CN102416411A - Manufacturing method of directly cold-drawn spring steel wire with excellent fatigue performance - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of directly cold-drawn spring steel wire with excellent fatigue performance Download PDFInfo
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- CN102416411A CN102416411A CN2011103536708A CN201110353670A CN102416411A CN 102416411 A CN102416411 A CN 102416411A CN 2011103536708 A CN2011103536708 A CN 2011103536708A CN 201110353670 A CN201110353670 A CN 201110353670A CN 102416411 A CN102416411 A CN 102416411A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a manufacturing method of a directly cold-drawn spring steel wire with an excellent fatigue performance. In the method, the spring steel wire is obtained through heating twice for formation and a three-step controlled cooling process, and a large square continuous cast blank is obtained via an electric arc furnace (EAF), a low-frequency (LF) refining furnace and vapor density (VD) treatment and is subject to heat transfer, heating, blank opening with a 950 mill, reheating, controlled rolling and spinning. In the three-step controlled cooling process, the wire is cooled rapidly at an average cooling speed of 4-6 DEG C per second on the temperature section from spinning to arrival at a continuous annealing production line, is cooled slowly at an average cooling speed of 0.3-1.0 DEG C per second on the temperature section from the arrival at the continuous annealing production line to departure from the continuous annealing production line, and is then naturally cooled to the room temperature with air as a cooling medium after the departure from the continuous annealing production line, and thus the finished spring steel wire can be obtained. The spring steel wire not only has high plasticity, toughness and strength and excellent fatigue performance, but also has an excellent cold-drawing performance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to steel alloy and manufacturing process field thereof, it is good and have an excellent directly manufacturing approach of the silicochromium spring steel wire of cold drawing performance to relate to a kind of fatigue behaviour.
Background technology
In recent years, along with the fast development of Chinese Automobile Industry ', market is increasing to the demand of spring steel, according to statistics the prediction, 2010 domestic will be to spring steel supply and demand amount more than 1,500,000 tons.Important spare part valve spring, shock mitigation system bearing spring and the clutch springs etc. of automobile engine all need on as the hot rolling spring steel wire rod of raw material, directly to carry out cold drawing processing; Therefore, the hot rolling wire that has superplasticity, high strength, an excellent cold drawing performance to improve wire drawing speed, reduce the wire drawing passage, cut down the consumption of energy, enhancing productivity has remarkable effect.
When traditional handicraft is produced the spring steel hot rolling wire, do not add control owing to rolling with process for cooling, cause rolling back wire rod tensile strength and be lower than 900MPa, the contraction percentage of area only has 10%-20%, and microscopic structure is generally thick pearlite and bulk ferrite.Above-mentioned hot rolling spring steel wire rod plasticity extreme difference generally can not directly carry out cold drawing processing, must annealedly just can reach the requirement of cold working desired properties; Therefore; The technology cost is high during spring steel wire cold drawing that traditional handicraft is produced, and efficient is low, and environmental pollution is serious.
Present stage; Because improving constantly of fast mill wire rod production line equipment level, nearly all hot rolling spring steel wire production are all adopted controlled rolling and control process for cooling, this not only can improve the quality of wire product; Can also cut down the consumption of energy and pollute, improved production efficiency greatly.A large amount of research report, the relative amount of type and the quantity of total oxygen content and non-metallic inclusion in the control steel, the formation that suppressed cold bainite and martensitic structure, reduction free ferrite and pearlite pelletizing size and on average the matched well etc. of sheet interlayer spacing can improve the direct cold drawing performance of hot rolling spring steel wire rod.Chinese patent ZL200410085340.3 has reported the preparation method of spring steel 55CrSi, and a pyrogene that adopts electric furnace smelting, LF refining, the VD degassing, continuous casting, high speed wire rolling is prepared, does not have a special requirement for high line traffic control is cold.Chinese patent 200810174566.0 adopts refining process to add the method for Li compound, improves the plastic behavior of field trash, thereby improves the fatigue behaviour of spring steel.Yu Guosong etc. adopt the 100t ultra high power direct current electric arc furnace-100t LF refining furnace-little square billet alloy steel continuous casting of 100t VD degasification furnace-six machine six stream R9 rice machine .150 mm * 150 mm continuous casting billet reconditionings-rolling≤in 20 mm wire rod-pyrogene material technology; Successfully developed the car suspension spring with 55CrSiA (special steel; 2010,31 (3)).Wang Xiaofeng, Chen Weiqing etc. have reported the CCT curve of 55SiCr spring steel, and (cooldown rate is to the phase-change organization of spring steel 55SiCr and the influence of microhardness; The Shanghai metal, 2010, No. 6; 13 ~ 15), think the control cold process cooldown rate can control 3 ~ 5 ° of C/s.Xiao Jinfu, Liu Yazheng etc. have carried out studying (Xiao Jinfu, Liu Yazheng, Zhang Chaolei, Jiang Chao, metal heat treatmet, 2010, No.12,94 ~ 97) to 55SiCr decarburization behavior, find that 750 ~ 850 ° of C decarburizations are serious in the temperature-rise period, but do not provide concrete control measure.The result of study of people's such as Cao Anran result of study and Xiao Jinfu Liu Ya political affairs etc. consistent (Cao Anran, Li Yufang, Wang Jian, Han Maodong, spring steel 55SiCr oxidation and decarburization characteristics research, metal heat treatmet, 2010, No.9,51 ~ 55).Generally, the smelting of spring steel 55SiCr and rolling technique have carried out certain research, but still have certain gap in the production preparation of the good direct cold drawing spring steel 55SiCr wire rod of fatigue behaviour.
Summary of the invention
Problem to present 55SiCr spring steel wire existence; The object of the invention provides the manufacturing approach of the good direct cold drawing spring steel wire of a kind of fatigue behaviour, and the spring steel wire that this method obtains has excellent cold drawing performance when high-plasticity, high strength, fatigue behaviour are good.
The present invention seeks to realize through following technical scheme:
The manufacturing approach of the direct cold drawing spring steel wire that a kind of fatigue behaviour is good is characterized in that: this method adopts two pyrogene materials and syllogic cooling control technology to obtain spring steel wire, and specific requirement is following:
1) adopt EAF electric arc furnaces, LF refining furnace, VD to handle, obtain generous continuous casting billet, wherein continuous casting billet contains C:0.51-0.59% by weight percentage; Si:1.20-1.60%; Mn:0.50-0.80%; Cr:0.50-0.80%; Below the P:0.025% and greater than 0%; Below the S:0.025% and greater than 0%; Below the O:0.0012% and greater than 0%; Below the Als:0.01% and greater than 0%, said Als is that aluminium is dissolved in acid, and surplus is by iron and unavoidable impurities;
The generous continuous casting billet that 2) will obtain through overheatedly send, heat, 950 milling train coggings, obtain the cogging material; With the cogging material through heating, controlled rolling again, weave silk, obtain wire rod; Wherein, can pass through ball blast, magnetic powder inspection, blank reconditioning processing before the cogging material heats again;
3) wire rod that obtains is adopted the syllogic cooling control technology:
(1) wire rod is from weaving silk to getting into the continuous annealing production line temperature section with the average cooling rate of 4-6 ℃/s soon but, and getting into the continuous annealing production line temperature range is 690-710 ℃;
(2) wire rod is from getting into continuous annealing production line to leaving the average cooling rate slow cooling of continuous annealing production line temperature section with 0.3-1.0 ℃/s, and leaving the continuous annealing production line temperature range is 610-590 ℃;
(3) wire rod utilizes air to naturally cool to room temperature as cooling medium after leaving continuous annealing production line, obtains the spring steel wire finished product.This spring steel wire finished product has superplasticity, high strength, excellent directly cold drawing performance.
Technological process of the present invention is: and EAF electric arc furnaces → LF refining furnace → VD processing → bloom continuous casting → heat send → heats → and 950 milling train cogging → ball blasts → magnetic powder inspection → blank reconditioning → heating → controlled rolling → root that rubs subtracts fixed diameter rolling → cold (syllogic) → check → collection volume → haircut tail → volume of packing → measure → list → unload of weaving silk → control → packing warehouse-in.
Adopt two pyrogene materials can guarantee enough compression ratios among the present invention.The hot-rolled process of wire rod adopts cooling controlling and rolling controlling process, according to the roller table speeds of the different control of hot rolling wire size continuous annealing production line transporter at 0.15-0.45m/s; Wire rod is from weaving silk to getting into the continuous annealing production line temperature section with the average cooling rate of 4-6 ℃/s soon but, and preferably getting into the continuous annealing production line temperature range is 690-710 ℃; Wire rod is from getting into continuous annealing production line to leaving the average cooling rate slow cooling of continuous annealing production line temperature section with 0.3-1.0 ℃/s, and preferably leaving the continuous annealing production line temperature range is 610-590 ℃; Wire rod utilizes air to naturally cool to room temperature as cooling medium after leaving continuous annealing production line.
Specify as follows:
The main purpose of two pyrogene material technologies is to utilize big compression ratio to promote grain refinement and field trash distortion, and thermal deformation repeatedly and recrystallization process can refine austenite crystal grain.The purpose of crystal grain thinning is to reduce because the original austenite grains alligatoring that causes of continuous casting billet heating process, thereby for obtaining the shred lamellar pearlite during austenite phase transformation after the finish to gauge and the little ferrite tissue lays the foundation.
Three stage cooling systems are carried out in the control cooling; That is: back to the pearlitic transformation of weaving silk is cold soon with suitable cooling rate before beginning, and purpose is to avoid the further decarburization of hot rolling wire surface, suppresses ferrite simultaneously and generates in a large number; Increase the phase transformation degree of supercooling, for pearlitic transformation is prepared; Suitable slow cooling speed is selected in the perlitic transformation district, guarantees on continuous annealing production line, to realize that sorbite changes; Phase III is after wire rod leaves continuous annealing production line, utilizes the natural cooling stage of air as cooling medium.
The present invention adopts two pyrogene materials, cooling controlling and rolling controlling process production; The abundant refinement of hot rolling wire crystal grain; Roll back control cooling and obtain a large amount of shred stratiforms, equally distributed sorbite and minute quantity free ferrite tissue, hot rolling wire tensile strength (Rm) 1000MPa-1150MPa, the contraction percentage of area (Z) 50%-58%.Plasticity and toughness fully improve, and hot rolling wire can improve production efficiency significantly without the direct cold drawing of annealing, has prolonged the service life of drawing mould simultaneously.And two pyrogene material technologies are out of shape through big compression ratio thinning microstructure, promotion field trash, thereby improve the fatigue behaviour of spring steel.
The present invention adopts two pyrogene materials and control process for cooling; Can effectively control field trash width, microscopic structure and the top layer decarburization of hot rolling spring steel wire rod; Produce have high-plasticity, the spring steel wire of the direct cold drawing performance of excelling in fatigue property; More than 1000MPa, the contraction percentage of area is all more than 50% mostly for the tensile strength of wire rod, and microstructure is the sorbite tissue more than a spot of free ferrite and 85%.
The spring steel wire that the present invention obtains has excellent cold drawing performance when high-plasticity, high strength, fatigue behaviour are good; Hot rolling wire has reduced the intermediate annealing process without directly cold drawing of annealing, invest little, energy consumption is low, remarkable in economical benefits raising.
The spring steel wire that the present invention obtains is specially adapted to make automobile shock system bearing spring, engine valve spring and clutch spring etc.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is embodiment 1 skin decarburization layer metallograph (* 100) figure.
Fig. 2 is embodiment 1 metallographic structure photo (* 500) figure.
Fig. 3 is embodiment 1 microstructure low power SEM pattern (* 5000) figure.
Fig. 4 is embodiment 1 microstructure high power SEM pattern (* 20000) figure.
The specific embodiment
The manufacturing approach of the direct cold drawing spring steel wire that a kind of fatigue behaviour is good has been produced the silicochromium spring steel wire of two kinds of different size specifications according to chemical composition that relates among the present invention and controlled rolling with the control process for cooling.Specific requirement is following:
Embodiment 1:
The size hot-rolled spring steel wire of Φ 5.5mm, its chemical composition by weight percentage, contains C:0.54%; Si:1.46%; Mn:0.69%; Cr:0.69%; P:0.007%; S:0.008%; O:0.001%; Als:0.005%; Surplus is made up of iron and unavoidable impurities.
Its smelting and rolling mill practice:
Converter/electric furnace smelting tapping temperature>=1600 ℃, P≤0.015%, C>=0.15%, tapping adds silicomanganese and ferrosilicon deoxidation; LF refining adding silicomanganese, ferrosilicon, high carbon ferro-chrome carry out alloying; The VD application of vacuum keeps more than 15 minutes under high vacuum 0.5 torr; 1008 ℃ of breaking down start rolling temperatures, final rolling temperature is 950 ℃ in advance, 900 ℃ of final rolling temperatures, 837 ℃ of laying temperatures; Get into 701 ℃ of continuous annealing production line temperature, fast 5.2 ℃/s of cold section average cooling rate leaves 605 ℃ of continuous annealing production line temperature, 0.42 ℃/s of the average cooling rate in slow cooling section.
Assay:
Tensile strength (Rm) 1020-1110MPa, elongation after fracture (A) 14%-17%, the contraction percentage of area (Z) 56.7%.
Pull-out test:
Hot rolling wire is through overpickling, yellow, and directly wire drawing on wire drawing machine after the drying, drawing process is:
Φ5.5→Φ4.7→Φ4.3→Φ3.8→Φ3.4（mm）
Direct cold drawing five passages, every time draft about 20%, total draft 62%, drawing process does not have broken string.
Fatigue test
On rotary bending tester, carry out, can reach fatigue life 1,000,000 times.
Fig. 1 is embodiment 1 skin decarburization layer metallograph (* 100) figure.Fig. 2 is embodiment 1 metallographic structure photo (* 500) figure.Fig. 3 is embodiment 1 microstructure low power SEM pattern (* 5000) figure.Fig. 4 is embodiment 1 microstructure high power SEM pattern (* 20000) figure.
Embodiment 2
The size hot-rolled spring steel wire of Φ 13.0mm, its chemical composition by weight percentage, contains C:0.55%; Si:1.44%; Mn:0.70%; Cr:0.68%; P:0.009%; S:0.007%; O:0.001%; Als:0.006%; Surplus is made up of iron and unavoidable impurities.
Its smelting and rolling mill practice:
Converter/electric furnace smelting tapping temperature>=1600 ℃, P≤0.015%, C>=0.15%, tapping adds silicomanganese and ferrosilicon deoxidation; LF refining adding silicomanganese, ferrosilicon, high carbon ferro-chrome carry out alloying; The VD application of vacuum keeps more than 15 minutes under high vacuum 0.5 torr; 1018 ℃ of breaking down start rolling temperatures, final rolling temperature is 955 ℃ in advance, 910 ℃ of final rolling temperatures, 846 ℃ of laying temperatures; Get into 710 ℃ of continuous annealing production line temperature, fast 4.5 ℃/s of cold section average cooling rate leaves 592 ℃ of continuous annealing production line temperature, 0.68 ℃/s of the average cooling rate in slow cooling section.
Tensile testing:
Tensile strength (Rm) 1036-1150MPa, elongation after fracture 14%-16%, contraction percentage of area 46-50%.
Pull-out test:
Hot rolling wire is through overpickling, yellow, and directly wire drawing on wire drawing machine after the drying, drawing process is:
Φ13.0→Φ11.5→Φ10.3→Φ9.3→Φ8.5（mm）
Direct cold drawing four-pass, every time draft about 16%, total draft 57%, drawing process does not have broken string.
Fatigue test
On rotary bending tester, carry out, can reach fatigue life 1,050,000 times.
Claims (2)
1. the manufacturing approach of the good direct cold drawing spring steel wire of a fatigue behaviour, it is characterized in that: this method adopts two pyrogene materials and syllogic cooling control technology to obtain spring steel wire, and specific requirement is following:
1) adopt EAF electric arc furnaces, LF refining furnace, VD to handle, obtain generous continuous casting billet, wherein continuous casting billet contains C:0.51-0.59% by weight percentage; Si:1.20-1.60%; Mn:0.50-0.80%; Cr:0.50-0.80%; Below the P:0.025% and greater than 0%; Below the S:0.025% and greater than 0%; Below the O:0.0012% and greater than 0%; Als:0.01% is following and greater than 0%, surplus is by iron and unavoidable impurities;
The generous continuous casting billet that 2) will obtain through overheatedly send, heat, 950 milling train coggings, obtain the cogging material; With the cogging material through heating, controlled rolling again, weave silk, obtain wire rod;
3) wire rod that obtains is adopted the syllogic cooling control technology:
(1) wire rod is from weaving silk to getting into the continuous annealing production line temperature section with the average cooling rate of 4-6 ℃/s soon but, and getting into the continuous annealing production line temperature range is 690-710 ℃;
(2) wire rod is from getting into continuous annealing production line to leaving the average cooling rate slow cooling of continuous annealing production line temperature section with 0.3-1.0 ℃/s, and leaving the continuous annealing production line temperature range is 610-590 ℃;
(3) wire rod utilizes air to naturally cool to room temperature as cooling medium after leaving continuous annealing production line, obtains the spring steel wire finished product.
2. the manufacturing approach of the direct cold drawing spring steel wire that fatigue behaviour according to claim 1 is good is characterized in that: step 2) in, before heating again, handles in the cogging material through ball blast, magnetic powder inspection, blank reconditioning.
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| CN103510020A (en) * | 2012-06-20 | 2014-01-15 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Spring steel wire rod and its inclusion control method |
| CN105121680A (en) * | 2013-04-23 | 2015-12-02 | 新日铁住金株式会社 | Spring steel having excellent fatigue characteristics and process for manufacturing same |
| CN106319328A (en) * | 2015-06-16 | 2017-01-11 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | High-carbon steel wire rod inclusion control method |
| CN106734261A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-05-31 | 中天钢铁集团有限公司 | A kind of cold technique of Stanermo wind-cooling linear control for improving spring steel 55SiCrA wire rods tissue and performance |
| CN107747060A (en) * | 2017-11-12 | 2018-03-02 | 湖南华菱湘潭钢铁有限公司 | The production method of high intensity high fatigue life spring steel |
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| CN103510020A (en) * | 2012-06-20 | 2014-01-15 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Spring steel wire rod and its inclusion control method |
| CN105121680A (en) * | 2013-04-23 | 2015-12-02 | 新日铁住金株式会社 | Spring steel having excellent fatigue characteristics and process for manufacturing same |
| US10350676B2 (en) | 2013-04-23 | 2019-07-16 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Spring steel with excellent fatigue resistance and method of manufacturing the same |
| CN106319328A (en) * | 2015-06-16 | 2017-01-11 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | High-carbon steel wire rod inclusion control method |
| CN106734261A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-05-31 | 中天钢铁集团有限公司 | A kind of cold technique of Stanermo wind-cooling linear control for improving spring steel 55SiCrA wire rods tissue and performance |
| CN107747060A (en) * | 2017-11-12 | 2018-03-02 | 湖南华菱湘潭钢铁有限公司 | The production method of high intensity high fatigue life spring steel |
| CN108220527A (en) * | 2018-01-05 | 2018-06-29 | 东台市恒泰特钢厂 | A kind of special steel production system and the method by its production special steel |
| CN108179355A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-06-19 | 中钢集团郑州金属制品研究院有限公司 | A kind of high-intensity and high-tenacity spring steel wire and its preparation process |
| CN109487162A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-03-19 | 邢台钢铁有限责任公司 | A kind of overweight loading die springs spring steel gren rod and its production method |
| CN115537671A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2022-12-30 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Preparation method of valve spring steel |
| CN115537671B (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2023-09-12 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Preparation method of valve spring steel |
| CN115055531A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-09-16 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Production method of automobile suspension spring with defect-free surface |
| CN115055531B (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2024-04-16 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Production method of surface non-defective automobile suspension spring |
| CN115074488A (en) * | 2022-07-18 | 2022-09-20 | 江苏顺得利金属有限公司 | Antirust and corrosion-resistant spoke and processing method thereof |
| CN115074488B (en) * | 2022-07-18 | 2023-12-15 | 江苏顺得利金属有限公司 | Rust-proof and corrosion-resistant spoke and processing method thereof |
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