooling stage target temperature and temperature control curve according to the different characteristics of dissimilar concrete dams.For example, Fig. 1 shows high arch dam temperature control curve according to an embodiment of the invention; Fig. 2 shows high Arch Dam Stress control curve according to an embodiment of the invention.
Preferably; On the basis at temperature control curve in said step (4); According to the sensitivity analysis of site operation level and finite element simulation, confirm the bound curve of temperature control curve, this bound curve is just as the control of the temperature in practice of construction early warning curve.Fig. 3 shows the corresponding high arch dam temperature control early warning curve of Fig. 1.
Preferably; In said step (5) on the basis of Stress Control curve; According to the discrete levels of site operation level and concrete on-site sampling test anti crack performance, confirm the lower limit curve of Stress Control curve, this lower limit curve is just as the Stress Control early warning curve in the practice of construction.Fig. 4 shows the corresponding high Arch Dam Stress control early warning curve of Fig. 2.
Preferably; The contrast of the predicted temperature data through the fixed time section in said step (6) and temperature control early warning curve and the predicted stresses data of fixed time section and with the contrast of Stress Control early warning curve, confirm to exceed standard position, the time of early warning, the measure that exceeds standard item and should take.The content of early warning comprises the position, the time that exceed standard, the measure that exceeds standard item and should take; Early warning to as if owner, management and site construction management personnel; The treating method of early warning should be by the unified regulation of owner; And formulate the examination detailed rules and regulations, and the site operation personnel handle and feed back in the construction early warning information and go, and management is checked treatment effect and is examined.
This method has following advantage: (1) forecasting accuracy is high; Adopt the concrete temperature and the stress data of two kinds of method predictions of statistical study and simulation analysis fixed time section; Through the continuous correction of actual monitoring data, can guarantee temperature and stress data prediction accuracy.(2) applicable scope is wide, and this method is applicable to the prediction early warning of cracking risk at each position of various concrete dams, no matter is that the cracking risk of the basic temperature difference, internal-external temperature difference or the levels temperature difference all can realize effective early warning prediction.(3) early warning real-time is high, utilizes real-time monitoring information of construction time, construction information and weather information, adopts this method; But real-time estimate temperature and stress data; With predefined temperature and the contrast of stress early warning curve, can should locate position, time and the rank of early warning fast, the early warning real-time is high.In a word, this method possesses accurate, widely applicable, the early warning characteristics of real time of prediction, thereby utilizes this method can predict effectively that the concrete cracking risk provides early warning in advance, and being beneficial to adopt an effective measure prevents the generation in crack.
The above; It only is preferred embodiment of the present invention; Be not that the present invention is done any pro forma restriction, every foundation technical spirit of the present invention all still belongs to the protection domain of technical scheme of the present invention to any simple modification, equivalent variations and modification that above embodiment did.
Claims (7)
1. the temperature controlled anticracking monitoring method of a concrete dam is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) adopts machine Learning Theory according to the temperature control key element, set up the temperature field that supporting vector machine model obtains the following fixed time;
(2) adopt simulating analysis to confirm the predicted temperature data and the predicted stresses data of fixed time section;
(3) confirm the controlled target and the curve of temperature controlling index and curve, stress according to simulation calculation and site test;
(4), confirm temperature control early warning curve according to the discreteness of on-the-spot temperature control performance and concrete pouring quality;
(5), confirm Stress Control early warning curve according to the discreteness of on-the-spot temperature control performance and concrete pouring quality;
(6) early warning information issue and processing.
2. the temperature controlled anticracking monitoring method of concrete dam according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
Said step (1) comprises step by step following:
(1.1) set up supporting vector machine model:
(1.2) the definition Lagrangian function does
Lagrange multiplier, i.e. support vector α
i∈ R is optimized following formula:
(1.3) function of supported vector machine is:
In the formula
(1.4) measured value is brought into (1.3) to the model training, can be tried to achieve α, b;
(1.5) Prediction Parameters in the input Future Time section obtains the temperature field.
3. the temperature controlled anticracking monitoring method of root concrete dam according to claim 2 is characterized in that, said step (2) comprises step by step following:
(2.1) set up simulation analysis model, comprise step by step following:
(2.1.1) finite element grid subdivision: when analysis list monolith temperature stress; Size of mesh opening will adapt with calculation requirement; When temperature Change is annual variation; The short transverse size of mesh opening should be controlled at about 0.5m, and when temperature Change was diurnal variation, the short transverse size of mesh opening should be controlled at about 0.1m;
(2.1.2) boundary condition is confirmed: end face is considered surface temperature as the temperature boundary condition when confirming the temperature boundary condition, and the side considers that the actual storehouse progress of jumping applies radiating condition, and the upstream and downstream face is considered temperature+radiation heat; When confirming the mechanics boundary condition, basic border applies fixed constraint, calculates the monolith both sides and respectively is taken to few 1 monolith for supporting monolith, near the after-applied normal direction constraint of support monolith envelope arch grouting in riverbed;
(2.1.3) finite element simulation calculates: the finite element simulation computing method according to general are calculated;
(2.1.4) result of calculation A+E: the object information amount of considering simulation analysis is excessive; With envelope diagram, graph, typical case constantly isoline represent the result of calculation of temperature field and temperature stress, in order to represent peaked distribution, when to reach maximal value and different constantly temperature field and stress field;
(2.2) according to concrete dam construction time temperature real time data; With n target temperature of concrete dam maximum temperature and cooling reference point as the parameter feedback of simulation analysis model; According to the key parameter of the minimum principle match concrete adiabatic temperature rise of error, thermal diffusivity, surface coefficient of heat transfer, thereby improve precision of prediction.
4. the temperature controlled anticracking monitoring method of concrete dam according to claim 3; It is characterized in that; Said step (3) is tested controlling index and the curve that the anti crack performance parameter that obtains is confirmed stress according to concrete shop experiment and full grating, and confirms maximum temperature and each cooling stage target temperature and temperature control curve according to the different characteristics of dissimilar concrete dams.
5. the temperature controlled anticracking monitoring method of concrete dam according to claim 4; It is characterized in that; On the basis at temperature control curve in said step (4); According to the sensitivity analysis of site operation level and finite element simulation, confirm the bound curve of temperature control curve, this bound curve is just as the control of the temperature in practice of construction early warning curve.
6. the temperature controlled anticracking monitoring method of concrete dam according to claim 5; It is characterized in that; In said step (5) on the basis of Stress Control curve; According to the discrete levels of site operation level and concrete on-site sampling test anti crack performance, confirm the lower limit curve of Stress Control curve, this lower limit curve is just as the Stress Control early warning curve in the practice of construction.
7. the temperature controlled anticracking monitoring method of concrete dam according to claim 6; It is characterized in that; The contrast of the predicted temperature data through the fixed time section in said step (6) and temperature control early warning curve and the predicted stresses data of fixed time section and with the contrast of Stress Control early warning curve, confirm to exceed standard position, the time of early warning, the measure that exceeds standard item and should take.
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Cited By (21)
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| CN102852145A (en) * | 2012-08-14 | 2013-01-02 | 清华大学 | Method and system for intelligently controlling temperature of concretes of dam under construction |
| CN103217953A (en) * | 2013-03-21 | 2013-07-24 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | System and method for temperature control and crack prevention intelligent monitoring of concrete dam |
| CN103556597A (en) * | 2013-10-24 | 2014-02-05 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Mass concrete surface cracking risk early warning, intervening and decision-making system |
| CN103914594A (en) * | 2014-03-26 | 2014-07-09 | 河海大学 | Concrete thermodynamic parameter intelligent recognition method based on support vector machine |
| CN105155542A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2015-12-16 | 武汉大学 | Temperature control and crack prevention design calculation method for lining concrete with round cross section structure |
| CN105260531A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2016-01-20 | 武汉大学 | Method for calculating highest internal temperature of circular section lining concrete during construction period |
| CN105672187A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2016-06-15 | 武汉大学 | Temperature control and crack prevention design calculating method used for lining concrete of door-opening-shaped section structure |
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| CN102852145A (en) * | 2012-08-14 | 2013-01-02 | 清华大学 | Method and system for intelligently controlling temperature of concretes of dam under construction |
| CN103217953B (en) * | 2013-03-21 | 2016-04-06 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Concrete dam temperature controlled anticracking intelligent monitor system and method |
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