CN102411538A - Method for restoring test script of graphical user interface based on event reachability mode - Google Patents
Method for restoring test script of graphical user interface based on event reachability mode Download PDFInfo
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- CN102411538A CN102411538A CN2011103722909A CN201110372290A CN102411538A CN 102411538 A CN102411538 A CN 102411538A CN 2011103722909 A CN2011103722909 A CN 2011103722909A CN 201110372290 A CN201110372290 A CN 201110372290A CN 102411538 A CN102411538 A CN 102411538A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for restoring a test script of a graphical user interface based on an event reachability mode, which is carried out by the following steps of: acquiring the event sequence reachability relations of the control elements of the to-be-tested new version GUI (Graphical User Interface); generating modes for describing the GUI structure and the GUI control event calling reachability relations; analyzing the existing test script to acquire the GUI test operating sequence of the original test script; then dividing the GUI test operation into a key operation and a noncritical operation; remaining the test logic of the original test script by remaining the key operation; searching path in the event reachability mode; inserting the corresponding bonding operation among the key operations to normally playback the restored test script on the new version of GUI; and finishing the restoration of the test script. The method disclosed by the invention can restore invalid test scripts, guarantee the original test logic of test case, reduce burden of test staffs and solve the problem of invalid GUI script in regression tests.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the software test field; Especially study to the regression test technology and the whole process automatic test of graphic user interface gui program; Employing is based on the model recovery technique of library of object and incident accessibility; Be a kind of test case recovery technique, be a kind of graphic user interface test script restorative procedure based on incident accessibility model.
Background technology
Graphic user interface test in the industry member now, i.e. GUI test is often based on the recording/replaying instrument, the GUI test script is recorded in manual work, and at test phase with the playback automatically on GUI of GUI script.There is commercial or the increase income GUI automatic test software of some moneys on the market based on recording/replaying.For example the Rational Functional Tester (RFT) of the QuickTest Professional (QTP) of Hewlett-Packard (HP), International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) and the GUI automated test frame WatiN etc. that increases income.The QTP reliable product quality of Hewlett-Packard wherein, application market is extensive, has been actual industrywide standard.
This GUI test based on the recording/replaying technology often is applied to regression test.Yet in software development process, the modification of GUI was lost efficacy even less modification tends to cause a large amount of original GUI test scripts.GUI script failures problem largely limit the widespread use of GUI automatic test.GUI test case recovery technique is intended to address this problem, and this technology is according to the change information of GUI, attempts test case is repaired, make through the test case of reparation can be on the GUI of redaction normal playback.This method can be repaired the test case of inefficacy, helps to keep the coverage rate of original test use cases.
Initial GUI test case recovery technique adopts fully and by the mode of repairing manually the GUI test case is repaired.The Test Engineer analyzes the change information of new and old edition GUI, and revises the correlative of failure testing use-case, make through the test script modification can be on redaction GUI normal playback.The artificial success ratio of repairing is very high, and often can be good at keeping original test logic through the test case of repairing.But artificial remediation efficiency is lower, consumes a large amount of human costs.
Software model is the abstractdesription to software action and software configuration, in GUI test case recovery technique, can describe the mode of the change information between GUI information and the new and old edition GUI through setting up the GUI structural model, instructs the reparation of GUI test case.Can be used for the robotization reparation of GUI test case to a certain extent based on the GUI test case recovery technique of test model.Some test case recovery techniques based on model had been proposed in the academic research in recent years.As based on the auxiliary fix tool of the GUI test script of GUI model with based on the automatic fix tool of the test model of EFG model.But there is certain deficiency in these instruments, have proposed to repair suggestion for the Test Engineer based on the auxiliary fix tool of the GUI test script of GUI model, but have not accomplished the robotization reparation of GUI test case; Though the test test case fix tool based on the EFG model has been accomplished the robotization reparation, repair process may change the original test logic of test case.
In sum; GUI test case recovery technique based on model; Through adopting the GUI information of describing in the analytical model and the mode of new and old edition GUI change information, instruct or accomplish the reparation of GUI test script, make test script after the reparation can be on redaction GUI normal playback.But there is the deficiency of can not robotization repairing in the GUI test case recovery technique based on model that proposes at present.
Summary of the invention
The problem that the present invention will solve is: in the regression test of GUI; Need repair the GUI test case that lost efficacy; Existing GUI test case recovery technique can not guarantee the original test logic of test case when realizing reparation automatically, need a kind of test script restorative procedure that can realize the robotization reparation and possess original test logic.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: based on the graphic user interface test script restorative procedure of incident accessibility model; Obtain the control element of redaction graphic user interface GUI to be measured and the incident reachability relation between the control element, generate the GUI control incident accessibility model of describing GUI control incident accessibility relation; The legacy version test script is analyzed; Obtain the GUI test operation sequence of legacy version test script; Then the test operation that comprises in the said GUI test operation sequence is categorized as key operation and non-key operation, keeps the test logic of legacy version test script through the mode that keeps key operation; Through searching route in GUI control incident accessibility model, between key operation, insert bonding operation, the feasible new test script normal playback on redaction GUI that obtains through bonding operation is accomplished the reparation of test script,
Wherein, Judgement for key operation and non-key operation; Through investigating this operation the mode of redaction GUI effect on structure to be measured is judged this operation types; If operation is carried out the structure of back redaction GUI to be measured and do not changed, think that then this control is key operation, otherwise then be non-key operation.
Specifically may further comprise the steps:
1), generate the incident accessibility model of new edition GUI to be measured:
1.1), generate the library of object of new edition GUI to be measured through the graphic user interface learning tool of GUI automatic test software;
1.2), according to control type and control-window call relation list information that manual work generates or obtains automatically, generate the incident accessibility model of GUI to be measured in conjunction with library of object;
2) judge whether the legacy version test script lost efficacy, lost efficacy and then repair:
2.1) utilize the control corresponding relation of describing in artificial control ID corresponding relation that generates or obtain automatically or the new and old edition GUI control mapping table, the GUI element of legacy version test script GUI test operation sequence is changed into the element of redaction GUI;
2.2) detect the related control of the sequence of operation after the conversion and control sequence and whether exist at incident accessibility model and put accordingly and the limit; Judge whether the legacy version test script lost efficacy; In incident accessibility model, all there are corresponding point and corresponding limit if detect related control and control sequence; Then effective, otherwise, then lost efficacy;
3) to step 2) in the test script that detect to lose efficacy repair:
3.1) the legacy version test script is changed into GUI test operation sequence;
3.2) key operation of extracting GUI test operation sequence;
3.3) with the key operation of legacy version test script change into can playback on redaction GUI key operation: the method that adopts the ID mapping or shine upon through inquiry new and old edition GUI control mapping table is mapped as the key operation of legacy version test script the operation of redaction;
3.4) between the key operation after the conversion, insert bonding operation;
3.5) generate the new test script of GUI that is applicable to redaction, accomplish and repair.
Step 1.2) specific as follows:
1.2.1) for the GUI control element in the library of object, confirm the relation of this control element and other control element of this window through analyzing the control type;
1.2.2) for the GUI control element in the library of object, confirm the relation between the control element under this control element and other windows through analyzing control-window calling graph relation;
1.2.3) according to step 1.2.1) and 1.2.2) in information generate incident accessibility model; Concrete steps are following: if simple controls; The GUI control element that does not promptly have structural information, this control and other simple controls, and the top layer control of structure control is the incident reachability relation; If the structure control, then the top layer control of this control and simple controls and other structure controls is the incident reachability relation, and with the next stage control of this structure control hierarchical structure be the incident reachability relation; If the intergrade control of structure control hierarchical structure, then the top layer control of same one-level control, simple controls and other structure controls of the upper level control of the next stage control of this control and this layer of structure, this structure control layer of structure, this structure control layer of structure is the incident reachability relation.
Step 3.4) bonding operation is: confirm control corresponding nodes in incident accessibility model that two adjacent key operations relate to; Utilize path finding algorithm to seek the path between two controls; The i.e. clicking operation of the needs between two controls; And these operations are inserted between corresponding two adjacent key operations, make key operation sequence normal playback on redaction GUI.
Said control type and control-window call relation list information; And the mode that new and old edition GUI control mapping table is generated or obtained automatically by manual work obtains; Wherein, control type and control-window call relation list information is confirmed by the mode of manual work or is taked the mode of GUI reverse-engineering to obtain automatically; New and old edition GUI control mapping table is generated by manual work, if the mode of GUI control ID management has been adopted in the management of the gui version of software under testing, then can generate new and old edition GUI control mapping table through the id information of version management GUI control automatically.
As a rule, a GUI test script can be regarded the GUI sequence of operation as.In GUI script recording process, testing tool record Test Engineer's operation, like click, keyboard input etc., and these operations forms with the GUI sequence of operation are recorded in the GUI test script.These operations have relates to service logic, and what have does not relate to service logic.The present invention has defined the notion of key operation and non-key operation and has distinguished two kinds of dissimilar GUI operations.Key operation is meant the operation that relates to service logic, for example in specific text box, inputs user name, in login window, clicks Button Login and carries out user's login etc.; Non-key operation is meant the operation that does not relate to service logic, and non-key operation tends to change the structure of current gui interface, thereby changes the accessibility of some GUI controls, for example clicks File menu, closes current window etc.In restorative procedure of the present invention, keep test logic through the mode that keeps key operation.
Incident accessibility model is a digraph model of describing the GUI structure.Node in the digraph is the click event of GUI control, and the limit of digraph is represented to have the incident reachability relation when the corresponding incident of two nodes that the front connected.If there is the incident reachability relation in two incidents, be illustrated under the specific state, execute and can be right after another incident of execution after first incident, in incident accessibility model, there is a directed edge between the pairing point of these two incidents.
The built-in library of object (object repository) of GUI automatic test software is the forest model of expression GUI structure.This structure storage GUI control information is in order to instruct in script recording process and the replayed section identification to the GUI control.The top mode of this structure is the GUI window, and the child node of each node is represented the element that comprises in this node.For example the child node of window node possibly be the control that this window comprises, and the child node that menu nodes comprises possibly be this optional items of menu.The forest model that library of object adopted can be good at representing the hierarchical structure characteristic of GUI.Current popular GUI automatic test software, like QTP, all built-in corresponding library of object structure such as RFT is used to discern and write down the structure of GUI to be measured.GUI automatic test software is also built-in corresponding interface learning tool helps the Test Engineer to set up and the service object library structure.
In the methods of the invention, generating incident accessibility model through library of object is a part and parcel.Library of object has well been explained the GUI structure.And in practice, the library of object that the graphic user interface learning tool of use GUI automatic test software produces is comparatively accurate, and the accuracy rate of control identification is very high.But do not write down the dynamic relationship between control and the control in the library of object, incident reachability relation is not for example distinguished the information of crucial control and non-key control yet.The present invention is through the secondary learning art of gui interface.On original library of object, increase the control multidate information.And combine library of object hyperplasia to become incident accessibility model according to these information, the script repair after being used for.
The present invention proposes key operation and non-key operating concept, and as the important means of discerning and keep original GUI test script test logic, the library of object that GUI automatic test software is provided is expanded into incident accessibility model; Use incident accessibility model description GUI change information and GUI structural information, and under the guidance of these information, accomplish the automatic reparation of QTP model; Test case after the reparation can be on the redaction gui software normal playback, keep original test logic simultaneously.The present invention repairs the test script that lost efficacy, and guarantees the original test logic of test case, has alleviated tester's burden, has solved the problem of GUI script failures in the regression test.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow sheet of the present invention.
Embodiment
GUI test script robotization restorative procedure based on incident accessibility model of the present invention; Can be good at being integrated in the GUI automated test frame now; In GUI test practice now; The GUI automatic test is important to be used for regression test, and to cause the test case Problem of Failure be a ubiquity and the problem of serious limit GUI automatic test widespread use comparatively because the GUI control element changes in the regression test, and the present invention can comparatively effectively solve this ubiquitous industry member problem; Test script to losing efficacy is repaired, and has application promise in clinical practice.
Like Fig. 1, be schematic flow sheet of the present invention, may further comprise the steps:
1), generate the test model stage:
1.1), through GUI automatic test software, the interface graphic user interface learning tool ORM (Object Repository Manager) that carries of QTP (Quick Test Professional) for example generates the library of object of GUI to be measured;
1.2), according to control type and control-window call relation list information, generate the incident accessibility model of GUI to be measured in conjunction with library of object;
2) judge whether test script lost efficacy the stage:
2.1) utilize the control corresponding relation of describing in control ID corresponding relation or the new and old edition GUI control mapping table GUI element of old test script to be changed into the element of redaction GUI;
2.2) whether related control and control sequence are existed at incident accessibility model put accordingly and the mode on limit judges whether test script lost efficacy through detecting the sequence of operation after the conversion; If all controls are put and corresponding limit in incident accessibility model, all existing with all controls accordingly; Then effective; Otherwise, then lost efficacy;
3) the failure testing script is carried out repairing phase:
3.1) the legacy version test script is changed into GUI test operation sequence;
3.2) key operation of extracting GUI test operation sequence;
3.3) with the key operation of legacy version test script change into can playback on redaction GUI key operation;
3.4) the insertion bonding operation;
3.5) generate the GUI test script be applicable to redaction.
Wherein, step 1.1) in, the graphical interfaces learning tool that adopts the GUI testing software to provide; The main effect of this instrument is to set up library of object for GUI; This instrument adopts artificial auxiliary automation modeling mode, and it is convenient and swift to set up library of object, and the result is accurate; Setting up library of object is prior art, no longer details.
Said control type and control-window call relation list information and new and old edition GUI control mapping table can be obtained by the mode that manual work generates or obtains automatically.Wherein, control type and control-window call relation list information can be confirmed by the mode of manual work, also can take the mode of GUI reverse-engineering to obtain automatically; New and old edition GUI control mapping table can be generated by manual work, if the mode of GUI control ID management has been adopted in the management of the gui version of software under testing, then can generate new and old edition GUI control mapping table through the id information of version management GUI control automatically.
Step 1.2) generation incident accessibility model is specific as follows:
1.2.1) for the GUI control element in the library of object, through analyzing the type of control element, simple controls element or structure control element are confirmed the relation of this control element and other control element of this window;
1.2.2) for the control element in the library of object, confirm the relation between the control element under this control element and other windows through analyzing control-window calling graph relation;
1.2.3) generation incident accessibility model:
If simple controls, promptly there is not the GUI control of structural information, like text box, button etc., it all is the incident reachability relation that the top layer control of this control and other simple controls and structure control has.If structure control; Like menu control; Top layer controls such as Tree control, the top layer control of this control and simple controls and other structure controls is incident reachability relations so, and with the next stage control of this structure control hierarchical structure the incident reachability relation is arranged; If the intergrade control of structure control hierarchical structure, the top layer control of same one-level control, simple controls and other structure controls of the upper level control of the next stage control unit of this control and this layer of structure, this structure control layer of structure, this structure control layer of structure has the incident reachability relation so.
It should be noted that incident accessibility model is the digraph model.Control i has the representative of incident reachability relation to control j, and there is a directed edge in control i to control j in incident accessibility model, and whether control j exists directed edge uncertain to control i.
1.2.2) in, if control is present in control-window calling graph, this control is clicked in representative may open a new window, the top layer control of all simple controls and all structure controls has the incident reachability relation in this control and the new window so.
Step 2.1) in, need provide the mapping relations of new and old edition GUI control.Desirable situation is in the GUI automatic test course, and the Test Engineer has generated ID to the GUI control, and the ID that each control has is unique, and the ID that identical control has in new and old edition GUI is identical.The corresponding relation of the identical control of new and old edition only need be compared corresponding ID like this; But in engineering practice; The Test Engineer has not necessarily used the ID way to manage to control, needs the control mapping table of new and old edition to accomplish the correspondence work of identical control in the new and old edition like this.
Step 3.2) for the judgement of key operation and non-key operation, the present invention adopts through investigating this control the GUI effect on structure is carried out the judgement of key operation, if a control does not change the structure of GUI, thinks that then this control is key operation.This is judged based on a hypothesis: the Test Engineer who records test script is experienced, and the operation in the test script is refining, does not have unnecessary operation.Based on this hypothesis, all operations all are significant in the script, since an operation does not change the GUI structure, this operation must relate to service logic so.
Step 3.3) in, need the key operation of legacy version be changed into the operation of redaction, this step and 2.1) similar, the method for employing ID judgement or employing retrieval control mapping table is the operation of redaction with the operation map of legacy version.
Step 3.4) purpose is in key operation, to insert corresponding bonding operation, makes this test case on redaction, to move.The present invention is in step 3.3) in produced the key operation sequence on the redaction GUI, but since key operation between not necessarily can reach, need in incident accessibility model, seek the reachable path between the control.This method utilizes path finding algorithm to seek the path between two controls through confirming two control corresponding nodes in incident accessibility model that key operation relates to, the clicking operation that promptly needs between two controls.The key operation sequence of having inserted bonding operation can normally operation on redaction GUI.
In use, the present invention obtains the control element of redaction GUI to be measured and the sequence of events accessibility relation between the control element, generates the model that description GUI structure and GUI control incident are called accessibility relation; And existing test script analyzed, obtain the GUI test operation sequence of former test script; Then the GUI test operation is categorized as key operation and non-key operation; Through adopting the mode that keeps key operation, keep the test logic of former test script; Through being employed in the method for searching route in the incident accessibility model, insert between the key operation corresponding bonding operation make test script after repairing can be on redaction GUI normal playback; Thereby accomplish the reparation of test script.The present invention repairs the test script that lost efficacy automatically, guarantees the original test logic of test case, has alleviated tester's burden, has solved the problem of GUI script failures in the regression test.
Claims (5)
1. based on the graphic user interface test script restorative procedure of incident accessibility model; It is characterized in that obtaining the control element of redaction graphic user interface GUI to be measured and the incident reachability relation between the control element, generate the GUI control incident accessibility model of describing GUI control incident accessibility relation; The legacy version test script is analyzed; Obtain the GUI test operation sequence of legacy version test script; Then the test operation that comprises in the said GUI test operation sequence is categorized as key operation and non-key operation, keeps the test logic of legacy version test script through the mode that keeps key operation; Through searching route in GUI control incident accessibility model, between key operation, insert bonding operation, the feasible new test script normal playback on redaction GUI that obtains through bonding operation is accomplished the reparation of test script,
Wherein, Judgement for key operation and non-key operation; Through investigating this operation the mode of redaction GUI effect on structure to be measured is judged this operation types; If operation is carried out the structure of back redaction GUI to be measured and do not changed, think that then this control is key operation, otherwise then be non-key operation.
2. the graphic user interface test script restorative procedure based on incident accessibility model according to claim 1 is characterized in that specifically may further comprise the steps:
1), generate the incident accessibility model of new edition GUI to be measured:
1.1), generate the library of object of new edition GUI to be measured through the graphic user interface learning tool of GUI automatic test software;
1.2), according to control type and control-window call relation list information that manual work generates or obtains automatically, generate the incident accessibility model of GUI to be measured in conjunction with library of object;
2) judge whether the legacy version test script lost efficacy, lost efficacy and then repair:
2.1) utilize the control corresponding relation of describing in artificial control ID corresponding relation that generates or obtain automatically or the new and old edition GUI control mapping table, the GUI element of legacy version test script GUI test operation sequence is changed into the element of redaction GUI;
2.2) detect the related control of the sequence of operation after the conversion and control sequence and whether exist at incident accessibility model and put accordingly and the limit; Judge whether the legacy version test script lost efficacy; In incident accessibility model, all there are corresponding point and corresponding limit if detect related control and control sequence; Then effective, otherwise, then lost efficacy;
3) to step 2) in the test script that detect to lose efficacy repair:
3.1) the legacy version test script is changed into GUI test operation sequence;
3.2) key operation of extracting GUI test operation sequence;
3.3) with the key operation of legacy version test script change into can playback on redaction GUI key operation: the method that adopts the ID mapping or shine upon through inquiry new and old edition GUI control mapping table is mapped as the key operation of legacy version test script the operation of redaction;
3.4) between the key operation after the conversion, insert bonding operation;
3.5) generate the new test script of GUI that is applicable to redaction, accomplish and repair.
3. the graphic user interface test script restorative procedure based on incident accessibility model according to claim 2 is characterized in that step 1.2) specific as follows:
1.2.1) for the GUI control element in the library of object, confirm the relation of this control element and other control element of this window through analyzing the control type;
1.2.2) for the GUI control element in the library of object, confirm the relation between the control element under this control element and other windows through analyzing control-window calling graph relation;
1.2.3) according to step 1.2.1) and 1.2.2) in information generate incident accessibility model; Concrete steps are following: if simple controls; The GUI control element that does not promptly have structural information, this control and other simple controls, and the top layer control of structure control is the incident reachability relation; If the structure control, then the top layer control of this control and simple controls and other structure controls is the incident reachability relation, and with the next stage control of this structure control hierarchical structure be the incident reachability relation; If the intergrade control of structure control hierarchical structure, then the top layer control of same one-level control, simple controls and other structure controls of the upper level control of the next stage control of this control and this layer of structure, this structure control layer of structure, this structure control layer of structure is the incident reachability relation.
4. according to claim 2 or 3 described graphic user interface test script restorative procedures based on incident accessibility model; It is characterized in that step 3.4) bonding operation be: confirm control corresponding nodes in incident accessibility model that two adjacent key operations relate to; Utilize path finding algorithm to seek the path between two controls; The i.e. clicking operation of the needs between two controls; And these operations are inserted between corresponding two adjacent key operations, make key operation sequence normal playback on redaction GUI.
5. according to claim 2 or 3 described graphic user interface test script restorative procedures based on incident accessibility model; It is characterized in that said control type and control-window call relation list information; And the mode that new and old edition GUI control mapping table is generated or obtained automatically by manual work obtains; Wherein, control type and control-window call relation list information is confirmed by the mode of manual work or is taked the mode of GUI reverse-engineering to obtain automatically; New and old edition GUI control mapping table is generated by manual work, if the mode of GUI control ID management has been adopted in the management of the gui version of software under testing, then can generate new and old edition GUI control mapping table through the id information of version management GUI control automatically.
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| CN113032280A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-06-25 | 东南大学 | Web application testing and repairing method based on GUI element similarity calculation |
| CN113032279A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-06-25 | 东南大学 | Web application testing and repairing method based on semantic path search |
| CN113590477A (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2021-11-02 | 四川大学 | Mobile application function test case generation method |
| CN113590477B (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2023-06-09 | 四川大学 | Mobile application function test case generation method |
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