CN102411538B - Method for restoring test script of graphical user interface based on event reachability mode - Google Patents
Method for restoring test script of graphical user interface based on event reachability mode Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for restoring a test script of a graphical user interface based on an event reachability mode, which is carried out by the following steps of: acquiring the event sequence reachability relations of the control elements of the to-be-tested new version GUI (Graphical User Interface); generating modes for describing the GUI structure and the GUI control event calling reachability relations; analyzing the existing test script to acquire the GUI test operating sequence of the original test script; then dividing the GUI test operation into a key operation and a noncritical operation; remaining the test logic of the original test script by remaining the key operation; searching path in the event reachability mode; inserting the corresponding bonding operation among the key operations to normally playback the restored test script on the new version of GUI; and finishing the restoration of the test script. The method disclosed by the invention can restore invalid test scripts, guarantee the original test logic of test case, reduce burden of test staffs and solve the problem of invalid GUI script in regression tests.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to software test field, especially for regression test technology and the whole process automatic test of graphic user interface gui program, study, the model recovery technique of employing based on library of object and event accessibility, being a kind of test case recovery technique, is a kind of graphic user interface test script restorative procedure based on event accessibility model.
Background technology
Graphic user interface test in industry member now, i.e. GUI test, often based on recording/replaying instrument, is manually recorded GUI test script, and at test phase by the playback automatically on GUI of GUI script.On market, there is business or the increase income GUI automatic test software of some moneys based on recording/replaying.Such as the QuickTest Professional (QTP) of Hewlett-Packard (HP), the Rational Functional Tester (RFT) of International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) and the GUI automated test frame WatiN etc. that increases income.The QTP reliable product quality of Hewlett-Packard wherein, market is widely used, and has been actual industrywide standard.
This GUI test based on recording/replaying technology is often applied to regression test.Yet in software development process, the modification of GUI, lost efficacy even less modification tends to cause a large amount of original GUI test scripts.GUI script failures problem has limited the widespread use of GUI automatic test largely.GUI test case recovery technique is intended to address this problem, and this technology is according to the change information of GUI, attempts test case to repair, make test case through repairing can be on the GUI of redaction normal playback.The method can be repaired the test case of inefficacy, contributes to keep the coverage rate of original test use cases.
Initial GUI test case recovery technique adopts and by the mode of repairing manually, GUI test case is repaired completely.Test Engineer analyzes the change information of new and old edition GUI, and revises the correlative of failure testing use-case, make test script through revising can be on redaction GUI normal playback.The artificial success ratio of repairing is very high, and often can be good at retaining original test logic through the test case of repairing.But artificial remediation efficiency is lower, consumes a large amount of human costs.
Software model is the abstractdesription to software action and software configuration, in GUI test case recovery technique, can describe the mode of the change information between GUI information and new and old edition GUI by setting up GUI structural model, instructs the reparation of GUI test case.GUI test case recovery technique based on test model can be to a certain extent for the robotization reparation of GUI test case.Some test case recovery techniques based on model had been proposed in academic research in recent years.The automatic fix tool of fix tool as auxiliary in the GUI test script based on GUI model and the test model based on EFG model.But these instruments exist certain deficiency, the GUI test script based on GUI model assists fix tool to advise for Test Engineer has proposed to repair, but does not complete the robotization reparation of GUI test case; Although the test test case fix tool based on EFG model has completed robotization reparation, repair process may change the original test logic of test case.
In sum; GUI test case recovery technique based on model; by adopting the GUI information described in analytical model and the mode of new and old edition GUI change information, instruct or complete the reparation of GUI test script, make test script after repairing can be on redaction GUI normal playback.But there is the deficiency of can not robotization repairing in the GUI test case recovery technique based on model proposing at present.
Summary of the invention
The problem to be solved in the present invention is: in the regression test of GUI, need to repair the GUI test case losing efficacy, existing GUI test case recovery technique can not guarantee the original test logic of test case when realizing automatic reparation, needs a kind of test script restorative procedure that can realize robotization reparation and possess original test logic.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: the graphic user interface test script restorative procedure based on event accessibility model, obtain the control element of redaction graphic user interface GUI to be measured and the event reachability relation between control element, generate the GUI control event accessibility model of describing GUI control event accessibility relation; Legacy version test script is dissected, obtain the GUI test operation sequence of legacy version test script, then the test operation comprising in described GUI test operation sequence is categorized as to key operation and non-key operation, by retaining the mode of key operation, retains the test logic of legacy version test script; By searching route in GUI control event accessibility model, between key operation, insert bonding operation, make new test script normal playback on redaction GUI of obtaining through bonding operation, complete the reparation of test script,
Wherein, judgement for key operation and non-key operation, by investigating this operation, the mode of the impact of redaction GUI structure to be measured is judged to the type of this operation, if operation is carried out the structure of rear redaction GUI to be measured and is not changed, think that this control is key operation, otherwise be non-key operation.
Specifically comprise the following steps:
1), generate the event accessibility model of new edition GUI to be measured:
1.1), by the graphic user interface learning tool of GUI automatic test software, generate the library of object of new edition GUI to be measured;
1.2), basis manually generates or control type and control-window call relation list information of automatic acquisition, generates the event accessibility model of GUI to be measured in conjunction with library of object;
2) judge whether legacy version test script lost efficacy, lost efficacy and repair:
2.1) utilize artificial generate or the control ID corresponding relation of automatic acquisition or new and old edition GUI control mapping table in the control corresponding relation described, the GUI cycling of elements of legacy version test script GUI test operation sequence is become to the element of redaction GUI;
2.2) whether related control and the control sequence of the sequence of operation detecting after conversion there is corresponding point and limit at event accessibility model, judge whether legacy version test script lost efficacy, if detect related control and control sequence, in event accessibility model, all there is corresponding point and corresponding limit, effective, otherwise, lost efficacy;
3) to step 2) in the test script that detect to lose efficacy repair:
3.1) legacy version test script is changed into GUI test operation sequence;
3.2) extract the key operation of GUI test operation sequence;
3.3) key operation of legacy version test script is changed into can playback on redaction GUI key operation: the method that adopts ID mapping or shine upon by inquiry new and old edition GUI control mapping table, is mapped as the key operation of legacy version test script the operation of redaction;
3.4) between the key operation after conversion, insert bonding operation;
3.5) generate the new test script of GUI that is applicable to redaction, complete reparation.
Step 1.2) specific as follows:
1.2.1), for the GUI control element in library of object, by analysis component type, determine the relation of this control element and other control element of this window;
1.2.2), for the GUI control element in library of object, by analysis component-window calling graph relation, determine the relation between control element under this control element and other windows;
1.2.3) according to step 1.2.1) and 1.2.2) in Information generation event accessibility model, concrete steps are as follows: if simple controls, the GUI control element that there is no structural information, this control and other simple controls, and the top layer control of structure control is event reachability relation; If structure control, the top layer control of this control and simple controls and other structure controls is event reachability relation, and and the next stage control of this structure control hierarchical structure be event reachability relation; If the intergrade control of structure control hierarchical structure, this control and the next stage control of this layer of structure are, the top layer control of same one-level control, simple controls and other structure controls of the upper level control of this structure control layer of structure, this structure control layer of structure is event reachability relation.
Step 3.4) bonding operation is: the node of determining control correspondence in event accessibility model that two adjacent key operations relate to; utilize path finding algorithm to find the path between two controls; the i.e. clicking operation of the needs between two controls; and these operations are inserted between corresponding two adjacent key operations, make key operation sequence normal playback on redaction GUI.
Described control type and control-window call relation list information, and new and old edition GUI control mapping table is obtained by the mode of artificial generation or automatic acquisition, wherein, control type and control-window call relation list information are determined or are taked the mode automatic acquisition of GUI reverse-engineering by artificial mode; New and old edition GUI control mapping table, by manually generating, if the management of the gui version of software under testing has adopted the mode of GUI control ID management, can generate by the id information of version management GUI control new and old edition GUI control mapping table automatically.
As a rule, a GUI test script can be regarded the GUI sequence of operation as.In GUI script recording process, testing tool records Test Engineer's operation, as mouse is clicked, and keyboard input etc., and the form with the GUI sequence of operation is recorded in GUI test script by these operations.These operations have relates to service logic, and what have does not relate to service logic.The present invention has defined the concept of key operation and non-key operation and has distinguished two kinds of dissimilar GUI operations.Key operation refers to the operation that relates to service logic, for example, in specific text box, input user name, clicks Button Login and carry out user's login etc. in login window; Non-key operation refers to the operation that does not relate to service logic, and non-key operation tends to change the structure of current gui interface, thereby changes the accessibility of some GUI controls, for example, click File menu, closes current window etc.In restorative procedure of the present invention, by retaining the mode of key operation, keep test logic.
Event accessibility model is the Directed Graph Model of describing GUI structure.Node in digraph is the click event of GUI control, and the limit of digraph represents that the corresponding event of two nodes that connect when front exists event reachability relation.If there is event reachability relation in two events, be illustrated under specific state, can immediately carry out another event after executing first event, in event accessibility model, between the corresponding point of these two events, there is a directed edge.
The built-in library of object (object repository) of GUI automatic test software means the forest model of GUI structure.This structure storage GUI control information, in order to instruct the identification to GUI control in script recording process and replayed section.The top mode of this structure is GUI window, and the child node of each node represents the element comprising in this node.For example the child node of window node may be the control that this window comprises, and the child node that menu nodes comprises may be the menu item of this menu.The forest model that library of object adopts can be good at representing the hierarchical structure characteristic of GUI.Current popular GUI automatic test software, as QTP, RFT etc. are built-in corresponding library of object structure, for identifying and record the structure of GUI to be measured.GUI automatic test software is also built-in corresponding interface learning tool, helps Test Engineer to set up and service object library structure.
In the methods of the invention, by library of object, generating event accessibility model is a part and parcel.Library of object has well been explained GUI structure.And in practice, the library of object that the graphic user interface learning tool of use GUI automatic test software produces is comparatively accurate, and the accuracy rate of control identification is very high.But in library of object, do not record the dynamic relationship between control and control, event reachability relation for example, does not distinguish the information of crucial control and non-key control yet.The present invention is by the secondary learning art of gui interface.In original library of object, increase control multidate information.And in conjunction with library of object hyperplasia, become event accessibility model according to these information, for script repair afterwards.
The present invention proposes key operation and non-key operating concept, and as the important means of identifying and retain original GUI test script test logic, the library of object that GUI automatic test software is provided is expanded into event accessibility model; Use case accessibility model description GUI change information and GUI structural information, and under the guidance of these information, complete the automatic reparation of QTP model; Test case after reparation can be on redaction gui software normal playback, keep original test logic simultaneously.The present invention repairs the test script losing efficacy, and guarantees the original test logic of test case, has alleviated tester's burden, has solved the problem of GUI script failures in regression test.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is schematic flow sheet of the present invention.
Embodiment
GUI test script robotization restorative procedure based on event accessibility model of the present invention, can be good at being integrated in GUI automated test frame now, in GUI test practice now, GUI automatic test is important in regression test, in regression test, because GUI control element changes, to cause test case Problem of Failure be the problem of a ubiquity and comparatively serious restriction GUI automatic test widespread use, and the present invention can comparatively effectively solve this ubiquitous industry member problem, the test script losing efficacy is repaired, there is good application prospect.
As Fig. 1, be schematic flow sheet of the present invention, comprise the following steps:
1), generate the test model stage:
1.1), by GUI automatic test software, the interface graphic user interface learning tool ORM (Object Repository Manager) that for example QTP (Quick Test Professional) carries, generates the library of object of GUI to be measured;
1.2), according to control type and control-window call relation list information, in conjunction with library of object, generate the event accessibility model of GUI to be measured;
2) judge whether failure stage of test script:
2.1) utilize the control corresponding relation of describing in control ID corresponding relation or new and old edition GUI control mapping table the GUI cycling of elements of old test script to be become to the element of redaction GUI;
2.2) sequence of operation after changing by detection to related control and control sequence to whether existing the mode on corresponding point and limit to judge whether test script lost efficacy at event accessibility model, if to all there is corresponding point and corresponding limit in event accessibility model in all controls and all controls, effective, otherwise, lost efficacy;
3) failure testing script is carried out to repairing phase:
3.1) legacy version test script is changed into GUI test operation sequence;
3.2) extract the key operation of GUI test operation sequence;
3.3) key operation of legacy version test script is changed into can playback on redaction GUI key operation;
3.4) insert bonding operation;
3.5) generate the GUI test script that is applicable to redaction.
Wherein, step 1.1) in, the graphical interfaces learning tool that adopts GUI testing software to provide, the Main Function of this instrument is to set up library of object for GUI, the automation modeling mode that this instrument adopts human assistance, set up library of object convenient and swift, and result is accurate, setting up library of object is prior art, no longer describes in detail.
Described control type and control-window call relation list information and new and old edition GUI control mapping table can be obtained by the mode of artificial generation or automatic acquisition.Wherein, control type and control-window call relation list information can be determined by artificial mode, also can take the mode automatic acquisition of GUI reverse-engineering; New and old edition GUI control mapping table can, by manually generating, if the management of the gui version of software under testing has adopted the mode of GUI control ID management, can generate by the id information of version management GUI control new and old edition GUI control mapping table automatically.
Step 1.2) generation event accessibility model is specific as follows:
1.2.1), for the GUI control element in library of object, by the type of analysis component element, simple controls element or structure control element, determine the relation of this control element and other control element of this window;
1.2.2), for the control element in library of object, by analysis component-window calling graph relation, determine the relation between control element under this control element and other windows;
1.2.3) generate event accessibility model:
If simple controls, there is no the GUI control of structural information, as text box, button etc., it is all event reachability relation that the top layer control of this control and other simple controls and structure control has.If structure control, as menu control, the top layer controls such as Tree control, the top layer control of this control and simple controls and other structure controls is event reachability relations so, and has event reachability relation with the next stage control of this structure control hierarchical structure; If the intergrade control of structure control hierarchical structure, the next stage control unit of this control and this layer of structure, the upper level control of this structure control layer of structure are, the top layer control of same one-level control, simple controls and other structure controls of this structure control layer of structure has event reachability relation so.
It should be noted that event accessibility model is Directed Graph Model.Control i has the representative of event reachability relation to control j, and in event accessibility model, control i exists a directed edge to control j, and whether control j exists directed edge uncertain to control i.
1.2.2) in, if control is present in control-window calling graph, this control is clicked in representative may open a new window, and in this control and new window, the top layer control of all simple controls and all structure controls has event reachability relation so.
Step 2.1), in, need to provide the mapping relations of new and old edition GUI control.Ideal situation is in GUI automatic test course, and Test Engineer has generated ID to GUI control, and the ID that each control has is unique, and the ID that identical control has in new and old edition GUI is identical.The corresponding relation of the identical control of new and old edition only needs to compare corresponding ID like this, but in engineering practice, Test Engineer has not necessarily applied ID way to manage to control, needs like this control mapping table of new and old edition to complete the correspondence work of identical control in new and old edition.
Step 3.2) for the judgement of key operation and non-key operation, the present invention adopts and the impact of GUI structure is carried out to the judgement of key operation by investigating this control, if a control does not change the structure of GUI, thinks that this control is key operation.This judges based on a hypothesis: the Test Engineer who records test script is experienced, and the operation in test script is refining, does not have unnecessary operation.Based on this hypothesis, in script, all operations are all significant, since an operation does not change GUI structure, this operation must relate to service logic so.
Step 3.3), in, the key operation of legacy version need to be changed into the operation of redaction, this step and 2.1) similar, adopt ID to judge or adopt and retrieve the operation that the method for control mapping table is redaction by the operation map of legacy version.
Step 3.4) object is in key operation, to insert corresponding bonding operation, and this test case can be moved in redaction.The present invention is in step 3.3) in produced the key operation sequence on redaction GUI, but owing to not necessarily can reaching between key operation, need in event accessibility model, find the reachable path between control.The node of control correspondence in event accessibility model that this method relates to by definite two key operations, utilizes path finding algorithm to find the path between two controls, the clicking operation needing between two controls.The key operation sequence of having inserted bonding operation can normally operation on redaction GUI.
In use, the present invention obtains the control element of redaction GUI to be measured and the sequence of events accessibility relation between control element, generates the model that description GUI structure and GUI control event are called accessibility relation; And existing test script is dissected, obtain the GUI test operation sequence of former test script; Then GUI test operation is categorized as to key operation and non-key operation; The mode that retains key operation by employing, retains the test logic of former test script; By adopting the method for searching route in event accessibility model, the test script after inserting corresponding bonding operation between key operation and making to repair can be on redaction GUI normal playback; Thereby complete the reparation of test script.The present invention repairs automatically to the test script losing efficacy, and guarantees the original test logic of test case, has alleviated tester's burden, has solved the problem of GUI script failures in regression test.
Claims (2)
1. the graphic user interface test script restorative procedure based on event accessibility model, it is characterized in that obtaining the control element of redaction graphic user interface GUI to be measured and the event reachability relation between control element, generate the GUI control event accessibility model of describing GUI control event accessibility relation; Legacy version test script is dissected, obtain the GUI test operation sequence of legacy version test script, then the test operation comprising in described GUI test operation sequence is categorized as to key operation and non-key operation, by retaining the mode of key operation, retains the test logic of legacy version test script; By searching route in GUI control event accessibility model, between key operation, insert bonding operation, make new test script normal playback on redaction GUI of obtaining through bonding operation, complete the reparation of test script,
Wherein, judgement for key operation and non-key operation, by investigating this operation, the mode of the impact of redaction GUI structure to be measured is judged to the type of this operation, if operation is carried out the structure of rear redaction GUI to be measured and is not changed, think that this control is key operation, otherwise be non-key operation;
Described graphic user interface test script restorative procedure specifically comprises the following steps:
1), generate the event accessibility model of new edition GUI to be measured:
1.1), by the graphic user interface learning tool of GUI automatic test software, generate the library of object of new edition GUI to be measured;
1.2), basis manually generates or control type and control-window call relation list information of automatic acquisition, generates the event accessibility model of GUI to be measured in conjunction with library of object; Specific as follows:
1.2.1), for the GUI control element in library of object, by analysis component type, determine the relation of this control element and other control element of this window;
1.2.2), for the GUI control element in library of object, by analysis component-window calling graph relation, determine the relation between control element under this control element and other windows;
1.2.3) according to step 1.2.1) and 1.2.2) in Information generation event accessibility model, concrete steps are as follows: if simple controls, the GUI control element that there is no structural information, this control and other simple controls, and the top layer control of structure control is event reachability relation; If structure control, the top layer control of this control and simple controls and other structure controls is event reachability relation, and and the next stage control of this structure control hierarchical structure be event reachability relation; If the intergrade control of structure control hierarchical structure, this control and the next stage control of this layer of structure are, the top layer control of same one-level control, simple controls and other structure controls of the upper level control of this structure control layer of structure, this structure control layer of structure is event reachability relation;
2) judge whether legacy version test script lost efficacy, lost efficacy and repair:
2.1) utilize artificial generate or the control ID corresponding relation of automatic acquisition or new and old edition GUI control mapping table in the control corresponding relation described, the GUI cycling of elements of legacy version test script GUI test operation sequence is become to the element of redaction GUI;
2.2) whether related control and the control sequence of the sequence of operation detecting after conversion there is corresponding point and limit at event accessibility model, judge whether legacy version test script lost efficacy, if detect related control and control sequence, in event accessibility model, all there is corresponding point and corresponding limit, effective, otherwise, lost efficacy;
3) to step 2) in the test script that detect to lose efficacy repair:
3.1) legacy version test script is changed into GUI test operation sequence;
3.2) extract the key operation of GUI test operation sequence;
3.3) key operation of legacy version test script is changed into can playback on redaction GUI key operation: the method that adopts ID mapping or shine upon by inquiry new and old edition GUI control mapping table, is mapped as the key operation of legacy version test script the operation of redaction;
3.4) between the key operation after conversion, insert bonding operation, bonding operation is: the node of determining control correspondence in event accessibility model that two adjacent key operations relate to, utilize path finding algorithm to find the path between two controls, the i.e. clicking operation of the needs between two controls, and these operations are inserted between corresponding two adjacent key operations, make key operation sequence normal playback on redaction GUI;
3.5) generate the new test script of GUI that is applicable to redaction, complete reparation.
2. the graphic user interface test script restorative procedure based on event accessibility model according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described control type and control-window call relation list information, and new and old edition GUI control mapping table is obtained by the mode of artificial generation or automatic acquisition, wherein, control type and control-window call relation list information are determined or are taked the mode automatic acquisition of GUI reverse-engineering by artificial mode; New and old edition GUI control mapping table, by manually generating, if the management of the gui version of software under testing has adopted the mode of GUI control ID management, can generate by the id information of version management GUI control new and old edition GUI control mapping table automatically.
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| CN106021103B (en) * | 2016-05-16 | 2019-01-04 | 南京大学 | A kind of mobile application test script automatic maintenance method based on code change |
| CN109359042B (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2021-08-03 | 北京云测信息技术有限公司 | Automatic testing method based on path search algorithm |
| WO2020181417A1 (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2020-09-17 | Entit Software Llc | Internationalization of automated test scripts |
| CN111444091B (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2023-06-09 | 北京字节跳动网络技术有限公司 | Test case generation method and device |
| CN113032280A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-06-25 | 东南大学 | Web application testing and repairing method based on GUI element similarity calculation |
| CN113032279A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-06-25 | 东南大学 | Web application testing and repairing method based on semantic path search |
| CN113590477B (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2023-06-09 | 四川大学 | Mobile application function test case generation method |
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