CN113032279A - Web application testing and repairing method based on semantic path search - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a Web application testing and repairing method based on semantic path search. A certain Web application test script is given, the test script is firstly operated on original edition application, and GUI element information of each script and keyword sequence information describing a business process in a page are analyzed and extracted; then, running an original test script on a new version application, searching and positioning a target GUI element on a current page for a script statement which fails to position the GUI element by adopting a method based on element similarity calculation, fusing semantic information of a keyword sequence if the positioning fails, searching a new related page by adopting a backtracking heuristic method to guide a path, and searching and positioning the target GUI element on the new page; and finally, generating and verifying the repaired Web application test script according to the target GUI element and the corresponding path information. The method can effectively solve the problem of GUI element positioning failure caused by page addition or deletion, and remarkably improve the repair rate of the Web application test script.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of software analysis and test in software engineering, particularly relates to the field of Web application test, and particularly relates to a Web application test repairing method based on semantic path search.
Background
In recent years, with the popularization of network technology and the development of new Web application development technology, Web applications are increasingly widely used, and from the initial simple information distribution and information sharing to electronic commerce, information management, search engines, service computing, multimedia and the like, Web applications have gradually penetrated into various fields of production and life of people, and play more and more important roles. With the rapid development of the Web application, the quality problem of the Web application also occurs, and the quality problem has important influence on the production and the life of people. As an important software quality assurance means, Web application testing has become an important research direction.
Errors in the Web application can be found through testing, the errors need to be modified after being found, and regression testing is needed to verify the correctness of the modification after the modification. In fact, the evolution process of the Web application version can be regarded as a process of continuously finding errors, modifying and performing regression testing. In the regression testing process of the Web application, most of the test scripts can be selected from the original test scripts in a centralized manner, but due to the change of the Web application, particularly the change of the structure and the content of some pages, part of the test scripts cannot be directly operated and can be used only after being repaired to a certain degree, but the existing script repairing work is generally completed by manual analysis, so that the cost is high, and the automation degree is low. Therefore, support of Web application test repair methods, techniques and tools is urgently needed to improve the quality and productivity of Web application software.
Empirical research shows that the main reasons for the failure of the Web application test script include Graphical User Interface (GUI) element positioning failure, value abnormality, page reloading, User session abnormality, dynamic script box flipping abnormality, and the like, wherein the main reasons are element positioning failure, which accounts for 74% of the total failure script number. Currently, research on repairing Web application test scripts mainly focuses on repairing script failures caused by GUI element positioning failures, and most of Web application repairing methods thereof adopt a difference test strategy, that is, target GUI elements are positioned based on comparison of GUI element information in application new and old version pages, such as comparison of attribute information of the GUI elements, comparison of editing distances of the GUI elements on a DOM tree, or comparison of visual images of the GUI elements. Choudhury et al propose a Web application failure repair method based on GUI element attribute comparison and a corresponding tool, WATER, which can semi-automatically provide suggestions for repairing scripts by analyzing differences in GUI element attributes during execution of new and old versions of test scripts. Stocco et al propose a Web application repair method based on GUI element image contrast and a tool, VISTA, that improves the repair rate to some extent, but the method almost fails if large changes in element style or large modifications in page layout are encountered.
In the evolution process of Web applications, situations often occur in which new pages are added or obsolete pages are deleted. Because the existing method only considers searching similar GUI elements in the current page, the problems of script failure repair and the like caused by page addition or deletion cannot be solved. Considering that the effectiveness of repair cannot be guaranteed by simply increasing the page path, and the like, semantic information of a business process is fused to guide path search, so that the repair effect is improved, and the repair rate of the Web application test script is further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the repairing method, the invention provides a Web application testing repairing method based on semantic path search. Compared with the prior art, the method searches a new page by fusing the semantic information guide path of the service flow to be tested in the test script repairing process, and searches and positions the target GUI element on the new page. The method can effectively solve the problem of GUI element positioning failure caused by page addition or deletion, and remarkably improve the repair rate of the Web application test script.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a Web application testing and repairing method based on semantic path search comprises the following steps:
step (1) a certain Web application test script is given, the test script is operated on an original version, and GUI elements of each script statement operation and keyword sequence information describing a business process to be tested in a page are analyzed and extracted in sequence;
step (2) running the test script on the new version, checking whether each GUI element operated by the test script is correctly positioned, and if the positioning fails, searching and positioning a target GUI element on a current page by adopting a method based on element similarity calculation;
if the step (2) fails, fusing keyword sequence semantic information, adopting a backtracking heuristic method to guide a path to search a new related page, and searching and positioning a target GUI element on a new version by adopting an element similarity calculation-based method;
and (4) repairing, generating and verifying the test script of the Web application new version according to the target GUI element and the semantic path information.
Further, the step (1) specifically includes the steps of:
2.1, a certain Web application test script is given, the test script is run on original edition application, and main attributes of GUI elements operated by each test script statement and text information thereof specifically comprise tag, id, class, name, value, type, title, text and XPath;
2.2 for each clickable event in the test script, recording texts in text, title, name, value, id and class attribute values of corresponding GUI elements as keyword text information, and generating a key text sequence according to the execution sequence of the events by using the information.
Further, the step (2) specifically includes the following steps:
3.1 running an original test script on the new version Web application, calculating the comprehensive similarity of the structure and the semantics of the original GUI element and each GU I element in the current page for the script statement with the failed GUI element positioning, and taking the current page GUI element with the highest similarity score as a candidate element;
3.2 if the similarity of the candidate GUI elements in the current page on the structure and the semantics is more than a given threshold value, returning the candidate GUI elements as the target GUI elements.
Further, the step (3) specifically includes the following steps:
4.1 if the target GUI element is not found in the current page of the application, extracting the key words corresponding to the current page from the key word sequence, and searching the user interface page state related to the current key word semantics by adopting a backtracking heuristic method;
4.2 in the searching process, selecting an event with the highest semantic similarity with the current keyword in the page state to be expanded for expansion, generating a new page, updating an event execution sequence, calculating the comprehensive similarity of the structure and the semantic of the original GUI element and each GUI element in the new page, and searching the GUI elements with the similarity higher than a given threshold value as candidate GUI elements; if the candidate GUI element is found, returning;
in the searching process, if all events in the current page to be expanded are triggered, backtracking to the previous page and searching other paths; if the generated new page is related to the current keyword semantics, probing is carried out, when the probing similarity is greater than a certain threshold value, the probing is successful, and the path is repaired according to the event execution sequence; otherwise, backtracking to the previous page and re-probing;
if the current event is related to the previous keyword semanteme and the new page after the current event is expanded is also related to the keyword, continuing searching along the new page, namely setting the new page as the current page to be expanded; if the new page after the current event expansion is not related to the previous keyword, backtracking to the previous page, and selecting other paths for searching;
4.3 if no page capable of being searched continuously exists, adopting a breadth-first search strategy to search continuously for the page state, and when the set maximum search time is reached or no similar element is found in the maximum search depth, considering that the path is deleted, and returning and continuously repairing the next statement at the moment.
Further, the step (4) specifically includes the following steps:
5.1, acquiring an event sequence on a path for a target GUI element and path information found in the repairing process, converting the event sequence into a Selenium script statement format, and regenerating a Web application test script;
and 5.2, verifying the regenerated Web application test script, and if the regenerated Web application test script can be successfully operated on the Selenium automation test framework, indicating that the repair is successful.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method, the keyword sequence for describing the business process is generated by recording and analyzing the text information of the click event sequence, the semantic information guide path of the business process is fused on the basis to search a new page, and the target GUI element is positioned on the new page, so that the problem of GUI element positioning failure caused by page addition or deletion can be effectively solved, the repairing effect is improved, and the repairing rate of the Web application test script is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a test script of the "Add accounts" business process of PPMAs v5.12 and v 5.13.
Detailed Description
According to the method, the GUI elements and the text sequence of the click event are extracted to generate the keyword sequence for describing the business process, then the semantic information guide path of the business process is fused to search a new page, and the target GUI element is positioned on the new page, so that the problem of GUI element positioning failure caused by page addition or deletion is effectively solved, the repairing effect is improved, and the repairing rate of the Web application test script is improved.
The invention mainly comprises an embedded browser module, an information extraction module, a GUI element positioning module, a script restoration and verification module, a semantic path searching module and the like. The embedded browser module is used for simulating interaction between a user and the browser, the information extraction module is used for extracting information such as GUI elements and keyword sequences of the business process to be detected, the GUI element positioning module is used for positioning target GUI elements, the script repairing and verifying module is used for repairing scripts and verifying effectiveness of the scripts, and the semantic path searching module is used for searching new pages related to the business process to be detected. The information extraction module intercepts and extracts related structure and semantic information by executing the test case script on the original version V and utilizing a section-oriented programming technology, and outputs an XML file recording GUI element information and the keyword sequence information of the service to be detected. And the element positioning module searches similar GUI elements in the page in the new version V' by calculating the comprehensive similarity of the structure and the semantics of the GUI elements, and if the similar GUI elements are found, outputs a target GUI element for repairing the failure script. The script restoration verification module replaces the original GUI element with the target GUI element, supplements related test script statements with path information obtained by semantic search, restores the failure script, and executes the test script on the new version V' in a single step to verify the effectiveness of the test restoration script. And the semantic path searching module fuses the keyword sequence information of the service to be detected and adopts a backtracking heuristic method to guide a path to search a new related page.
The Password management system is a typical Web application, and has the main functions of a Password management system, including functions of adding an account, deleting the account, modifying the account Password and the like. The method of the present invention is explained below by taking a service flow of a new account as an example. Fig. 2(a) and (b) are test scripts of the "new account" service flow in PPMA v5.12 and PPMA v5.13 versions, respectively. In the original version PPMA v5.12, after the tester verifies the login, the tester enters a main function interface to input related information, and clicks a submit button to complete the function of 'adding an account'. In the new version of PPMA v5.13, the layout of the main function interface is changed greatly, after the menu button of 'add item' above the page is clicked, a newly added information filling page is entered, relevant information is input in the page, and then the add button is clicked, so that the function of 'adding an account' is completed. Failure to run on the new version using the original test script. The specific process of the script repair by adopting the method of the invention is as follows:
1. extracting GUI element information and text information of click event
The original test script is run on the PPMA v5.12 version, and the GUI element information of each script statement operation is recorded, wherein the GUI element information comprises the attribute of the element and the text information thereof, and the attribute comprises tag, id, class, name, value, type, title, text and XPath path.
And recording texts in text, title, name, value, id and class attribute values of the GUI elements as keyword text information for clickable events in each script statement, wherein the filtered keyword sequence is < Login, Add a new Account >. Then, the common Chinese/English processing tools FundanLP/StandFord CoreNLP and the like are adopted to perform word segmentation and filtering processing on the words in the keyword sequence, and the result is < { logic }, { add, new, account } >. And then, for each keyword, performing word expansion processing on the word segmentation result by adopting word2vec technology, wherein each word expands 5 words with the highest semantic similarity, and the result is as follows: < { logic, password) } >, < { add (addressing, create, increment, generate, digit) }, { new (pxnew, bynew, artifact, act) }, { account (accounts, exhibition, instance, entity, acquisition, continuity) } >.
2. Finding and positioning candidate target GUI element on current page
(1) And (3) running the original test script on the new version application, and when running the script statement 5, because a new page is added, the GUI element with the newminput id cannot be positioned on the current page, and the test running is stopped.
(2) And calculating the comprehensive similarity between the original GUI element and each GUI element in the current main function interface by utilizing the information of the GUI element with the id of the newiteminput, which is collected by running on the v5.12 version, wherein a candidate GUI element is not found due to the low similarity value.
3. Guiding the path to search a new page by adopting a backtracking heuristic method, and positioning a target GUI element on the new page
And taking the keywords { add, new and account } corresponding to the current test script sentence from the keyword sequence as current keywords, setting the current page to be in a page state to be expanded, acquiring DOM elements of all clickable events in the current page, extracting text information in each DOM element, performing word segmentation and filtering processing, respectively calculating semantic similarity of the texts and the current keywords { add, new and account }, sequencing, selecting the clickable event 'added item' with the highest semantic similarity, simulating to click the event, and entering a newly added information filling page. At this time, the comprehensive similarity between the original GUI element and each GUI element in the current page is calculated, and the GUI element with the newminput id is searched.
4. Repairing failed scripts and validating
And (5) acquiring the event sequence on the path according to the path information searched in the step (5), storing the event sequence in a Selenium script format, repairing the statement (5), and re-operating the statement (5) successfully.
5. And sequentially checking the residual statements of the script and running normally.
The experimental result shows that compared with the existing repair methods, namely the WATER and VISTA, the method provided by the invention can obviously improve the validity of Web semantic tests and improve the repair rate.
The above examples are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and equivalents can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and it is intended that all such modifications and equivalents fall within the scope of the invention as defined in the claims.
Claims (5)
1. A Web application testing and repairing method based on semantic path search is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step (1) a certain Web application test script is given, the test script is operated on an original version, and GUI elements of each script statement operation and keyword sequence information describing a business process to be tested in a page are analyzed and extracted in sequence;
step (2) running the test script on the new version, checking whether each GUI element operated by the test script is correctly positioned, and if the positioning fails, searching and positioning a target GUI element on a current page by adopting a method based on element similarity calculation;
if the step (2) fails, fusing keyword sequence semantic information, adopting a backtracking heuristic method to guide a path to search a new related page, and searching and positioning a target GUI element on a new version by adopting an element similarity calculation-based method;
and (4) repairing, generating and verifying the test script of the Web application new version according to the target GUI element and the semantic path information.
2. The semantic path search based Web application test repairing method according to claim 1, wherein the step (1) specifically comprises the following steps:
2.1, a certain Web application test script is given, the test script is run on original edition application, and main attributes of GUI elements operated by each test script statement and text information thereof specifically comprise tag, id, class, name, value, type, title, text and XPath;
2.2 for each clickable event in the test script, recording texts in text, title, name, value, id and class attribute values of corresponding GUI elements as keyword text information, and generating a key text sequence according to the execution sequence of the events by using the information.
3. The semantic path search based Web application test repair method according to claim 1, wherein the step (2) specifically comprises the following steps:
3.1 running an original test script on the new version Web application, calculating the comprehensive similarity of the structure and the semantics of the original GUI element and each GU I element in the current page for the script statement with the failed GUI element positioning, and taking the current page GUI element with the highest similarity score as a candidate element;
3.2 if the similarity of the candidate GUI elements in the current page on the structure and the semantics is more than a given threshold value, returning the candidate GUI elements as the target GUI elements.
4. The semantic path search based Web application test repairing method according to claim 1, wherein the step (3) specifically comprises the following steps:
4.1 if the target GUI element is not found in the current page of the application, extracting the key words corresponding to the current page from the key word sequence, and searching the user interface page state related to the current key word semantics by adopting a backtracking heuristic method;
4.2 in the searching process, selecting an event with the highest semantic similarity with the current keyword in the page state to be expanded for expansion, generating a new page, updating an event execution sequence, calculating the comprehensive similarity of the structure and the semantic of the original GUI element and each GUI element in the new page, and searching the GUI elements with the similarity higher than a given threshold value as candidate GUI elements; if the candidate GUI element is found, returning;
in the searching process, if all events in the current page to be expanded are triggered, backtracking to the previous page and searching other paths; if the generated new page is related to the current keyword semantics, probing is carried out, when the probing similarity is greater than a certain threshold value, the probing is successful, and the path is repaired according to the event execution sequence; otherwise, backtracking to the previous page and re-probing;
if the current event is related to the previous keyword semanteme and the new page after the current event is expanded is also related to the keyword, continuing searching along the new page, namely setting the new page as the current page to be expanded; if the new page after the current event expansion is not related to the previous keyword, backtracking to the previous page, and selecting other paths for searching;
4.3 if no page capable of being searched continuously exists, adopting a breadth-first search strategy to search continuously for the page state, and when the set maximum search time is reached or no similar element is found in the maximum search depth, considering that the path is deleted, and returning and continuously repairing the next statement at the moment.
5. The semantic path search based Web application test repairing method according to claim 1, wherein the step (4) specifically comprises the following steps:
5.1, acquiring an event sequence on a path for a target GUI element and path information found in the repairing process, converting the event sequence into a Selenium script statement format, and regenerating a Web application test script;
and 5.2, verifying the regenerated Web application test script, and if the regenerated Web application test script can be successfully operated on the Selenium automation test framework, indicating that the repair is successful.
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