CN102433468A - Method for improving mechanical property of foamed aluminum by dispersion strengthening - Google Patents
Method for improving mechanical property of foamed aluminum by dispersion strengthening Download PDFInfo
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- CN102433468A CN102433468A CN2011104164083A CN201110416408A CN102433468A CN 102433468 A CN102433468 A CN 102433468A CN 2011104164083 A CN2011104164083 A CN 2011104164083A CN 201110416408 A CN201110416408 A CN 201110416408A CN 102433468 A CN102433468 A CN 102433468A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for improving the mechanical property of foamed aluminum by dispersion strengthening, in particular to a method for obviously improving the mechanical property of a foamed aluminum matrix material by using a powder metallurgic method to introduce second phase particles. Aluminum powder particles should be mixed uniformly with the second phase particles and then mixed uniformly with sodium chloride particles. The method comprises the following steps of: mechanically mixing a mixture of the aluminum powder particles and the second phase particles, the sodium chloride particles and a little amount of ethanol serving as an organic solvent uniformly; and filling the mixed powder into a mold, pressing the powder into a preformed block in a single direction by using a hydraulic machine, sintering the preformed block, naturally cooling the preformed block to room temperature, soaking the sintered blank into a water bath of between 75 and 95 DEG C for 8 to 15 hours, and thus obtaining the required second phase particle strengthened perforated aluminum-based complex foam. Compared with the perforated foam aluminum prepared by using pure aluminum powder under the same process conditions, the method has the advantage that: the yield strength of the perforated aluminum-based complex foam strengthened by adopting the second phase particles is increased by 40 to 90 percent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that adopts the dispersion-strengthened means to improve the mechanical property of foamed aluminium, particularly a kind ofly introduce the mechanical property that the second phase particle improves foamed aluminium matrix material with powder metallurgic method, the method that its mechanical property is obviously improved.
Background technology
Foamed metal is a kind of type material of being made up of metallic matrix and pore.Common metal all has closely knit polycrystal structure, and hole wherein like shrinkage cavity, loose, pore etc., is treated as a kind of defective, when defective for a long time, will influence the performance of material, even become waste product.And foamed metal has utilized this defective of material exactly; (and porosity is 40-98% when this defects count of metallic substance acquires a certain degree; The aperture is 0.5-6mm or bigger) after; Can be when sacrificing mechanical property such as its intensity, obtaining other becomes a kind of novel texture functional materials like high-performance such as heat, sound, energy absorption, lightweight.
Foam metal material is considered to one type of very promising novel material because of it has excellent physicals, chemical property, mechanical property and returnability etc., can be used as the acoustic damping materials of environment protection; Vibration and impact energy resorber, dust and fluid filter, generator deflated sound damper; Indoor heat insulating, fire-retardant and sound isolating decorative material, porous electrode, high temperature gasket and wear-resistant pad; Support of the catalyst, the material of shielding electromagnetic wave etc.
Recently in the more than ten years, metal foam is aluminum foam particularly, because they receive increasing concern in extruding, crooked and useful calorifics and the high voidage mechanical property of acoustics aspect of performance.Since the mechanical property of foamed aluminium and voidage have direct relation, voidage is high more, and mechanical property is low more.Therefore high voidage causes in light structure and the unsatisfied result of impact-attenuating aspect of performance.In order to improve the mechanical property of aluminum foam, some measures are used like combination between the hole of optimizing and preparation mixture foam.And the method that strengthens the mechanical property that improves foamed aluminium through particle among the present invention also was not in the news.
Summary of the invention
The present invention adopts aluminium powder form, the second phase particle and the sodium chloride particle of commercial purity as base material.Aluminum particle earlier with second mutually particle machinery mix, mix with sodium chloride particle then.With aluminum particle with second mutually particulate mixture and sodium chloride particle mix by predetermined proportion, compacting under certain pressure then, sintering, adopt hot water bath to remove sodium chloride particle after, obtain the second phase particle enhanced perforate aluminum-based composites foam.
The concrete operations step of producing the second phase particle enhanced perforate aluminum-based composites foamy process method is following:
(1) aluminium powder form, the second phase particle and the sodium chloride particle that adopt commercial purity be as base material,
(2) with aluminium powder form earlier with second mutually particle mix, mix with sodium chloride particle then.
It is (3) said mixture and organic solvent additive mechanically mixing is even,
(4) the mixed powder of step (3) is packed in the mould, utilizes hydropress unidirectional prefabricated section that is pressed under the pressure of 230-450MPa,
(5) with prefabricated section put into stove inherent 650 ℃-670 ℃ heat preservation sintering 15-25 hour, naturally cool to room temperature,
(6) blank that sinters is heated in 75 ℃ of-95 ℃ of water-baths made the second phase particle enhanced perforate aluminum-based composites foam in 8-15 hour.
Wherein, the aluminium powder particle diameter does not have strict demand, and sodium chloride particle is chosen appropriate particle size through sub-sieve.The size of the second phase particle enhanced aluminum-based composites foam aperture is identical with the sodium chloride particle particle diameter.
Preferably, the second phase particle can be aluminium sesquioxide particle, TiB2 or silit, or its mixture.
In order to prepare the second phase particle enhanced perforate aluminum-based composites foam, aluminum particle earlier with second mutually particle mix, the volume(tric)fraction that the second phase particle accounts for total mixture is 10%.
Requirement according to the second phase particle enhanced aluminum-based composites foamy voidage and prepared small product size calculates required aluminum particle according to following formula, the quality of the second phase particulate mixture and sodium chloride particle, and weigh up with electronic balance.
m
Mixture=V * (1-P) * ρ
Mixture
m
Sodium-chlor=V * P * ρ
Sodium-chlor
Wherein, V and P refer to the particle enhanced perforate aluminum-based composites volume of foam and the voidage of pre-prepared respectively, and ρ
MixtureBe under the fine and close state aluminum particle with second mutually the density of particulate mixture (density of aluminum particle and aluminium sesquioxide particulate mixture is 2.81g/cm under the fine and close state
3, the density of the mixture of aluminum particle and titanium diboride particle is 2.75g/cm under the fine and close state
3, the density of the mixture of aluminum particle and silicon-carbide particle is 2.88g/cm under the fine and close state
3), ρ
Sodium-chlorBe the density 2.17g/cm of sodium-chlor
3
Add a small amount of organic solvent in particulate mixture and the sodium chloride particle at the aluminum particle that weighs up mutually with second, and carry out mechanically mixing.Said organic solvent is preferably ethanol, and the effect of this organic solvent is to be convenient between powder and the particle well-bondedly, prevents layering.The amount of preferably, adding organic solvent is for being the 1%-3% of mixture total weight amount.
With the powder that the mixes mould of packing into, utilize hydropress unidirectional prefabricated section that is pressed under the pressure of 230-450MPa.
Put into stove to prefabricated section, sintering under no atmosphere protection, temperature is 650 ℃-670 ℃, soaking time 15-25 hour.
Remove the sodium chloride particle in the sintered compact.The briquetting that sinters put into 75 ℃-95 ℃ water-bath 8-15 hour, purpose is the sodium chloride particle that dissolves in the briquetting.Make the needed second phase particle enhanced perforate aluminum-based composites foam.
The second phase particle enhanced perforate aluminum-based composites foamy voidage of the present invention is the spacial framework that three-dimensional is interconnected between 48%-86%, mean pore size is between the 0.10-4.0 millimeter.
Adopt Technology of the present invention, through in the matrix of foamed aluminium, introducing the second phase particle, behind aluminium sesquioxide particle, TiB2 or silit etc., the mechanical property of foamed aluminium is greatly improved.Compare with the open celled foam aluminium that under the same process condition, prepares with the fine aluminium powder, adopt the second phase particle enhanced perforate aluminum-based composites foamy ys to increase 40%-90%.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow sheet among the present invention.
The second phase particle enhanced wide aperture perforate aluminum-based composites foamy shape characteristic photo that Fig. 2 produces for the present invention: wherein (a) mean pore size is 1.25 millimeters; (b) mean pore size is 1.75 millimeters; (c) mean pore size is 2.50 millimeters.
The second phase particle enhanced small-bore perforate aluminum-based composites foamy shape characteristic photo that Fig. 3 produces for the present invention: wherein (a) mean pore size is 0.12 millimeter; (b) and (c) mean pore size is 0.18 millimeter; (d) mean pore size is 0.33 millimeter.
The small-bore perforate fine aluminium foamy quasistatic stress under compression-coping behavior for preparing under the aluminium sesquioxide particle enhanced small-bore perforate aluminum-based composites foam that Fig. 4 produces for the present invention and the same processing condition; Wherein (a) is aluminium sesquioxide particle enhanced small-bore perforate aluminum-based composites foam, (b) is small-bore perforate fine aluminium foam.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Select that purity is 99% for use, particle diameter is 30 microns commercial aluminium powder form, median size is the industrial sodium-chlor that 15 microns aluminium sesquioxide particle and median size is 1.25 millimeters, the preparation voidage is 79% foamed aluminium.At first prepare aluminum particle and aluminium sesquioxide particulate mixture; According to the volume requirement of preparing product, take by weighing the said mixture and the sodium chloride particle of extra fine quality then, add small amount of ethanol; Mechanically mixing is until evenly; The unidirectional prefabricated section that is pressed into is put into the stove sintering to prefabricated section then under the pressure of 260MPa, under no atmosphere protection condition in 666 ℃ of heat preservation sinterings 23 hours.Put into 95 ℃ of hot water baths 9 hours to the briquetting that sinters, purpose is the sodium chloride particle that dissolves in the briquetting.Make the second phase particle enhanced perforate aluminum-based composites foam.
This kind second phase particle enhanced perforate aluminum-based composites foamy ys is 1.80Mpa, is 1.25 millimeters and use the mean pore size of same prepared accordingly, and voidage is that 80% perforate fine aluminium foamed aluminium ys is 1.33MPa.After increasing the aluminium sesquioxide enhanced granule, ys is increased to 1.96MPa by 1.32MPa, and intensity has improved 47.5%.
Embodiment 2:
Select that purity is 99% for use, median size is 30 microns commercial aluminium powder form, median size is the industrial sodium-chlor that 15 microns aluminium sesquioxide particle and median size is 0.18 millimeter, the preparation voidage is 65% foamed aluminium.At first prepare aluminum particle and aluminium sesquioxide particulate mixture; According to the volume requirement of preparing product, take by weighing the said mixture and the sodium chloride particle of extra fine quality then, add small amount of ethanol; Mechanically mixing is until evenly; The unidirectional prefabricated section that is pressed into is put into the stove sintering to prefabricated section then under the pressure of 285MPa, under no atmosphere protection condition in 663 ℃ of heat preservation sinterings 22 hours.Put into 95 ℃ of hot water baths 14 hours to the briquetting that sinters, purpose is the sodium chloride particle that dissolves in the briquetting.Make the second phase particle enhanced perforate aluminum-based composites foam.
This kind second phase particle enhanced perforate aluminum-based composites foamy ys is 6.11Mpa, is 0.18 millimeter and use the mean pore size of same prepared accordingly, and voidage is that 65% perforate fine aluminium foamed aluminium ys is 3.42MPa.After increasing the aluminium sesquioxide enhanced granule, ys increases 6.11MPa from 3.42MPa, has increased by 78.7%.
Embodiment 3:
Select that purity is 99% for use, median size is 30 microns commercial aluminium powder form, median size is the industrial sodium-chlor that 10 microns titanium diboride particle and median size is 1.75 millimeters, the preparation voidage is 64% foamed aluminium.The mixture that at first prepares aluminum particle and titanium diboride particle; According to the volume requirement of preparing product, take by weighing the said mixture and the sodium chloride particle of extra fine quality then, add small amount of ethanol; Mechanically mixing is until evenly; The unidirectional prefabricated section that is pressed into is put into the stove sintering to prefabricated section then under the pressure of 270MPa, under no atmosphere protection condition in 664 ℃ of heat preservation sinterings 22 hours.Put into 95 ℃ of hot water baths 11 hours to the briquetting that sinters, purpose is the sodium chloride particle that dissolves in the briquetting.Make the second phase particle enhanced perforate aluminum-based composites foam.
This kind second phase particle enhanced perforate aluminum-based composites foamy ys is 8.42Mpa, is 1.75 millimeters and use the mean pore size of same prepared accordingly, and voidage is that 64% perforate fine aluminium foamed aluminium ys is 5.23MPa.After increasing the TiB2 enhanced granule, ys increases 8.42MPa from 5.23MPa, has increased by 61.0%.
Embodiment 4:
Select that purity is 99% for use, median size is 30 microns commercial aluminium powder form, median size is the industrial sodium-chlor that 10 microns titanium diboride particle and median size is 0.18 millimeter, the preparation voidage is 69% foamed aluminium.The mixture that at first prepares aluminum particle and titanium diboride particle; According to the volume requirement of preparing product, take by weighing the said mixture and the sodium chloride particle of extra fine quality then, add small amount of ethanol; Mechanically mixing is until evenly; The unidirectional prefabricated section that is pressed into is put into the stove sintering to prefabricated section then under the pressure of 290MPa, under no atmosphere protection condition in 661 ℃ of heat preservation sinterings 22 hours.Put into about 95 ℃ of hot water baths 13 hours to the briquetting that sinters, purpose is the sodium chloride particle that dissolves in the briquetting.Make the second phase particle enhanced perforate aluminum-based composites foam.
This kind second phase particle enhanced perforate aluminum-based composites foamy ys is 3.53Mpa, is 0.18 millimeter and use the mean pore size of same prepared accordingly, and voidage is that 69% perforate fine aluminium foamed aluminium ys is 2.31MPa.After increasing the TiB2 enhanced granule, ys increases 3.53MPa from 2.31MPa, has increased by 52.8%.
Embodiment 5:
Select that purity is 99% for use, median size is 30 microns commercial aluminium powder form, median size is the industrial sodium-chlor that 18 microns silicon-carbide particle and median size is 1.75 millimeters, the preparation voidage is 75% foamed aluminium.The mixture that at first prepares aluminum particle and silicon-carbide particle; According to the volume requirement of preparing product, take by weighing the said mixture and the sodium chloride particle of extra fine quality then, add small amount of ethanol; Mechanically mixing is until evenly; The unidirectional prefabricated section that is pressed into is put into the stove sintering to prefabricated section then under the pressure of 265MPa, under no atmosphere protection condition in 665 ℃ of heat preservation sinterings 22.5 hours.Put into about 95 ℃ of hot water baths 10 hours to the briquetting that sinters, purpose is the sodium chloride particle that dissolves in the briquetting.Make the second phase particle enhanced perforate aluminum-based composites foam.
This kind second phase particle enhanced perforate aluminum-based composites foamy ys is 3.78MPa, is 1.75 millimeters and use the mean pore size of same prepared accordingly, and voidage is that 75% perforate fine aluminium foamed aluminium ys is 2.48MPa.After increasing the silit enhanced granule, ys increases 3.78MPa from 2.48MPa, has increased by 52.4%.
Embodiment 6:
Select that purity is 99% for use, median size is 30 microns commercial aluminium powder form, median size is the industrial sodium-chlor that 18 microns silicon-carbide particle and median size is 0.12 millimeter, the preparation voidage is 64% foamed aluminium.The mixture that at first prepares aluminum particle and silicon-carbide particle; According to the volume requirement of preparing product, take by weighing the said mixture and the sodium chloride particle of extra fine quality then, add small amount of ethanol; Mechanically mixing is until evenly; The unidirectional prefabricated section that is pressed into is put into the stove sintering to prefabricated section then under the pressure of 300MPa, under no atmosphere protection condition in 662 ℃ of heat preservation sinterings 21 hours.Put into 95 ℃ of hot water baths 15 hours to the briquetting that sinters, purpose is to dissolve sodium chloride particle.Make the second phase particle enhanced perforate aluminum-based composites foam.
This kind second phase particle enhanced perforate aluminum-based composites foamy ys is 5.34Mpa, is 0.12 millimeter and use the mean pore size of same prepared accordingly, and voidage is that 64% perforate fine aluminium foamed aluminium ys is 3.53MPa.After increasing the silit enhanced granule, ys increases 5.34MPa from 3.53MPa, has increased by 51.3%.
Claims (6)
1. a method that adopts the dispersion-strengthened means to improve the mechanical property of foamed aluminium is characterized in that said method comprises the steps:
(1) aluminium powder form, the second phase particle and the sodium chloride particle that adopt commercial purity be as base material,
(2) with aluminium powder form earlier with second mutually particle mix, mix with sodium chloride particle then.
It is (3) said mixture and organic solvent additive mechanically mixing is even,
(4) the mixed powder of step (3) is packed in the mould, utilizes hydropress unidirectional prefabricated section that is pressed under the pressure of 230-450MPa,
(5) with prefabricated section put into stove inherent 650 ℃-670 ℃ heat preservation sintering 15-25 hour, naturally cool to room temperature,
(6) blank that sinters is heated in 75 ℃ of-95 ℃ of water-baths made the second phase particle enhanced perforate aluminum-based composites foam in 8-15 hour.
2. a kind of method that adopts the dispersion-strengthened means to improve the mechanical property of foamed aluminium according to claim 1; It is characterized in that the wherein said second phase particle is selected from industrial other aluminium sesquioxide particle of level, TiB2 or silit, or their mixture.
3. a kind of method that adopts the dispersion-strengthened means to improve the mechanical property of foamed aluminium according to claim 1 is characterized in that the second phase grain amount that adds accounts for 10% of body material TV.
4. a kind of method that adopts the dispersion-strengthened means to improve the mechanical property of foamed aluminium according to claim 1 is characterized in that the organic solvent that adds is an ethanol.
5. a kind of method that adopts the dispersion-strengthened means to improve the mechanical property of foamed aluminium according to claim 1, the amount of the organic solvent that it is characterized in that adding is the 1%-3% of mixture total weight amount.
6. a kind of method that adopts the dispersion-strengthened means to improve the mechanical property of foamed aluminium according to claim 1; It is characterized in that and through regulating aluminium powder form and second volume ratio of particulate mixture and sodium-chlor base material mutually the perforate aluminum-based composites foamy voidage for preparing to be regulated in the 45%-90% scope.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109913776A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-06-21 | 中国飞机强度研究所 | A kind of fiber reinforcement Open-cell Aluminum Foam and preparation method thereof |
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| US6403023B1 (en) * | 2000-10-24 | 2002-06-11 | Future Metal Co., Ltd. | Method for making porous metals |
| CN1603440A (en) * | 2004-08-30 | 2005-04-06 | 天津大学 | Process for cold pressing-solving-vacuum sintering preparation of foamed aluminum |
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| CN101876017A (en) * | 2009-12-15 | 2010-11-03 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Nano-ceramic particle reinforced aluminum foam matrix composite material and preparation method thereof |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6403023B1 (en) * | 2000-10-24 | 2002-06-11 | Future Metal Co., Ltd. | Method for making porous metals |
| CN1603440A (en) * | 2004-08-30 | 2005-04-06 | 天津大学 | Process for cold pressing-solving-vacuum sintering preparation of foamed aluminum |
| CN101182605A (en) * | 2007-12-12 | 2008-05-21 | 昆明理工大学 | Preparation method of fine-crystal spume aluminium alloy |
| CN101876017A (en) * | 2009-12-15 | 2010-11-03 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Nano-ceramic particle reinforced aluminum foam matrix composite material and preparation method thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 赵玉园: "制备泡沫铝的一种新方法：烧结溶解法", 《世界科技研究与发展》, vol. 25, no. 1, 28 February 2003 (2003-02-28), pages 67 - 6 * |
Cited By (1)
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| CN109913776A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-06-21 | 中国飞机强度研究所 | A kind of fiber reinforcement Open-cell Aluminum Foam and preparation method thereof |
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