CN102419430B - Parallel-baseline-based two-dimensional direction finding method of round array phase interferometer - Google Patents
Parallel-baseline-based two-dimensional direction finding method of round array phase interferometer Download PDFInfo
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- CN102419430B CN102419430B CN 201110235023 CN201110235023A CN102419430B CN 102419430 B CN102419430 B CN 102419430B CN 201110235023 CN201110235023 CN 201110235023 CN 201110235023 A CN201110235023 A CN 201110235023A CN 102419430 B CN102419430 B CN 102419430B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of radio monitoring technologies, and provides a parallel baseline based method for realizing two-dimensional wideband direction finding for a phase interferometer. The method comprises the steps of: figuring out a possible fuzzy number combination of a phase difference between two groups of parallel baselines by utilizing a linear relationship among fuzzy numbers of the phase difference between the two groups of parallel baselines in a uniform round array, thereby estimating the direction cosine of a possible incident signal; subsequently, calculating the corresponding phase differences among all the longest baselines; correlating actually measured phase difference vectors of all the longest baselines of the uniform round array; finding out a phase difference vector corresponding to the maximum correlation coefficient for estimation of a theoretical phase difference vector; and acquiring non-fuzzy phase difference vectors of all the longest baselines by resolving the phase ambiguity of all the longest baselines. According to the method provided by the invention, the deficiencies of other ambiguity resolving methods can be overcome; the estimation of the direction cosine approaches a CRLB (Cremer-Rao Lower Bound), so that the direction estimation of the incident signal achieves a very high direction finding precision; in addition, the calculation quantity in the invention is less.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the radio monitoring technical field, particularly the two dimension of the wide-band phase-interferometer in radio monitoring direction-finding method.
Background technology
Interferometer direction finding has the advantages such as algorithm is simple, highly sensitive, real-time is good, applicable antenna array is various informative, is widely used in the direction-finding system in electronic reconnaissance field.In order to improve the ability of direction finding precision and anti-multipath effect, require antenna aperture enough large, yet this must cause the fuzzy of direction finding.So in the phase-interferometer direction finding, the ambiguity of phase place is that ambiguity is to affect whether successful key issue of direction finding.
For addressing the above problem, various ambiguity solution methods are arisen at the historic moment.Present existing interferometer ambiguity solution method mainly contains: utilize long, the method ambiguity solution that short baseline combines (is seen document: Chen Qi, yellow brilliant, Song Shiqiong. the design studies [C] of circle battle array in nine yuan of uniform circular array interferometer direction finding systems. the 14 Annual Conference collection of thesis of electronic countermeasure branch of Chinese Institute of Electronics, 2005, (1): 717-721.), (see document: Gong Xiang iridium based on the phase differential ambiguity solution of diversity distance, Yuan Junquan, Sun Xiaochang. based on the ambiguity solution method research [J] of the phase differential variation value of diversity distance. signal is processed, 2003,19(4): 308-311) and the method (Chen Li of many baselines group cluster, Chen Hao, Xiao grants first. five yuan of uniform circular array interferometer weighting Direction Finding Algorithms and separate the condition [J] of phase ambiguity. and electronic countermeasure: 2004, (1): 8-12.).Although long and short baseline combined method simple and flexible requires the shortest baseline to be less than the half-wavelength of incoming signal, this has limited the maximum operation frequency of antenna.Phase differential ambiguity solution method based on diversity distance requires array element distance to satisfy certain irregular relation, and signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) also there is certain restriction (Zhou Yaqiang, old flying, Huangfu may, Sun Zhongkang. Algorithm of Solving Multi-baseline Interferometer Phase DifferenceAmbiguity in Noisy Circumstance [J]. electronics and information journal: 2005,27(2) 259-261.).The method calculated amount of many baselines group cluster is larger, and can't provide a clear and definite cluster thresholding, has a strong impact on the understanding fuzzy performance.
In the various direction-finding methods of prior art, all have the problem that usable range is limited or calculated amount is large, the precision of simultaneous direction finding also is difficult to guarantee.
Summary of the invention
In various direction-finding methods of the prior art, exist usable range limited or calculated amount is large, the precision of simultaneous direction finding also is difficult to the technical matters that guarantees, and therefore an a kind of circle battle array phase-interferometer two dimension direction-finding method based on parallel baseline is provided.
The invention discloses a kind of circle battle array phase-interferometer two dimension direction-finding method based on parallel baseline, described method specifically comprises following steps:
The first step: choose two groups of parallel baselines in the planar array
With
, base length is respectively
, and
, the angle between two groups of parallel baselines is
Second step: the phase differential that calculates first group of parallel baseline
Phase differential with second group of parallel baseline
, and calculate
Root is the phase differential vector of long baseline
, wherein
Be element number of array;
The 3rd step: the phase differential that utilizes second step to obtain
With
Calculate the possible fuzzy number of two groups of parallel baselines
,
,
,
:
The 4th step: go on foot the fuzzy number that obtains by the 3rd
,
,
,
, have
Right
,
Right
, that is:
Group
, calculate respectively the direction cosine that N organizes incoming signal;
The 5th step: obtain according to the 4th step
The direction cosine of group incoming signal calculate the N group
The longest baseline phase differential vector of root
The 6th step: the 5th step was obtained
With the M root of the actual measurement phase differential vector of long baseline
Carry out related calculation and select related coefficient when maximum corresponding phase differential vector be designated as
The 7th step: vectorial according to the phase differential that the 6th step obtained
Obtain
Root is the fuzzy number vector of long baseline
The 8th step: the fuzzy number vector that obtains with the 7th step obtains without fuzzy phase differential vector
Preferably, said method also further comprises:
The 9th step: find the solution the least square solution of direction cosine by the fuzzy phase differential vector of the nothing calculated, calculate the estimation of incoming signal direction cosine.
Preferably, said method also further comprises:
The tenth step: utilize the 9th to go on foot the estimation computer azimuth angle of the direction cosine that obtain and the estimation of the angle of pitch.
Preferably, above-mentioned planar array is uniform circular array.
Preferably, in above-mentioned the 6th step, the function of related operation is:
Preferably, obtain in above-mentioned 6 the 7th steps
Root is the fuzzy number vector of long baseline
Function is:
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: proposed a kind of circle battle array phase-interferometer two dimension direction-finding method based on parallel baseline, the method is by choosing two groups of parallel baselines in the uniform circular array, utilize the linear relationship between the fuzzy number of parallel baseline phase differential, calculate the combination of possible fuzzy number, corresponding with it phase differential vector is obtained in combination according to fuzzy number, then utilize related operation to find out the poor estimation of notional phase, by solution the longest baseline the longest baseline phase differential of phase ambiguity vector without fuzzy value, calculate at last the estimation of incoming signal position angle and the angle of pitch with least square method.The present invention not only can overcome the deficiency of other ambiguity solution algorithm, and high-precision incoming signal direction estimated value can be provided, and the direction cosine that obtain are estimated to approach preferably a carat Metro lower limit.In addition, calculated amount of the present invention is less, has guaranteed the real-time of broadband direction finding.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram based on the circle battle array phase-interferometer two dimension direction-finding method of parallel baseline.
Fig. 3 is two groups of parallel baseline Selection Models.
Fig. 5 is direction cosine
The comparison of estimation and carat Metro lower limit.
Fig. 6 is direction finding standard deviation in position angle of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is angle of pitch direction finding standard deviation of the present invention.
Embodiment
Describe the specific embodiment of the present invention in detail below in conjunction with Figure of description.
The process flow diagram of justifying battle array phase-interferometer two dimension direction-finding method based on parallel baseline as shown in Figure 1, described method specifically comprises following steps:
The first step: choose two groups of parallel baselines in the uniform circular array
With
, base length is respectively
, and
, the angle between two groups of parallel baselines is
Second step: the phase differential that calculates first group of parallel baseline
Phase differential with second group of parallel baseline
, and calculate
Root is the phase differential vector of long baseline
, wherein
Be element number of array;
The 4th step: go on foot and to obtain by the 3rd
Right
, in like manner can get
Right
, therefore can obtain
Group
Or
Combination, will
Group
Respectively substitution:
The 5th step: obtain according to the 4th step
The direction cosine of group incoming signal are updated to the theoretical calculation formula that calculates phase differential, and are available
Group
The longest baseline phase differential vector of root
(4)
Corresponding phase differential vector was the estimation of notional phase difference vector when modus ponens (4) was maximum
The 7th step: go on foot the poor estimation of notional phase that obtains with the 6th
Substitution:
The 8th step: with the fuzzy number substitution:
Thereby obtain without fuzzy phase differential vector
The 9th step: find the solution the least square solution of direction cosine by the fuzzy phase differential vector of the nothing calculated, it is as follows to find the solution formula:
Wherein
,
It is one
Matrix, its every delegation chooses combination corresponding to the corresponding array element of the longest baseline, supposes that certain row is corresponding to array element
And array element
Combination, then the 1st element of this row is
, the 2nd element is
,
Combination one total
Kind,
Be element number of array;
The tenth step: utilize the 9th to go on foot the estimation computer azimuth angle of the direction cosine that obtain and the estimation of the angle of pitch:
Principle of work of the present invention is as follows:
Consider M unit uniform circular array as shown in Figure 2, the array element radius is
, as a reference point with the center of circle.If the incoming signal direction is
, its frequency is
, wavelength is
, wherein,
Be the light velocity, then
Individual array element with respect to the phase place of reference point is:
(9)
So the
Individual array element and
Phase differential between the individual array element can be expressed as:
Order
,
Be
Individual array element and
Base length between the individual array element, as shown in Figure 3, wherein the center of circle is true origin, direct north is
Axle is parallel to
Base direction is
Axle.Therefore, formula (10) can be written as:
Wherein,
Thereby can be poor in the hope of two groups of baseline notional phases
, wherein
Be two groups of parallel baseline sequence numbers.When the ratio (baseline wavelength ratio) of the longest base length and signal wavelength is larger, phase ambiguity can appear, so:
The phase differential of first group of parallel baseline can be expressed as:
The phase differential of second group of parallel baseline can be expressed as:
Wherein
Be the phase difference measurement value,
Be fuzzy number,
It is the angle of two groups of parallel baselines.
For first group of baseline, ideally have:
Put in order:
(15)
As seen
Linear, wherein
It is all known,
,
Be the incoming signal wavelength.By formula (15) can with
Corresponding
, because the impact of noise,
May be not integer, do following processing:
Got by formula (16)
Right
, in like manner can get
Right
, therefore can obtain
Group
Or
Combination.Utilize formula (12) second formulas and formula (13) second formulas to estimate
The direction cosine of group incoming signal will
Direction cosine substitution formula (11) is obtained
Group
The longest baseline phase differential of root
, wherein
, and
Be integer.Wherein have and only have one group of phase differential vector with
The longest baseline phase differential of root
Differ
The relation of integral multiple, for finding out this group phase differential vector, we will
With
Do suc as formula the related operation shown in (4), select so that formula (4) when maximum corresponding phase differential vector be the estimation of notional phase difference vector
Will
Substitution formula (5) is separated
Root is phase differential fuzzy of long baseline, obtains fuzzy number vector
, with the fuzzy number substitution:
Thereby obtain
Root the longest baseline without the Fuzzy Phase difference vector
Utilize formula (7) to obtain the least-squares estimation of direction cosine
, utilize formula (8) thus calculate the position angle and the estimation of the angle of pitch
Thereby, finished the estimation of incoming signal position angle and the angle of pitch.
The below illustrates concrete effect of the present invention: adopt a kind of circle battle array phase-interferometer two dimension direction-finding method based on parallel baseline provided by the invention, at first be to choose that two groups of parallel baselines carry out rough measure in the uniform circular array, find out and separate all phase ambiguities of the longest baseline after the fuzzy number, then utilize the phase differential vector of the longest baseline behind the ambiguity solution by the estimation of least square method travel direction cosine, and then obtain the estimation of position angle and the angle of pitch.
Consider 9 yuan of uniform circular arrays, choose 81,72 with 67,40 liang the group parallel baselines, the angle of two groups of parallel baselines is
Be 50 meters at the array radius, signal source is simple signal, and signal incident direction is
, the ratio (baseline wavelength ratio) of the longest base length and wavelength changes to 13 from 0.5, and signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is respectively in the situation of 10dB, 20dB, 30dB has carried out emulation experiment, wherein carries out Monte Carlo Experiment 1000 times under each baseline wavelength ratio.Fig. 4 with Figure 5 shows that different signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio)s under the curve that changes with the baseline wavelength ratio of direction cosine estimated value and carat Metro lower limit.Fig. 6 is under the different signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio)s with Fig. 7, the curve that the direction finding standard deviation changes with the baseline wavelength ratio.Can be seen by Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, under the different signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio)s of choosing and baseline wavelength ratio, the estimation of the direction cosine of method provided by the present invention approaches a carat Metro lower limit, thereby guaranteed the precision that incoming signal position angle and the angle of pitch are estimated, as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7, when the baseline wavelength ratio greater than 1 the time, the angle measurement error of position angle and the angle of pitch can guarantee in 1 °.
The algorithm that the present invention proposes is not only applicable to the uniform circular array of interferometer direction finding system practical application, is applicable to too other planar arraies.Only need to find out two groups of parallel baselines in other planar arraies and get final product, antenna is structured the formation does not have special requirement.
The present invention expands to any new feature or any combination that discloses in this manual, and the either method that discloses or step or any combination of process.
Claims (4)
1. circle battle array phase-interferometer two dimension direction-finding method based on parallel baseline, described method specifically comprises following steps:
The first step: choose two groups of parallel baselines in the planar array
With
, base length is respectively
, and
, the angle between two groups of parallel baselines is
Second step: the phase differential that calculates first group of parallel baseline
Phase differential with second group of parallel baseline
, and calculate
Root is the phase differential of long baseline
Vector, wherein
Be element number of array;
The 3rd step: the phase differential that utilizes second step to obtain
With
, calculate two groups of fuzzy numbers that parallel baseline is possible
,
,
,
:
The 4th step: go on foot the fuzzy number that obtains by the 3rd
,
,
,
, calculate respectively the direction cosine that N organizes possible incoming signal, wherein
The 5th step: obtain according to the 4th step
The direction cosine of group incoming signal calculate
Group
The longest baseline phase differential vector of root
The 6th step: the 5th step was obtained
Group
The longest baseline phase differential vector of root
With the actual measurement
Root is the phase differential vector of long baseline
Carry out related calculation and select related coefficient when maximum corresponding phase differential vector be designated as
The 7th step: vectorial according to the phase differential that the 6th step obtained
Obtain
Root is the fuzzy number vector of long baseline
The 8th step: the fuzzy number vector that obtains with the 7th step obtains without fuzzy phase differential vector
The 9th step: find the solution the least square solution of direction cosine by the fuzzy phase differential vector of the nothing calculated, calculate the estimation of incoming signal direction cosine;
The tenth step: utilize the 9th to go on foot the estimation computer azimuth angle of the direction cosine that obtain and the estimation of the angle of pitch.
2. the circle battle array phase-interferometer two dimension direction-finding method based on parallel baseline as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described planar array is uniform circular array.
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CN102798839B (en) * | 2012-09-13 | 2013-12-11 | 广州新软计算机技术有限公司 | Device for positioning active to-be-measured-object in real time by using synchronous antenna arrays |
CN103235281B (en) * | 2013-04-03 | 2015-01-21 | 电子科技大学 | Correlation interferometer direction-finding method based on phase difference increment |
CN104122527B (en) * | 2014-07-14 | 2016-08-17 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | A kind of round battle array phase-interferometer broadband based on look-up table instantaneous direction finding method |
CN104749555B (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2017-05-03 | 中国航天科技集团公司第五研究院第五一三研究所 | Phase difference direction finding and spatial spectrum direction finding combined direction-finding positioning system |
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CN108872933B (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2022-02-08 | 电子科技大学 | Single-station blind interferometer positioning method |
CN109376422B (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2023-06-06 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十六研究所 | Uniform circular array optimal design evaluation method and device |
CN110007267B (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2020-08-18 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Uniform circular array interferometer direction finding ambiguity resolving method based on mixed base line |
CN109633526B (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2020-09-01 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Direction finding ambiguity resolving method of non-uniform circular array phase interferometer based on direction function |
CN109814064B (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2023-04-14 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十六研究所 | Direction finding method and device based on three-array-element L-shaped rectangular array interferometer |
CN112433192A (en) * | 2020-11-05 | 2021-03-02 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 | Low-cost high-precision direction-finding method for non-fixed-frequency pulse signal |
CN114355280B (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2022-05-17 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 | Multi-sensor composite array antenna arraying and multi-information fusion sorting angle measuring method |
CN117075035B (en) * | 2023-08-15 | 2024-04-30 | 湖南红船科技有限公司 | Spin short baseline high-precision direction finding method, system, equipment, medium and terminal |
CN117110980B (en) * | 2023-10-23 | 2024-01-12 | 中国航天科工集团八五一一研究所 | FPGA-based self-adaptive monopulse direction finding method |
CN117347945B (en) * | 2023-12-04 | 2024-03-22 | 中国航天科工集团八五一一研究所 | Interferometer system direction finding method based on antenna array three-dimensional layout |
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CN101109798B (en) * | 2007-07-06 | 2011-04-20 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Direction finding method of accurate direction finding device for P/L waveband radiation source |
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US7961147B1 (en) * | 2008-07-25 | 2011-06-14 | Rockwell Collins, Inc. | Long baseline phase interferometer ambiguity resolution using frequency differences |
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