CN102429636A - Crystal liquid self-adaptive optical fundus imaging system with large field of view - Google Patents
Crystal liquid self-adaptive optical fundus imaging system with large field of view Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of fundus microscopic imaging, which relates to a crystal liquid self-adaptive optical fundus imaging system with a large field of view. Only one fundus lighting source is arranged in the system. The lighting source is amplified by 10 times to image in a lighting branch and the image is used as a true light source for the lighting fundus. An electrically controlled reducing diaphragm is inserted on the image surface. At first, a ''point light source'' is generated at a pinhole to trigger to open a shutter of a wave-front detector and the lighting source sends a first pulsed light immediately and the wave-front detector is exposed to close immediately. The electrically controlled reducing diaphragm is switched to a large hole so as to generate an ''area light source'' and the computer carries out wave-front treatment, and drives a crystal liquid corrector to correct the wave-front orderly so that the lighting source sends a second pulsed light immediately to obtain fundus cone cell images with a large field of view with the diameter of 500 microns on an imaging CCD (Charge-Coupled Device). In order to align the pupil of the testee and the imaging beam, a visual pupil position calibration auxiliary light path is added so that the invention has good clinical practicality.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to micro-imaging technique field, optical fundus; Relate to glances aberration adaptively correcting optical image technology; Be that a kind of adaptive aberration correcting fundus imaging simple in structure, big visual field designs specifically a kind of big visual field LCD self-adapting optics eyeground imaging system.
Background technology
Eyeball is a complicated optical system, does not also have optical aberration inevitably even there are ametropic eyes, therefore adopts clinical used ophthalmoscope to be difficult to see clearly the blood vessel below 20 microns, let alone observes cone cell.
From the eighties of last century the nineties, people begin to inquire into the application of distorting lens adaptive optics alignment technique in fundus imaging.But the distorting lens driver element number that uses at present generally is no more than Unit 37, can gauged spatial frequency and often exceed distorting lens institute with the higher order aberratons that the ametropia degree increases or aging is introduced.Although utilize micro-electromechanical technology that the driver element number is increased to more than Unit 2000, this moment, correcting value became problem again, so distorting lens adaptive optics alignment technique is unpractical at clinical ophthalmology so far.
The liquid crystal wave-front corrector has 100,000 to 1,000,000 driving pixels, and correction accuracy is high, good reproducibility; Can carry out the open loop correction that single is surveyed; Reduce the luminous energy use amount of incident human eye to greatest extent, safe coefficient improves, and is more conducive to be applied on the adaptive optical imaging system of optical fundus.About the application of LCD self-adapting optical technology in fundus imaging; Open on the Chinese patent communique; Like " optical system of diopter self-regulation liquid crystal adaptive aberration correcting retina imaging " (publication number CN101766472A); " liquid crystal adaptive aberration correction retinal imaging device that energy efficient utilizes " (publication number CN101797149A); " universal liquid crystal adaptive aberration correcting retina imaging system " (publication number CN101791212A) makes this technology have safe, pervasive advantage.But these three disclosed patent applications fail to solve the little problem in self adaptive imaging visual field, and field number has only 150 microns～200 microns.
In the self adaptive imaging system of optical fundus, the Wavefront detecting light source needs point source, and the diameter of this " point " should use same light source if survey with imaging at 80 microns～150 microns, certainly will cause the little problem of imaging viewing field.In fact the fundus imaging visual field is limited by dizzy angle such as human eye, and maximum gauge can reach 500 microns, if the diameter of optical fundus illumination hot spot can reach 500 microns, and can be imaging viewing field enlarged-diameter to 500 micron.For solving detection and forming images to the contradiction on the light source requirements; People propose the design of two light sources in optical fundus self adaptive imaging system; Promptly the light pencil of one 100 micron diameter is used for Wavefront detecting as " point source ", and the thick light beam of one 500 micron diameter is used for fundus imaging as " area source ".Be unlikely to make Wavefront detecting and fundus imaging to influence each other again for making two light sources be total to light path, two light sources adopt different-wavebands, and adopt color separation film that the light of two bundle different-wavebands is separated in beam split place of Hartmann's detector and fundus imaging camera.But because the influence of aberration in the human eye dioptric system is surveyed and some difference of correction, the fundus imaging effect is greatly affected, and the complexity of double-light-source structured increase optical system and cost, is unfavorable for clinical practiceization.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is in order to overcome the defective that prior art exists; To the LCD self-adapting optics eyeground imaging system that an optical fundus lighting source only is set; In lighting sub loop, insert the reducing diaphragm, change the illuminated area in optical fundus immediately, both can satisfy the point source requirement of Wavefront detecting; Can satisfy the area source requirement of the big view field imaging in optical fundus again, purpose provides the system of a kind of big visual field LCD self-adapting optics fundus imaging.
For understanding the present invention, the optical fundus self adaptive imaging system structure of this simple in structure, big visual field is detailed below.
Optical texture of the present invention such as Fig. 1, by lighting source 1, first lens 2, visual field switch diaphragm 3, second lens 4, annular diaphragm 5, sighting target point source 6, the 3rd lens 7, dichroic coupling beam divider 8, the 4th lens 9, human eye 10, linear displacement mechanism 11, the 5th lens 12, Amici prism 13, the 6th lens 14, liquid crystal wave-front corrector 15, reflecting mirror 16, the 7th lens 17, PBS polarization beam apparatus (PBS beam splitter) 18, wave front detector 19, the 8th lens 20, imaging CCD21, pupil camera 22, LED23, color separation film 24 is formed.System comprises lighting sub loop, sighting target branch road, detection branch road, imaging branch road, visual pupil position demarcation auxiliary optical path.
Lighting sub loop by lighting source 1, first lens 2, visual field switch diaphragm 3, second lens 4, annular diaphragm 5, dichroic coupling beam divider 8, the 4th lens 9, Amici prism 13, the 5th lens 12 constitute; Sighting target props up route sighting target point source 6, the 3rd lens 7, dichroic coupling beam divider 8, the 4th lens 9, Amici prism 13, the 5th lens 12 constitute; Survey a route human eye 10, linear displacement mechanism 11, the 5th lens 12, Amici prism 13, the 6th lens 14, liquid crystal wave-front corrector 15, reflecting mirror 16, the 7th lens 17, PBS polarization beam apparatus 18, wave front detector 19 constitutes; An imaging route human eye 10, linear displacement mechanism 11, the 5th lens 12, Amici prism 13, the 6th lens 14, reflecting mirror 16, the 7th lens 17, PBS polarization beam apparatus 18, the 8th lens 20, imaging CCD21 constitute, and visual pupil position is demarcated auxiliary optical path and is made up of LED23, human eye 10, linear displacement mechanism 11, the 5th lens 12, Amici prism 13, the 4th lens 9, color separation film 24, pupil camera 22.
Wherein, lighting source 1 provides human eye Wavefront detecting and fundus imaging illumination usefulness, emission wavelength λ
1Decide the wavelength X of sighting target light source 6 according to the fundus imaging optical properties of tissue
2Belong to visible light wave range, λ
2Compare λ
1Short, the wavelength X of the LED (23) of illumination pupil
3Compare λ
1Also long, i.e. λ
2＜λ
1＜λ
3
In lighting sub loop, it is f that focal length is set
1 First lens 2, the lighting source 1 and first lens 2 are at a distance of 1.1f
1, this can make the light beam of lighting source 1 pass through first lens, 2 backs at 11f
1Place's imaging, and, become the new lighting source of size adjustable as amplifying 10 times than thing, be called the picture light source.The visual field is switched diaphragm 3 and is placed this as the light source place; It is automatically controlled reducing diaphragms that diaphragm 3 is switched in the visual field, can control the size as light source, when Wavefront detecting; The visual field is switched diaphragm 3 and is placed aperture position, makes the spot diameter that is radiated at the human eye optical fundus be merely 100 ± 20 microns; When correcting imaging, the visual field is switched diaphragm 3 and is placed big hole site, makes that the spot diameter that is radiated at the human eye optical fundus is 400 microns～600 microns.Because human eye aberration can change in time; The time that needs to detect the correcting imaging process is controlled in the 50ms; Can ignore aberration and change influence, need the 10ms exposure respectively, so require the handoff response time that diaphragm 3 is switched in the visual field to be shorter than 30ms and survey and form images to calibration result.This aperture switched design has solved the Wavefront detecting contradiction different to light source requirements with imaging.Subsequent, second lens 4 and the 4th lens 9 conjugated lens group that partners makes the visual field switch the picture source imaging at diaphragm 3 places, becomes time picture light source.Dichroic coupling beam divider (8) becomes the 45 configuration with optical axis as light beam of light source, reflection wavelength is λ
1Illuminating bundle, and with 90 ° on its folding axle.Amici prism 13 becomes 45 configuration with the optical axis of the 4th lens 9, make light beam as light source be reflected once more 90 ° on folding axle, arrival optical fundus through the 5th lens 12 after then.The flashlight that comes out from fundus reflex must could get into subsequent optical path through Amici prism 13, is the peak use rate that guarantees the optical fundus flashlight, and the inverse ratio thoroughly of Amici prism 13 is 9: 1.The 5th lens 12 are the focal length of the 5th lens 12 with the distance of human eye pupil; The 5th lens 12 are formed second pair of conjugated lens group with human eye 10; The two is fixed in the linear displacement mechanism 11, and adjustment linear displacement mechanism 11 can make time picture source imaging on the human eye optical fundus.Annular diaphragm 5 is close to after second lens 4, becomes annular beam incident human eye after making light beam through annular diaphragm 5, directly the strong reflection stray light in filtering normal incidence eye cornea zone.The 4th lens 9 and the 5th lens 12 are formed the conjugated lens group through Amici prism 13, are used for annular diaphragm 5 is imaged in human eye pupil place, and the overall diameter of adjustment annular diaphragm 5 makes the overall diameter of pleasing to the eye annular beam be slightly less than the oculopupillary diameter of tested person.The optical path length d of the 5th lens 12 to the 4th lens 9 relies on human eye refractive diopter D and changes, and by formula calculate (1),
d＝(1000-Df
12)f
12/1000+f
9 (1)
Wherein, f
9Be the focal length of the 4th lens 9, f
12Be the focal length of the 5th lens 12, D does not have unit, and D>=4, when myopia is lower than 400 D=4 when spending, other parameter unit is mm.Make the clear picture of seeing sighting target point source 6 of measured guarantee the accuracy of d through linear adjustment displacement mechanism 11.
In the sighting target branch road, the sighting target light source that sighting target point source 6 provides human eye to stare, emission wavelength λ
2At visible light wave range, be positioned at the along of the 3rd lens 7, wavelength is λ
2Sighting target light can see through dichroic coupling beam divider 8.The 3rd lens 7 and the 4th lens 9 are also formed the conjugated lens group, make sighting target point source 6 also can promptly let human eye see sighting target at the human eye fundus imaging; Fundus imaging zone, location; If sighting target moves on display screen, eyeball also can correspondingly rotate, and can select imaging region.Dichroic coupling beam divider 8 places the vertical intersection of sighting target branch road and lighting sub loop, after annular diaphragm 5, and is inserted between the 3rd lens 7 and the 4th lens 9, forms with two vertical each other optical axises to become 45 to dispose.The effect of dichroic coupling beam divider 8 is to utilize lighting source 1 different with the optical wavelength of sighting target point source 6; Indirect illumination light makes 90 ° of its knuckles, the sighting target of transmission simultaneously light; Form two light beams light path entering follow-up system altogether; Based on this design, could stare at sighting target point source 6 through human eye and select and control the fundus imaging zone.
In surveying branch road; The conjugated lens group of the signal beams that reflects from human eye (10) through forming by human eye 10 and the 5th lens 12; The 5th lens 12 and the 6th lens 14 are also formed the conjugated lens group; The distance of liquid crystal wave-front corrector 15 and the 6th lens 14 is the focal length of the 6th lens 14, and such configuration images on the liquid crystal wave-front corrector 15 pupil.The focal distance ratio of the 5th lens 12 and the 6th lens 14 equals the ratio of PD and liquid crystal wave-front corrector 15 bores, to guarantee being become the collimated light beam that matees with liquid crystal wave-front corrector 15 apertures from the flashlight that fundus reflex comes out by the 6th lens 14 through Amici prism 13 backs.4mm～6mm is departed from the optical axis direction right side of relative the 5th lens 12 of the optical axis of the 6th lens 14, so that incident and the two-beam that reflects liquid crystal wave-front corrector 15 are eccentric through the 6th lens 14 about respectively.Liquid crystal wave-front corrector 15 is can gauged polarization direction corresponding with the P polarized light of PBS polarization beam apparatus (PBS beam splitter) 18; From liquid crystal wave-front corrector 15 beam reflected when arriving reflecting mirror 16; Distance is 8mm～12mm between the optical axis of this bundle folded light beam and incident beam; Make and to have only the folded light beam mirror 16 that is reflected to receive; And the optical path length that 90 ° on the mirror 16 folding axle of being reflected gets into 14 on the 7th lens 17, the seven lens 17 and the 6th lens is the focal length sum of the two, so that become directional light once more through the light beam of the 7th lens 17.Follow-up the 7th lens 17 and the 8th lens 20 are conjugated lens groups, and the distance between the two is the focal length of the 7th lens 17, place PBS beam splitter 18 in the middle of the two, and this collimated light beam is divided into transmission P polarized light and reflection S polarized light.The S polarized light is a light of proofreading and correct, carry the glances aberration without liquid crystal wave-front corrector 15, gets into wave front detector 19, thereby detects the wave front aberration of human eye.The optical path length of wave front detector 19 to the 7th lens 17 is the focal length of the 7th lens 17, to guarantee that this images in liquid crystal wave-front corrector 15 to the conjugated lens group aperture location of wave front detector 19 through the 6th lens 14 and the 7th lens 17.
For the imaging branch road; Be total to light path from human eye 10 to the 7th lens 17 this part light path and detection branch road; And just getting into the imaging branch road from the P polarized light of PBS beam splitter 18 transmissions, the P polarized light is the light of the anophthalmia wave aberration after liquid crystal wave-front corrector 15 is proofreaied and correct, and focuses on the imaging CCD21 through the 8th lens 20; The 8th lens 20 and the 7th lens 17 are conjugated lens groups, and imaging CCD21 makes the illuminated regional imaging in optical fundus.
Can aim at incident light axis expediently for making pupil; A visual pupil position is set demarcates auxiliary optical path; Utilize to survey branch road simultaneously the tram of pupil is demarcated, like Fig. 1: the 20mm in the human eye front upper place～30mm distance is placed the LED 23 of emission wavelength 830nm～900nm, illumination measured pupil; The 5th lens 12 and the 4th lens 9 become the conjugated lens group, make pupil image in the left along of the 4th lens 9; Between the 4th lens 9 and dichroic coupling beam divider 8, insert and dichroic coupling beam divider 8 vertical color separation films 24 again; Make wavelength go out light path greater than the light beam vertical reflection of the LED 23 of 830nm; But not influencing wavelength passes through less than illumination and the sighting target light beam of 830nm; Coude focus place at the 4th lens 9 is provided with pupil camera 22, and pupil camera 22 links to each other with main control computer.Open lighting source 1 and LED 23, open wave front detector 19 and pupil camera 22, from display screen that main control computer links to each other on can see the picture of pupil and the array of light spots of wave front detector 19.Utilize the head bracket of fixing head that the position of human eye is finely tuned, nothing inclination and integral light lattice array all are presented on the display screen in wave front aberration; At this moment, the position of captured pupil image is pupil and the aligned position of incident light axis in the pupil camera 22; Main control computer is the center of circle with the center of pupil image, is that radius is drawn a circle with pupil radius 3mm, as the tram of pupil, this circle and coordinate system thereof is saved in file, deposits in the control sequence of main control computer.
The present invention adopts dipulse to trigger light illumination; The illumination light that has needed when having guaranteed Wavefront detecting and fundus imaging; Be processed the optical fundus illumination in the time and closed detectable signal, avoided unnecessary luminous energy to get into human eye, effectively reduce the harm of illumination light human eye.Because the laser instrument triggering of lighting source 1 needs to use the TTL signal; Diaphragm 3 is switched in the visual field in addition generally needs to surpass the 10V driven; Realize the control that diaphragm 3 is switched in illumination light source 1 and visual field so use the Single-chip Controlling box; The Single-chip Controlling box is connected with main control computer, and the triggering of using single-chip microcomputer can control lighting source 1 and visual field switching diaphragm 3 is accurate to 1ms constantly.
Set up the response matrix R of 19 pairs of wave-front correctors 15 of wave front detector: at first human eye 10 usefulness simulated eyes are substituted; Simulated eye is that cemented doublet and the diffuse-reflectance screen of 20mm is formed by focal length; Cemented doublet is placed on residing position, protoplast's eye pupil hole, and the diffuse-reflectance screen is placed on the residing position of former human eye retina.Open lighting source 1, can on the diffuse-reflectance screen, see the convergence luminous point; Open wave front detector 19 and can detect, move forward and backward and regulate the defocusing amount minimum of diffuse-reflectance screen on tested wavefront from the wavefront of simulated eye outgoing.Open response matrix measurement control software is measured the preceding response matrix R of preceding 36 Zernike mode waves then.R deposits in the main control computer with response matrix.
Remove simulated eye, make measured human eye 10 be positioned at position shown in Figure 1, can begin the fundus imaging process of aberration adaptively correcting.
Control sequence is contained in the main control computer; Linear displacement mechanism 11, liquid crystal wave-front corrector 15, wave front detector 19, imaging CCD21, pupil camera 22 all link to each other with main control computer with sighting target point source 6; Receive programme-control wherein, lighting source 1, visual field are switched diaphragm 3 and are linked to each other with main control computer indirectly through the Single-chip Controlling box.The first step of system works flow process is to make measured's pupil aim at incident light axis: the circle of the labelling pupil tram in the main control computer is presented on the display screen, and measured's head is fixed on the head bracket, opens sighting target point source 6; The coarse adjustment head bracket is so that human eye can be seen the picture of sighting target; The sighting target that fine tuning linear displacement mechanism 11 sees human eye looks like to become clear, opens LED 23 and pupil camera 22, and the human eye pupil is made a video recording; The fine tuning headstock overlaps with the demarcation circle up to pupil image; Make the visual field switch diaphragm 3 and be in aperture position, to produce required " point source " of Wavefront detecting; Then by flow process control shown in Figure 2: the exposure shutter opening that triggers wave front detector 19; Trigger lighting source 1 immediately and open, " point source " sends pulsed light, and the burst length is 5ms～10ms; Wave front detector 19 continues exposure in this time, close shutter then; Then make the visual field switch diaphragm 3 and switch to macropore to produce imaging required " area source ", meanwhile computer carries out the wavefront processing in proper order, sends correction signals, waits for 15 responses of liquid crystal wave-front corrector to liquid crystal wave-front corrector 15; And then trigger lighting source 1 and open, " area source " sends pulsed light, and the pulse duration is 5ms～10ms, and CCD21 opens fast exposure gate with the imaging in season, when end-of-pulsing, is closed into the shutter of picture CCD21; The CCD21 that forms images at last passes to main control computer with the eye fundus image that obtains.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is optical fundus, a big visual field of the present invention self adaptive imaging optical texture sketch map.Wherein, 1 for lighting source, 2 be first lens, 3 for the visual field switch diaphragm, 4 be second lens, 5 for annular diaphragm, 6 for sighting target point source, 7 be the 3rd lens, 8 for dichroic coupling beam divider, 9 be the 4th lens, 10 for human eye, 11 for linear displacement mechanism, 12 be the 5th lens, 13 for Amici prism, 14 be the 6th lens, 15 for the liquid crystal wave-front corrector, 16 for reflecting mirror, 17 be the 7th lens, 18 for the PBS beam splitter, 19 for wave front detector, 20 be the 8th lens, 21 for imaging CCD, 22 be that pupil camera, 23 is the long-pass color separation film of color separation wavelength 830nm for the LED of emission wavelength 830nm～900nm, 24.
Fig. 2 is the controlled workflow of optical fundus, big visual field self adaptive imaging.
Fig. 3 is the retina cone cell image of the near-sighted human eye of 500 degree, and (a) 100 microns view field image obtaining before enlarging for the visual field wherein (b) are the image of 500 microns visual fields in system of the present invention, obtaining.
The specific embodiment
Understand the present invention for clearer, the project organization of being done is elaborated below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment: to the optical fundus cone cell imaging of the near-sighted human eye of 500 degree
1) used lighting source 1 is a small semiconductor laser, has the optical fiber coupling, core diameter 500 μ m, emission wavelength λ
1Be 808nm, output is in that 10mW～the 20mW scope is adjustable; Being close to the optical fiber transmitting terminal has the clouded glass by the continuous rotation of Electric Machine Control, speed of rotation scope 1000rpm～2000rpm, and output laser is through having the clouded glass of 75%～80% transmitance, to eliminate from the speckle that is concerned with.
2) first lens 2, second lens 4, the 3rd lens 7, the 4th lens 9, the 5th lens 12, the 6th lens 14, the 7th lens 17, the 8th lens 20 are two gummed achromats, and the surface is coated with anti-reflection film.Bore is followed successively by: 10mm, 25mm, 25mm, 20mm, 20mm, 40mm, 20mm, 20mm; Focal length is followed successively by: 20mm, 250mm, 250mm, 250mm, 200mm, 250mm, 86mm, 100mm.
3) used visual field switching diaphragm 3 is a two-leaved electric-controlled mechanical diaphragm, and energising is opened and is macropore, and diameter 5mm, powered-down are reduced to aperture, diameter 1mm; Cut-in voltage 12V, open response time 26ms; Be initially in aperture position, the circular light spot diameter that is radiated at the human eye optical fundus is 100 microns; Switch to macropore after detection finishes, the circular light spot diameter that is radiated at the human eye optical fundus is 500 microns.
4) the external diameter 7.3mm of used annular diaphragm 5, internal diameter 3mm, be close to second lens 4 after; Be imaged onto the human eye pupil position through the 4th lens 9, Amici prism 13 and the 5th lens 12, it is 5.8mm, internal diameter 2.4mm that the external diameter of its picture is slightly less than pupil.
5) adopting emission wavelength λ ' is that the light emitting diode of 550nm is as sighting target point source 6.
6) used dichroic coupling beam divider 8, bore 25mm is to λ
1The optical fundus illumination light of=808nm wavelength has 95% reflectance, to λ
2The sighting target light of=550nm wavelength has 95% transmitance.
7) tested human eye 10 is 500 degree myopia, than making PD be stabilized in 6.0mm under the dark situation.
8) used linear displacement mechanism 11 is the one dimension displacement device, displacement accuracy 0.01mm, stroke 120mm.
9) inverse ratio that passes through of used 13 pairs of 808nm wavelength of Amici prism optical fundus illumination light is about 9: 1.
10) used liquid crystal corrector 15, the reflective LCOS device of pure phase-type, U.S. BNS company produces; Model P512-0785, logical light window 7.68mm * 7.68mm, number of picture elements 512 * 512; Cent(e)ring wavelength 785nm, liquid crystal is 15ms to the response time of driving voltage.
11) used reflecting mirror 16 is the thin, planar reflecting mirror, area 15mm * 15mm, thickness 2mm, reflectance 95%.
12) used PBS beam splitter 18, diameter 50mm, the extinction ratio of the P polarized light of when the optical fundus of 808nm wavelength illumination light sees through, telling is 1 * 10
-3
13) used wave front detector 19 is Hartmann's type, and effectively the lenticule number is 91; 2.5mm being Britain ANDOR company, receiving aperture, the CCD of configuration produce model EM-DV897; 128 * 128 pixels; Quantum efficiency is 70% in the 808nm wavelength, Wavefront detecting speed 200Hz, measurement error peak-to-valley value 0.05 λ
1, root-mean-square value 0.01 λ
1
14) used imaging CCD camera 21 is the high sensitivity scientific grade CCD, and Britain ANDOR company produces, model EM-DV897,512 * 512 pixels.
15) used pupil camera 22 is the CCD camera of COOKE company production, model Pixel Fly QE, 1390 * 1024 pixels.
16) used LED 23 is the infrared diode light source, emission wavelength λ
3Be 830nm～900nm wave band, power 600 μ W.
17) used color separation film 24, bore 25mm is that cutoff wavelength is the long wave pass filter of 830nm.Wavelength is had 95% reflectance greater than the light of 830nm, wavelength is had 95% transmitance less than the light of 830nm.
18) utilize said elements to build big visual field liquid crystal adaptive aberration correcting fundus imaging optical system according to light channel structure shown in Figure 1; Wherein the distance of 5mm is departed from the optical axis direction right side of relative the 5th lens 12 of the optical axis of the 6th lens 14, and incident is separated with the two-beam that reflects liquid crystal wave-front corrector 15; Linear adjustment displacement mechanism 11 makes the optical path length d=250mm of the 4th lens 9 to the 5th lens 12; The main control computer of configuration self adapting control and signal processing; Sighting target point source 6, linear displacement mechanism 11, liquid crystal wave-front corrector 15, wave front detector 19, imaging CCD21 all link to each other with main control computer with pupil camera 22; Controlled by it, lighting source 1, visual field are switched diaphragm 3 and also are connected with main control computer through the Single-chip Controlling box.
19) set up the response matrix R of 19 pairs of wave-front correctors 15 of wave front detector: human eye 10 usefulness simulated eyes are substituted.Open lighting source 1, on the diffuse-reflectance screen of simulated eye, see the convergence luminous point; Open the wavefront that wave front detector 19 is surveyed from the simulated eye outgoing, move forward and backward and regulate the defocusing amount minimum of diffuse-reflectance screen on tested wavefront.Open response matrix measurement control software is measured the preceding response matrix R of preceding 36 Zernike mode waves then.R deposits main control computer in response matrix.
20) remove simulated eye, measured human eye 10 is positioned at position shown in Figure 1, and pupil is aimed at incident light axis: from main control computer, access the circle of labelling pupil tram, on the display screen that it is presented at main control computer links to each other; Open sighting target point source 6, the coarse adjustment head bracket is so that human eye can be seen the picture of sighting target; The sighting target that fine tuning linear displacement mechanism 11 sees human eye looks like to become clear; Open LED 23 and pupil camera 22, the human eye pupil is made a video recording, and pupil image is also shown on the display screen; The fine tuning head bracket overlaps with the labelling circle up to pupil image, accomplishes pupil and incident illumination shaft alignement.
21) the adaptive aberration correcting fundus imaging process of beginning human eye 10: diaphragm 3 is switched in the visual field place aperture position, light sighting target point source 6, make us eye 10 and initiatively stare the sighting target picture that the 4th lens 9 and 12 confocal on the 5th lens are located, clear up to vision; Trigger the exposure shutter opening of wave front detector 19, trigger lighting source 1 immediately and open, " point source " sends the pulsed light of 10ms, and wave front detector 19 is accepted the pulse exposure; Then make the visual field switch diaphragm 3 and switch to macropore, handoff response 25ms, meanwhile computer carries out the wave front data processing in proper order, sends correction signals, waits for 15 responses of liquid crystal wave-front corrector, these three process 29ms consuming time to liquid crystal wave-front corrector 15; Trigger lighting source 1 immediately again and open, " area source " sends the pulsed light of 8ms, and imaging CCD21 accepts the pulse exposure, and the acquisition diameter is 500 microns big visual field cone cell imaging; Cone cell image input main control computer.
22) analysis result:
Shown in Figure 3 is the cone cell picture of same tested human eye before and after the visual field enlarges, and wherein the visual field of (a) figure is 200 microns, and (b) figure is the picture that obtains in the system of the present invention, and the visual field is 500 microns, knows to demonstrate effect of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the system of one kind big visual field LCD self-adapting optics fundus imaging is characterized in that:
In the lighting sub loop of LCD self-adapting optics eyeground imaging system, insert the reducing diaphragm, change the illuminated area in optical fundus immediately, both can satisfy the point source requirement of Wavefront detecting, can satisfy the area source requirement of the big view field imaging in optical fundus again.
The system of big visual field LCD self-adapting optics fundus imaging comprises lighting sub loop, sighting target branch road, detection branch road, imaging branch road, visual pupil position demarcation auxiliary optical path.
Lighting sub loop switches diaphragm (3), second lens (4), annular diaphragm (5), dichroic coupling beam divider (8), the 4th lens (9) Amici prisms (13), the 5th lens (12) formation by lighting source (1), first lens (2), visual field; Sighting target props up route sighting target point source (6), the 3rd lens (7), dichroic coupling beam divider (8), the 4th lens (9), Amici prism (13), the 5th lens (12) formation; Survey a route human eye (10), linear displacement mechanism (11), the 5th lens (12), Amici prism (13), the 6th lens (14), liquid crystal wave-front corrector (15), reflecting mirror (16), the 7th lens (17), PBS polarization beam apparatus (18), wave front detector (19) formation, an imaging route human eye (10), linear displacement mechanism (11), the 5th lens (12), Amici prism (13), the 6th lens (14), reflecting mirror (16), the 7th lens (17), PBS polarization beam apparatus (18), the 8th lens (20), imaging CCD (21) form; Visual pupil position is demarcated auxiliary optical path and is made up of LED (23), human eye (10), linear displacement mechanism (11), the 5th lens (12), Amici prism (13), the 4th lens (9), color separation film (24), pupil camera (22);
The wavelength X of described lighting source (1)
1Decide the wavelength X of sighting target light source (6) according to the fundus imaging optical properties of tissue
2Belong to visible light wave range, λ
2Compare λ
1Short, the wavelength X of the LED (23) of illumination pupil
3Compare λ
1Also long, i.e. λ
2＜λ
1＜λ
3
In lighting sub loop, it is f that focal length is set
1First lens (2) and lighting source (1) at a distance of 1.1f
1, make lighting source (1) pass through first lens (2) back at 11f
1Locate 10 times of amplification imagings, the visual field is switched diaphragm (3) and is placed this as the light source place; Second lens (4) and the 4th lens (9) the conjugated lens group that partners makes the visual field switch the picture source imaging that diaphragm (3) locates and is time picture light source; Dichroic coupling beam divider (8) becomes the 45 configuration with optical axis as light beam of light source, reflection wavelength is λ
1Illuminating bundle, and with 90 ° on its folding axle; Amici prism (13) becomes 45 configuration with the optical axis of the 4th lens (9), make light beam as light source be reflected once more 90 ° on folding axle, arrival optical fundus through the 5th lens (12) after then; The 4th lens (9) and the 5th lens (12) are formed the conjugated lens group through Amici prism (13); The 5th lens (12) are the focal length of the 5th lens (12) with the distance of human eye pupil; The 5th lens (12) and human eye (10) are formed second pair of conjugated lens group; The two is fixed in the linear displacement mechanism (11), and adjustment linear displacement mechanism (11) can make time picture source imaging on the human eye optical fundus; Annular diaphragm (5) is close to second lens (4) afterwards, makes light beam pass through to become annular beam incident human eye behind the annular diaphragm (5); The 5th lens (12) rely on human eye refractive diopter D and change to the optical path length d of the 4th lens (9), and by formula calculate (1),
d＝(1000-Df
12)f
12/1000+f
9 (1)
Wherein, f
9Be the focal length of the 4th lens (9), f
12Be the focal length of the 5th lens (12), D does not have unit, and D>=4, other parameter unit are mm;
Dichroic coupling beam divider (8) places the vertical intersection of sighting target branch road and lighting sub loop, at annular diaphragm (5) afterwards, and is inserted between the 3rd lens (7) and the 4th lens (9), forms with two vertical each other optical axises to become 45 to dispose;
In the sighting target branch road, emission wavelength is visible light wave range λ
2Sighting target point source (6), be positioned at the along of the 3rd lens (7); The 3rd lens (7) and the 4th lens (9) are formed the conjugated lens group, make sighting target point source (6) at the human eye fundus imaging;
In surveying branch road, the conjugated lens group of signal beams that reflects from human eye (10) through forming by human eye 10 and the 5th lens 12; Liquid crystal wave-front corrector (15) is the focal length of the 6th lens (14) with the distance of the 6th lens (14), and the 5th lens (12) and the 6th lens (14) are formed another to the conjugated lens group, and pupil is imaged on the liquid crystal wave-front corrector (15); 4mm～6mm is departed from the optical axis direction right side of relative the 5th lens of the optical axis of the 6th lens (14) (12), so that incident and the two-beam that reflects liquid crystal wave-front corrector (15) are eccentric through the 6th lens (14) about respectively; The gauged polarization direction of liquid crystal wave-front corrector (15) is corresponding with the P polarized light of PBS polarization beam apparatus (18); From liquid crystal wave-front corrector (15) beam reflected when arriving reflecting mirror (16); Distance is 8mm～12mm between the optical axis of folded light beam and incident beam; Make and to have only the folded light beam mirror (16) that is reflected to receive, and the mirror 16 folding axles that are reflected get into the 7th lens (17) for 90 °, the optical path length between the 7th lens (17) and the 6th lens (14) is the focal length sum of the two; The 7th lens (17) and the 8th lens (20) are the conjugated lens groups, and the distance between the two is the focal length of the 7th lens (17), place PBS beam splitter (18) in the middle of the two, and this collimated light beam is divided into transmission P polarized light and reflection S polarized light; The S polarized light is a light of proofreading and correct, carry the glances aberration without liquid crystal wave-front corrector (15), gets into wave front detector (19), thereby detects the wave front aberration of human eye; Wave front detector (19) is the focal length of the 7th lens (17) to the optical path length of the 7th lens (17), makes that this images in liquid crystal wave-front corrector (15) to the conjugated lens group aperture location of wave front detector (19) through the 6th lens (14) and the 7th lens (17);
For the imaging branch road; Be total to light path from human eye (10) to this part light path of the 7th lens (17) with the detection branch road; And just get into the imaging branch road from the P polarized light of PBS beam splitter (18) transmission; The P polarized light is the light of the anophthalmia wave aberration after liquid crystal wave-front corrector (15) is proofreaied and correct, and focuses on the imaging CCD (21) through the 8th lens (20), makes the illuminated regional imaging in optical fundus;
Demarcate in the auxiliary optical path at visual pupil position, place LED (23) in human eye (10) front upper place 20mm～30mm distance, illumination measured pupil makes pupil image in the left along of the 4th lens (9) through the 5th lens (12) and the 4th lens (9); Between the 4th lens (9) and dichroic coupling beam divider (8), insert with the vertical color separation film of dichroic coupling beam divider (8) (24), make wavelength more than or equal to λ
3LED (23) light beam vertical reflection go out light path, get into the pupil camera (22) that is provided with at the coude focus place of the 4th lens (9);
Linear displacement mechanism (11), liquid crystal wave-front corrector (15), wave front detector (19), imaging CCD (21), pupil camera (22) all link to each other with the main control computer that control sequence is housed with sighting target point source (6), and lighting source (1), visual field are switched diaphragm (3) and linked to each other with main control computer indirectly through the Single-chip Controlling box;
Use visual pupil position to demarcate auxiliary optical path and the tram of surveying branch road demarcation pupil: to open lighting source (1) and LED (23); Open wave front detector (19) and pupil camera (22), see the picture of pupil and the array of light spots of wave front detector (19) from the display screen that links to each other with main control computer; Utilize the head bracket of fixing head that the position of human eye is finely tuned, nothing inclination and integral light lattice array all are presented on the display screen in wave front aberration; At this moment, the position of captured pupil image is pupil and the aligned position of incident light axis in the pupil camera (22); Main control computer is the center of circle with the center of pupil image, is that radius is drawn a circle with pupil radius 3mm, as the labelling of pupil tram, this circle and coordinate system thereof is saved in file, deposits in the control sequence of main control computer;
The program of big visual field LCD self-adapting optics fundus imaging: the adjustment head bracket makes pupil aim at mark position " circle "; Open sighting target point source (6), make human eye stare at the picture of sighting target, the sighting target that fine tuning linear displacement mechanism 11 sees human eye looks like to become clear; The visual field is switched diaphragm (3) and is in aperture position, produces required " point source " of Wavefront detecting; Trigger the exposure shutter opening of wave front detector (19), trigger lighting source (1) immediately and open, " point source " sends pulsed light, and the burst length is 5ms～10ms, and wave front detector (19) continues exposure in this time, close shutter then; Then make the visual field switch diaphragm (3) and switch to macropore to produce imaging required " area source ", meanwhile computer carries out the wavefront processing in proper order, sends correction signal, waits for liquid crystal wave-front corrector (15) response to liquid crystal wave-front corrector (15); Trigger lighting source (1) again and open, " area source " sends pulsed light, and the pulse duration is 5ms～10ms, opens fast exposure gate with imaging CCD in season (21), when end-of-pulsing, is closed into the shutter of picture CCD (21); The CCD (21) that forms images at last passes to main control computer with the eye fundus image that obtains.
2. big visual field according to claim 1 LCD self-adapting optics eyeground imaging system is characterized in that:
The inverse ratio thoroughly of the Amici prism in the lighting sub loop (13) is 9: 1; The visual field is switched diaphragm (3) and is placed aperture position, and the spot diameter that is radiated at human eye (10) optical fundus is 100 ± 20 microns, and the visual field is switched diaphragm (3) and placed big hole site, and the spot diameter that is radiated at human eye (10) optical fundus is 400 microns～600 microns; The handoff response time that diaphragm (3) is switched in the visual field is shorter than 30ms;
The 5th lens (12) in the detection branch road and the focal distance ratio of the 6th lens (14) equal the ratio of PD and liquid crystal wave-front corrector (15) bore, make the flashlight that comes out from fundus reflex become the collimated light beam that matees with liquid crystal wave-front corrector (15) aperture by the 6th lens (14) through Amici prism (13) back.
3. big visual field according to claim 1 LCD self-adapting optics eyeground imaging system is characterized in that:
One, a visual pupil position is set and demarcates auxiliary optical path
At the LED (23) of human eye (10) front upper place 20mm～30mm distance placement emission wavelength 830nm～900nm, illumination measured pupil, the 5th lens (12) and the 4th lens (9) make pupil image in the left along of the 4th lens (9); Between the 4th lens (9) and dichroic coupling beam divider (8), insert and the vertical color separation film of dichroic coupling beam divider (8) (24); Make wavelength go out light path greater than the light beam vertical reflection of the LED (23) of 830nm; But not influencing wavelength passes through less than illumination and the sighting target light beam of 830nm; At the coude focus place of the 4th lens (9) pupil camera (22) is set, pupil camera (22) links to each other with main control computer;
Two, the tram of pupil is demarcated
Open lighting source (1) and LED (23), open wave front detector (19) and pupil camera (22), see the picture of pupil and the array of light spots of wave front detector (19) from the display screen that links to each other with main control computer; Utilize the head bracket of fixing head that the position of human eye is finely tuned, nothing inclination and integral light lattice array all are presented on the display screen in wave front aberration; At this moment, the position of captured pupil image is pupil and the aligned position of incident light axis in the pupil camera (22); Main control computer is the center of circle with the center of pupil image, is that radius is drawn a circle with pupil radius 3mm, and the tram labelling as pupil is saved in file with this circle and coordinate system thereof, deposits in the control sequence of main control computer;
Three, measured's pupil is aimed at incident light axis
The circle of the labelling pupil tram in the main control computer is presented on the display screen, and measured's head is fixed on the head bracket; Open sighting target point source (6), the coarse adjustment head bracket is so that human eye can be seen the picture of sighting target; The sighting target that fine tuning linear displacement mechanism (11) sees human eye looks like to become clear; Open LED (23) and pupil camera (22), the human eye pupil is made a video recording, the fine tuning headstock overlaps with the demarcation circle up to pupil image.
4. big visual field according to claim 1 LCD self-adapting optics eyeground imaging system is characterized in that:
1) used lighting source (1) is a small semiconductor laser, has the optical fiber coupling, core diameter 500 μ m, emission wavelength λ
1Be 808nm, output is in that 10mW～the 20mW scope is adjustable; Being close to the optical fiber transmitting terminal has the clouded glass by the continuous rotation of Electric Machine Control, speed of rotation scope 1000rpm～2000rpm, and output laser is through having the clouded glass of 75%～80% transmitance, to eliminate from the speckle that is concerned with;
2) first lens (2), second lens (4), the 3rd lens (7), the 4th lens (9), the 5th lens (12), the 6th lens (14), the 7th lens (17), the 8th lens (20) are two gummed achromats; And the surface is coated with anti-reflection film; Bore is followed successively by: 10mm, 25mm, 25mm, 20mm, 20mm, 40mm, 20mm, 20mm, and focal length is followed successively by: 20mm, 250mm, 250mm, 250mm, 200mm, 250mm, 86mm, 100mm;
3) used visual field switching diaphragm (3) is a two-leaved electric-controlled mechanical diaphragm, diameter 5mm when energising is opened to macropore, diameter 1mm when powered-down is reduced to aperture; Cut-in voltage 12V, open response time 26ms; Be initially in aperture position, the circular light spot diameter that is radiated at the human eye optical fundus is 100 microns; Switch to macropore after detection finishes, the circular light spot diameter that is radiated at the human eye optical fundus is 500 microns;
4) used Amici prism (13) to 808nm wavelength optical fundus illumination light to pass through inverse ratio be 9: 1;
5) adopt emission wavelength λ
2For the light emitting diode of 550nm as sighting target point source (6);
6) used dichroic coupling beam divider (8), bore 25mm is to λ
1The optical fundus illumination light of=808nm wavelength has 95% reflectance, to λ
2The sighting target light of=550nm wavelength has 95% transmitance;
7) used liquid crystal corrector (15), the reflective LCOS device of pure phase-type, U.S. BNS company produces; Model P512-0785, logical light window 7.68mm * 7.68mm, number of picture elements 512 * 512; Cent(e)ring wavelength 785nm, liquid crystal is 15ms to the response time of driving voltage;
8) used wave front detector (19) is Hartmann's type, and effectively the lenticule number is 91; 2.5mm being Britain ANDOR company, receiving aperture, the CCD of configuration produce model EM-DV897; 128 * 128 pixels; Quantum efficiency is 70% in the 808nm wavelength, Wavefront detecting speed 200Hz, measurement error peak-to-valley value 0.05 λ
1, root-mean-square value 0.01 λ
1
9) used imaging CCD camera (21) is the high sensitivity scientific grade CCD, and Britain ANDOR company produces, model EM-DV897,512 * 512 pixels;
10) used pupil camera (22) is the CCD camera of COOKE company production, model Pixel FlyQE, 1390 * 1024 pixels;
11) used LED (23) is the infrared diode light source, emission wavelength λ
3Be 830nm～900nm wave band, power 600W;
12) used color separation film (24), bore 25mm is that cutoff wavelength is the long wave pass filter of 830nm, and wavelength is had 95% reflectance greater than the light of 830nm, and wavelength is had 95% transmitance less than the light of 830nm;
13) distance of 5mm is departed from the optical axis direction right side of relative the 5th lens of the optical axis of the 6th lens (14) (12), makes incident separate 10mm with the two-beam that reflects liquid crystal wave-front corrector (15); Linear adjustment displacement mechanism (11) makes the optical path length d=250mm of the 4th lens (9) to the 5th lens (12);
14) used PBS beam splitter (18), diameter 50mm, the extinction ratio of the P polarized light of when the optical fundus of 808nm wavelength illumination light sees through, telling is 1 * 10
-3
15) the external diameter 7.3mm of used annular diaphragm (5), internal diameter 3mm are imaged onto the human eye pupil position through the 4th lens (9), Amici prism (13) and the 5th lens (12), and it is 5.8mm, internal diameter 2.4mm that the external diameter of its picture is slightly less than pupil;
16) used linear displacement mechanism (11) is the one dimension displacement device, displacement accuracy 0.01mm, stroke 120mm;
17) used reflecting mirror (16) is the thin, planar reflecting mirror, area 15mm * 15mm, thickness 2mm, reflectance 95%.
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| CN108955904B (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2020-04-10 | 北京空间机电研究所 | Multifunctional wavefront detection device considering point-surface target |
| CN110584593A (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2019-12-20 | 中国科学院苏州生物医学工程技术研究所 | Common beam scanning retinal imaging system |
| CN111012325A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-04-17 | 华中科技大学苏州脑空间信息研究院 | Precise light control system and light control method |
| CN115335751A (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2022-11-11 | 元平台技术有限公司 | Eye tracking fundus imaging system |
| CN112641423A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-04-13 | 北京理工大学 | Stray light eliminating type mydriasis-free eye fundus camera with large view field |
| CN114216655A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-03-22 | 江苏汇鼎光学眼镜有限公司 | Method for measuring imaging quality of spectacle lens |
| CN114216655B (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2023-12-01 | 江苏汇鼎光学眼镜有限公司 | Measuring method for imaging quality of spectacle lens |
| CN114624896A (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2022-06-14 | 中国航空工业集团公司洛阳电光设备研究所 | Long-focus double-view-field television/short-wave infrared common-path optical system |
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