CN105803298A - Method for preparing blister steel from pore forming agent - Google Patents
Method for preparing blister steel from pore forming agent Download PDFInfo
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- CN105803298A CN105803298A CN201610257103.5A CN201610257103A CN105803298A CN 105803298 A CN105803298 A CN 105803298A CN 201610257103 A CN201610257103 A CN 201610257103A CN 105803298 A CN105803298 A CN 105803298A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for preparing blister steel from a pore forming agent. Pure iron powder and the pore forming agent are used as raw materials and are pressed after being mixed, and the raw materials are sintered to prepare the open blister steel under the argon protection atmosphere. According to the method, on the basis of a powder sintering method, dextrin powder of different grain diameters and different shapes, various types of starch powder and the like are used as the pore forming agent, the blister steel is easy to obtain, low in price and free of any residues after being heated and decomposed, finally the bulk blister steel of different pore structures and pore rates is obtained, pore parameters can be controlled, the mechanical property is stable, and industrialized production can be achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to porous foam metal and manufacture field, particularly to a kind of method that pore creating material prepares blister steel.
Background technology
Blister steel is the structure-function integrated material being uniform-distribution with a large amount of connection or non-intercommunicating pore hole in a kind of steel matrix.As functional material, it has the multiple performance such as sound absorption, heat insulation, fire-retardant, electromagnetic shielding.As structural material, by changing porosity and pore structure, thus it is possible to vary steel density, elastic modelling quantity and yield strength.When identical steel using amount, reasonably design can be effectively improved structural elements monolithic stability and local stability, thus improving bearing capacity, reaches the purpose of saving steel.Under violent earthquake or Impact Load, the plasticity compression of hole can absorb substantial amounts of energy, avoid structure generation brittle break, so having broad application prospects in light section steel structure, seismic energy dissipation structure, anti-seismic structure, shock resistance and anti-riot structure etc..
The preparation method of current blister steel mainly has molten metal foaming, metaliding, hollow ball sintering process, THROUGH METHOD and powder sintering.Molten metal foaming cannot make foaming agent evenly spread in melt, and the uniformity of Air Bubble Size and distribution is difficult to control to, it is thus achieved that material mechanical performance etc. poor；There is hollow ball preparation difficulty, the high deficiency of process equipment requirement in hollow ball；THROUGH METHOD technological process length, precursor are difficult to remove completely.Powder sintering is a kind of technique preparation method simple, lower-cost, and its porosity, aperture and pore-size distribution can be effectively taking place control.
Chinese patent 201410181538.7 discloses a kind of powder sintering preparing blister steel, and the method is with steel alloy powder for raw material, and potassium carbonate particle is pore creating material, is first pressed into green compact after both mix homogeneously, then green compact is sintered.But this technology there may be K after potassium carbonate decomposes2O remains in steel matrix, affects ductile performance and the energy dissipation capacity of blister steel.
Summary of the invention
For the shortcoming overcoming above-mentioned prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method that pore creating material prepares blister steel, on the basis of powder sintering, using different-grain diameter, difform dextrin powder and various starch powder as pore creating material, it is easily obtained and cheap, without any residual after decomposes, finally give the block foam steel of Different Pore Structures and porosity, hole parameter is controlled, stable mechanical property, it may be achieved industrialized production.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of pore creating material prepares the method for blister steel, with straight iron powder and pore creating material for raw material, suppresses after mixing, and under argon atmosphere, sintering prepares open-cell formed steel.
Described pore creating material is Semen Pisi sativi powder, Semen Maydis powder, Semen Tritici aestivi powder, dextrin powder or cellulose acetate powder.
The volume ratio of straight iron powder and pore creating material is 4:1,3:2 and 2:3.
Described straight iron powder granularity is 400 orders, and purity is 98%；Described pore creating material particle size range is 5～30 μm, is mixed with the pore creating material of this particle size range by straight iron powder, puts in ball grinder, adds the iron ball of grating, forms mixed-powder after being sufficiently mixed 12 hours.
Described compacting is that straight iron powder and the pore creating material of mixing are loaded compacting tool set, at room temperature Bidirectional-pressure 90～120MPa, press time 1min, makes green compact.
Described sintering process is:
Green compact compacting obtained directly as, in controlled atmosphere generator, passing into argon after evacuation, first to 500 DEG C and are incubated 1 hour with the ramp of 1 DEG C/min, make pore creating material fully decompose volatilization and discharge out of the furnace；Then with the ramp of 8 DEG C/min to 1100 DEG C and be incubated 2 hours, cool to room temperature after having sintered with the furnace, take out and obtain blister steel.
Compared with prior art, present invention process is simple, and raw material is easy to get, with low cost, and without any residual after product decomposes, hole parameter is controlled, stable mechanical property, it may be achieved industrialized production.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1For be 20vol.% using volume ratio dextrin as pore creating material, by sacrificing the pore-size distribution of the blister steel of template synthesisFigure。
Fig. 2For be 20vol.% using volume ratio dextrin as pore creating material, by sacrificing the scanning electron microscope of the blister steel of template synthesisFigure。
Fig. 3For be 40vol.% using volume ratio dextrin as pore creating material, by sacrificing the pore-size distribution of the blister steel of template synthesisFigure。
Fig. 4For be 40vol.% using volume ratio dextrin as pore creating material, by sacrificing the scanning electron microscope of the blister steel of template synthesisFigure。
Fig. 5For sintering finished XRDFigure。
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction withAccompanying drawingEmbodiments of the present invention are described in detail with embodiment.
The preparation method of a kind of blister steel of the present invention, with straight iron powder and pore creating material powder for raw material, adopts the method that Ar-sintering prepares open-cell formed steel, and concrete steps and process conditions are:
(1) Homogeneous phase mixing of straight iron powder and pore creating material
The straight iron powder that granularity is 400 orders is mixed respectively with the pore creating material of above-mentioned different-grain diameter, puts in ball grinder, add the iron ball of grating, after being sufficiently mixed 12 hours, form mixed-powder.
(2) compacting
Step (1) gained mixed-powder is loaded compacting tool set, at room temperature Bidirectional-pressure 90～120MPa, press time 1min, makes green compact.
(3) gas shield sintering
The green compact that step (2) prepares are placed directly within controlled atmosphere generator, after evacuation, pass into argon.First to 500 DEG C and it is incubated 1 hour with the ramp of 1 DEG C/min, makes pore creating material fully decompose volatilization and discharge out of the furnace.Then with the ramp of 8 DEG C/min to 1100 DEG C and be incubated 2 hours.Cool to room temperature after having sintered with the furnace, take out to obtain blister steel.
Based on above-mentioned technique, the present invention provides below embodiment:
Embodiment 1
(1) pore creating material selects dextrin powder.
(2) according to the ratio that pore creating material volume fraction is 20%, 40% and 60%, it is mixed with iron powder, put in ball grinder, add the iron ball of grating, after being sufficiently mixed 12 hours, form mixed-powder.
(3) compacting
Step (2) gained mixed-powder is loaded compacting tool set, at room temperature Bidirectional-pressure 90～120MPa, press time 1min, makes cylindrical and two kinds of green compact of strip.
(4) gas shield sintering
The green compact that step (3) prepares are placed directly within controlled atmosphere generator, after evacuation, pass into argon.First to 500 DEG C and it is incubated 1 hour with the ramp of 1 DEG C/min, makes pore creating material fully decompose volatilization and discharge out of the furnace.Then with the ramp of 8 DEG C/min to 1100 DEG C and be incubated 2 hours.Cool to room temperature after having sintered with the furnace, take out to obtain blister steel.
(5) principal character of the blister steel obtained: pore creating material volume fraction is the sintering finished porosity respectively 41% ± 1%, 46% ± 1% and 56% ± 1% of 20%, 40% and 60% correspondence, quasistatic compression yield strength respectively 69 ± 3MPa, 41 ± 2MPa and 25 ± 2MPa, tensile break strength respectively 51 ± 1MPa, 37 ± 1MPa and 22 ± 1MPa.
Embodiment 2
Pore creating material selects Semen Maydis powder.Then, step according to embodiment 1, the principal character of the blister steel obtained: pore creating material volume fraction is the sintering finished porosity respectively 42% ± 1%, 48% ± 1% and 57% ± 1% of 20%, 40% and 60% correspondence, quasistatic compression yield strength respectively 50 ± 2MPa, 34 ± 2MPa and 22 ± 2MPa, tensile break strength respectively 43 ± 2MPa, 29 ± 1MPa and 18 ± 1MPa.
Embodiment 3
Pore creating material selects Semen Tritici aestivi powder.Then, step according to embodiment 1, the principal character of the blister steel obtained: pore creating material volume fraction is the sintering finished porosity respectively 44% ± 1%, 48% ± 1% and 55% ± 1% of 20%, 40% and 60% correspondence, quasistatic compression yield strength respectively 44 ± 3MPa, 33 ± 2MPa and 25 ± 2MPa, tensile break strength respectively 47 ± 2MPa, 31 ± 1MPa and 21 ± 1MPa.
Embodiment 4
Pore creating material selects Semen Pisi sativi powder.Then, step according to embodiment 1, the principal character of the blister steel obtained: pore creating material volume fraction is the sintering finished porosity respectively 46% ± 1%, 51% ± 1% and 56% ± 1% of 20%, 40% and 60% correspondence, quasistatic compression yield strength respectively 37 ± 2MPa, 30 ± 2MPa and 17 ± 1MPa, tensile break strength respectively 27 ± 2MPa, 22 ± 1MPa and 13 ± 1MPa.
ByFig. 1WithFig. 3It can be seen that when the volume fraction of pore creating material is 20vol.%, the average pore size of sample is 2 μm；When the volume fraction of pore creating material is 40vol.%, the average pore size of sample is 3 μm.ByFig. 2WithFig. 4It can be seen that the hole shape in sample remains the profile of pore creating material.Along with the increase of the content in pore creating material, the not too big change of the hole shape of the sample after sintering.Image analysis software ImagePro-Plus is used to obtain the average pore size respectively 10 μm and 14 μm of two kinds of samples.The average pore size that scanning electron microscope draws is greater than the aperture that mercury injection method is measured, and this is that the aperture recorded by mercury injection method is measured just for open pore owing to containing hole of partly holding one's breath in obtained sample.It addition, dextrin is as pore creating material, the sample of sintering easily forms the hole of " ink ampuliform ".ByFig. 2WithFig. 4Also knowing that, the fracture mode of sample is mainly transgranular fracture, and Content of Pore-forming Agents is the blister steel hole wall average thickness obtained by 20vol.% and 40vol.% respectively 9 μm and 8 μm.
Sintering finished XRDSuch as Fig. 5Shown in.FromIn figureIt can be seen that gained sample only exists the typical diffractive peak of Fe after sintering at 1100 DEG C and be incubated 2h, illustrate that various pore creating material fully burns in sintering process, in product, be absent from remaining pore creating material, the only matrix Fe in raw material.
Pore creating material is made for dextrin, pore creating material volume fraction is the sintering finished porosity respectively 41 ± 1%, 46 ± 1% and 56 ± 1% of 20%, 40% and 60% correspondence, average pore size respectively 10 μm, 14 μm and 19 μm, average wall thickness respectively 9 μm, 8 μm and 7 μm.Use other pore creating materials, also respectively obtained corresponding hole parameter, and proved that hole parameter is stable through many experiments.
Pore creating material is made for dextrin, pore creating material volume fraction is 20%, 40% and 60%, every kind of situation takes the meansigma methods of 10 samples, the result of multiple samples proves that mechanical property parameters is stable, corresponding sintering finished quasistatic compression yield strength respectively 69 ± 3MPa, 41 ± 2MPa and 25 ± 2MPa, tensile break strength respectively 51 ± 1MPa, 37 ± 1MPa and 22 ± 1MPa, Vickers hardness proportion by subtraction is 28HV/0.05,26HV/0.05 and 22HV/0.05.Mechanical property reduces with the increase of Content of Pore-forming Agents, and this also coincide with the result of Fracture scan, it may be assumed that with the increase of Content of Pore-forming Agents, average pore size increases, and average hole wall is thinning.Use other pore creating materials, also respectively obtain corresponding mechanical property parameters.
Claims (6)
1. the method preparing blister steel with pore creating material, it is characterised in that with straight iron powder and pore creating material for raw material, suppress after mixing, under argon atmosphere, sintering prepares open-cell formed steel.
2. the method preparing blister steel with multiple pore creating material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described pore creating material is Semen Pisi sativi powder, Semen Maydis powder, Semen Tritici aestivi powder, dextrin powder or cellulose acetate powder.
3. the method preparing blister steel with multiple pore creating material according to claim 1 or claim 2, it is characterised in that the volume ratio of straight iron powder and pore creating material is 4:1,3:2 and 2:3.
4. the method preparing blister steel with multiple pore creating material according to claim 1 or claim 2, it is characterised in that described straight iron powder granularity is 400 orders, purity is 98%；Described pore creating material particle size range is 5～30 μm, is mixed with the pore creating material of this particle size range by straight iron powder, puts in ball grinder, adds the iron ball of grating, forms mixed-powder after being sufficiently mixed 12 hours.
5. the method preparing blister steel with multiple pore creating material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described compacting is that straight iron powder and the pore creating material of mixing are loaded compacting tool set, at room temperature Bidirectional-pressure 90～120MPa, press time 1min, makes green compact.
6. the method preparing blister steel with multiple pore creating material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described sintering process is:
The green compact that compacting obtains are placed directly within controlled atmosphere generator, after evacuation, pass into argon, first to 500 DEG C and be incubated 1 hour with the ramp of 1 DEG C/min, make pore creating material fully decompose volatilization and discharge out of the furnace；Then with the ramp of 8 DEG C/min to 1100 DEG C and be incubated 2 hours, cool to room temperature after having sintered with the furnace, take out and obtain blister steel.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107855534A (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-03-30 | 贵州理工学院 | A kind of method that sandwich sintering process prepares lightweight deformed steel |
| CN109022881A (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2018-12-18 | 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院有限公司 | Sago is as the purposes of pore creating material, pore creating material and its method for preparing foam metal |
| CN109571294A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-04-05 | 广州金谷钻石工具有限公司 | A kind of diamond cutter head containing pore forming particles |
| CN112268794A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-01-26 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Method for determining optimal anti-armor-piercing microstructure state of metal material |
| CN114406285A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-29 | 苏州大学 | Method for preparing closed-cell foam steel by laser additive manufacturing technology |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114406285A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-29 | 苏州大学 | Method for preparing closed-cell foam steel by laser additive manufacturing technology |
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