CN102409978B - Rotary drilling hole forming method by using multi-stage alloy pilot roller bit in complex stratum cast-in-place pile construction - Google Patents
Rotary drilling hole forming method by using multi-stage alloy pilot roller bit in complex stratum cast-in-place pile construction Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a strong karst area cast-in-place pile construction method based on a rotary drilling hole forming manner. The cast-in-place pile construction method is characterized by comprising the steps of: (1) drilling into the surfaces of a karst layer and a gravel soil layer by adopting a conventional bit; (2) in combination with the basic theory of rock-soil mechanics, finding out a mathematic relation between an optimized value of inclination of a multi-stage alloy pilot roller bit and a coefficient of sliding friction between a rock-soil material and the interface of the bit; (3) after adopting the conventional bit to dill into the surfaces of the karst layer and the gravel soil layer, changing the conventional bit into the multi-stage alloy pilot roller bit, firstly drilling at high pressure and low speed, and then, after the bit is dilled into the rock for more than 50 cm, drilling at low pressure and high speed until the drilling depth or hole depth satisfies design requirements; (4) optimizing the design of mud specific weight in stages for preventing pile holes from collapsing and improving the bearing capacity of pile foundations; and (5) handling sudden accidents, such as fracture of drilling rods, bit falling, bit burying, fracture of cone palms in holes, accidental falling of cone palms and other small operation tools and the like, in the drilling process by adopting a drill tool overshot and a falling object salvage skip.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to construction technology in geotechnical engineering field, a kind of bad ground filling pile construction adopts Multistage alloy leading roller bit convolution drilling and forming hole engineering method specifically.
Background technology
In bad ground filling pile construction engineering method, different pore-forming techniques all has different applicable elements, also has very big difference in construction investment, workmanship, programming.Manually digging hole mode is higher to conditional requests such as stake footpath, underground water and formation characteristics, security risks is high; Churn drill pore-forming is steep in bedrock surface big rise and fall, attitude of rocks, inclination angle is when larger, stake hole very easily deflection and be difficult for correction, often entangle repeatly repeatly inclined to one side; When abrasion drill pore-forming adopts conventional alloy bit or roller bit cutting horizon d and shiver stone soil layer, drilling efficiency is low, is prone to even bury drills phenomenon of concordant race, inclined hole, bit bouncing, bit freezing; Revolve that to scrape out hole high to groundwater table and formation characteristics requirement, common drill bit enters rock difficulty, and larger to equipment damage.Because the uncertain factor in bad ground filling pile construction is a lot of, unavoidably always there are cone palm or small operation instrument etc. to fall in hole or bit freezing, bury drills, the beyond thought construction accident such as fall to bore and occur, if do not salvage and process, probably need change design, adopt piling measure to remedy.These measures are not only incured loss through delay the duration, bring adverse effect also can to contract performance and Control Engineering cost etc.Karst area particularly, because karst state is different, the situations such as the position of solution cavity, lapies, fluid bowl, the degree of depth, shape and size are changeable, to construction, bring more larger difficulties, especially when running into " calabash bunch " shape solution cavity, crack, above conventional method cannot normally guarantee that embedding rock reaches designing requirement, causes many hidden danger of quality substantially.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is a kind of construction that adopts Multistage alloy leading roller bit convolution drilling and forming hole for bad ground castinplace piles such as piece clitter made ground layer, bedrock surface steep dip stratum, the beading creviced formation that contains " calabash bunch " shape Karst Cave Formation, fold-line-shaped creviced formation, upper and lower decentraction, half rock.
Bad ground filling pile construction of the present invention adopts Multistage alloy leading roller bit convolution drilling and forming hole engineering method, comprising:
1, adopt conventional bit to creep into the bad ground surfaces such as piece stone soil or steep dip basement rock;
2, the formation characteristics providing according to exploration report, is optimized design to the inclination angle of Multistage alloy leading roller bit;
3, adopt conventional bit to creep into behind bad ground surface, Multistage alloy leading roller bit is transported to aperture, and be connected as a single entity by the drilling tool of drilling tool connector and former drill bit apparatus, by the power of drilling equipment, transfer in hole, by boring log, determine the degree of depth of boring, at the bottom of Multistage alloy leading roller bit is transferred to hole;
4, stretching wire rope gently, allows the spring of fall block in compressive state, guarantees that gear wheel is in full the pressure of the drill state, with 2 grades of speed, rotate Rotary table for drilling machine, observe drilling tool drilling depth, when the spring of fall block is during in relaxation state, slowly transfer wire rope, make spring in compressive state;
5, drill bit enter the rock degree of depth more than 50cm after, gently carry wire rope, make spring in compressive state, clutch is suspended to 3 ~ 4 grades, adopts low-voltage high speed to creep into, until enter rock or hole depth meets design requirement;
6, to karst strata, according to the leading brill data of boring, in drilling process, when drill bit enters karst and approaches lower floor's Upper Plate of Karst Cave, should reduce rotating speed, low pressure low speed creeps into, in order to avoid cause drill bit skew because drilling depth is too fast, affects borehole perpendicularity;
What 7, proceed to inclination when bit drills (is rock compared with hard rock or half rock on one side, be soil on one side) time, multistage correcting effect because of drilling rod, special drill bit, in addition the high rotating speed of low pressure creeps into, can make tilted stratum or half rock form step, prevent drill bit " concordant race " (slip slope phenomenon), effectively avoid the deflection in a hole.
8, described low pressure: refer on wire rope only and draw drilling rod and part drill bit weight, make drill bit have cleaning bottom of hole to wait a moment and be as the criterion into phenomenon, by rolling control, drill edge is pressed rock weight≤(1/2) drill bit weight.With hoisting rope force controlled the pressure of the drill, need keep certain hour (while entering rock at first, the retention time must not be less than 15min), to guarantee cutting element free incision rock under this pressure, avoid cutting not have enough time to form the step changing from small to big and just leave this place.
9, described high rotating speed: refer to rig rotating speed, according to drill bit caliber size, while adopting middle-grade or high-grade rotating speed, can make alloy on rock inclined-plane high linear speed, be beneficial to and form rock step.The slow-speed of revolution refers to rotating speed 15 ~ 30r/min, and medium speed refers to rotating speed 30 ~ 75r/min, and high rotating speed refers to rotating speed > 75r/min.During on-the-spot practice of construction, the rig rotating speed of the different model that different manufacturers is produced is often different, is generally speaking divided into third gear or fourth gear position, and wherein low speed is 1 grade, and middling speed is 2 grades, is 3 ~ 4 grades at a high speed.
10, in boring procedure, adopt larger specific gravity mud, be beneficial to effective protection hole wall, prevent collapse hole, and more boring muds that can suspend, rate of penetration accelerated; The mud that proportion is larger refers to that mud balance is 1.3 ~ 1.6.There is solution cavity stake hole can strengthen top retaining wall rigidity and prevent hole wall cracking, during the complex formation of aperture, first should carry out artificial or mechanical borehole and remove obstacles, and the steel casing of certain altitude is set, prevent the too loose collapse hole accident that causes in stratum, aperture.
If 11, pore forming process occurs that mud slowly runs off or instantaneous Rapid Flow is missed the season, should strengthen rapidly concentration of hydraulic mixture.The corrective measure of taking mainly comprises: increase solid concentration (volume of swell soil or tonerde is increased to 10% by 5%), tackify (add Na-CMC. (Hv) agent, the content by it in drilling slurry is increased to 0.3%), add " bridge joint leak stopping " material (mainly containing fine grained walnut shell and cotton seed hulls);
When if 12 spillage phenomenons are not alleviated, in hole, throw mud drum, rubble etc., and with the low hammer compacting of drilling tool, large molecule tackify material and bridge joint loss circulation material in mud are fully mixed with mud drum rubble, thereby carry filler and stop up crack, eradicate stake hole spillage phenomenon; The selection of mud drum, rubble is simple, and all miscellaneous fills in hole or mud pit sediment all can utilize (wherein mud pit sediment will could be used after purifying precipitation); Collapse individually and leak the comparatively serious hole of phenomenon, can drop into cement mortar bag, the low hammer compacting of lower brill, spuds in after standing 24 hours again if mud face is stable; Still with weak concrete, fill a hole during spillage, until it, have after certain intensity 2-3 days, can again carry out drilling and forming hole;
13, in underground hole, at the bottom of hole because poor strata causes breaking of rod bar, while falling drilling tool and drill bit, adopts dart to salvage;
14, cone palm fracture or accidentally fall into hole and when other small operation instruments accidentally fall hole, adopt fishing junk skip bucket to salvage in work progress mesopore;
15, adopt this pore-forming engineering method especially to there being the filling pile construction on stratum, karst area of shaped corroded cave model and upper and lower decentraction, many steep dips scar and many half rocks effective more.
The described bad ground surface of creeping into, its distinguishing rule is: construction exploration report and drilling footage speed with creep into state, when common drill bit rate of penetration obviously slows down, beat fierceness can think while there is bit bouncing phenomenon and arrive bad ground surface of drilling rod;
The described inclination angle to Multistage alloy leading roller bit is optimized design, the formation characteristics providing according to exploration report is provided, inclination angle to the Multistage alloy leading roller bit in each place is optimized design, according to the basic theories of rock mechanics, make drilling efficiency the highest, the inclination angle of Multistage alloy leading roller bit
should meet following relation:
In formula:
the inclination angle of-Multistage alloy leading roller bit (°)
the coefficient of sliding friction between-rock-soil material and drill bit interface, value is between 0.2 ~ 1;
The inclination angle of Multistage alloy leading roller bit
optimal value between 45 ° ~ 60 °, consider drill bit true form to be reduced to conical impact, actual value is compared bigger than normal with the inclination angle of theory analysis, therefore, when practical application, inclination angle can be bigger than normal slightly;
Bad ground filling pile construction of the present invention adopts Multistage alloy leading roller bit convolution drilling and forming hole engineering method is superiorly mainly to have adopted Multistage alloy leading roller bit, its advantage is: utilize the rolling of gear wheel to creep into and reduce resistance, multiple stage crushing, cutting rock, guarantees drilling depth; Utilize multi-stage alloy section correction hole wall, and make hole wall easily cut into step, and preventing " concordant race ", can in the drilling process of decentraction " calabash bunch " solution cavity, from deflection, be become with one heart, reduce hole inclined to one side, the verticality requirement of good correcting performance guarantee bad ground drilled pile; Can find accurately and efficiently bearing stratum, and the multistage steel cylinder on top can assist correcting can collect rock bits material, is beneficial to technician and judges formation lithology; Because drill bit is difficult for waving, porosity is low partially, and enlarging rate is low, and fullness coefficient is low; Utilize in hole circulating mud as cooling fluid and flushing liquor, excess Temperature while avoiding gear wheel running and destroy cone palm structure, rinses the plane of disruption by mud circulation, and the rock particles that fragmentation is got off is taken away, and avoids repetition fragmentation, has strengthened the effect of fractured rock; Applicable to common slewing drilling machine reverse circulation technique, drill bit processing is simple, and rising and falling, it is convenient to bore; Become hole perpendicularity good, bearing stratum is reliable, and pile foundation engineering reliable in quality degree is high, and engineering practice in recent years proves, the pouring pile hole success rate that adopts this construction technology is 100%, stake inspection qualification rate 100%.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is Multistage alloy leading roller bit structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the physical model of Multistage alloy leading roller bit of the present invention and simplifies geometrical model schematic diagram.
The specific embodiment
Bad ground filling pile construction of the present invention adopts Multistage alloy leading roller bit convolution drilling and forming hole engineering method, the basic construction technology operating process of this engineering method is carried out in strict accordance with the requirement about bored pile construction in < < technical code for building pile foundation (JGJ 94-2008) > >, here only take karst area penetrates shaped corroded cave model to apply the construction of this engineering method is example, be different from conventional construction method part and illustrate, other illustrate no longer one by one:
Adopt conventional bit to creep into horizon d surface, its distinguishing rule is: karst construction exploration report and rate of penetration and state (rate of penetration obviously slows down, and drilling rod jumping phenomena is fierce and occur that bit bouncing shows to have arrived surface of bedrock);
Adopt conventional bit to creep into behind horizon d surface, the formation characteristics providing according to exploration report is selected the Multistage alloy leading roller bit at suitable inclination angle, be transported to aperture, and be connected as a single entity by the drilling tool of drilling tool connector and former drill bit apparatus, by the power of drilling equipment, transfer in hole, by boring log, determine the degree of depth of boring, at the bottom of Multistage alloy leading roller bit is transferred to hole;
Stretching wire rope, allows the spring of fall block in compressive state gently, guarantees that gear wheel is in full the pressure of the drill state, with 2 grades of speed, rotate Rotary table for drilling machine, observe drilling tool drilling depth, when the spring of fall block is during in relaxation state, slowly transfer wire rope, make spring in compressive state;
Drill bit enter the rock degree of depth more than 50cm after, gently carry wire rope, make spring in compressive state, clutch is suspended to 3 ~ 4 grades, adopts low-voltage high speed to creep into, until enter rock or hole depth meets design requirement;
According to the leading brill data of boring, in drilling process, when drill bit enters upper strata solution cavity and approaches lower floor's Upper Plate of Karst Cave, should reduce rotating speed, low pressure low speed creeps into, in order to avoid cause drill bit skew because drilling depth is too fast, affects borehole perpendicularity;
Described low pressure: refer on wire rope only and draw drilling rod and part drill bit weight, make drill bit have cleaning bottom of hole to wait a moment and be as the criterion into phenomenon, by rolling control, drill edge is pressed rock weight≤(1/2) drill bit weight.With hoisting rope force controlled the pressure of the drill, need keep certain hour (while entering rock at first, the retention time must not be less than 15min), to guarantee cutting element free incision rock under this pressure, avoid cutting not have enough time to form the step changing from small to big and just leave this place.
The described slow-speed of revolution: refer to rig rotating speed, according to drill bit caliber size, while adopting middle-grade or high-grade rotating speed, can make alloy on rock inclined-plane high linear speed, be beneficial to and form rock step.The slow-speed of revolution refers to rotating speed 15 ~ 30r/min, and medium speed refers to rotating speed 30 ~ 75r/min, and high rotating speed refers to rotating speed > 75r/min.During on-the-spot practice of construction, the rig rotating speed of the different model that different manufacturers is produced is often different, is generally speaking divided into third gear or fourth gear position, and wherein low speed is 1 grade, and middling speed is 2 grades, is 3 ~ 4 grades at a high speed.
In boring procedure, adopt larger specific gravity mud, be beneficial to effective protection hole wall, prevent collapse hole, and more boring muds that can suspend, rate of penetration accelerated; The mud that proportion is larger refers to that mud balance is 1.3 ~ 1.6.There is solution cavity stake hole can strengthen top retaining wall rigidity and prevent hole wall cracking, during the complex formation of aperture, first should carry out artificial or mechanical borehole and remove obstacles, and the steel casing of certain altitude is set, prevent the too loose collapse hole accident that causes in stratum, aperture.
If pore forming process occurs that mud slowly runs off or instantaneous Rapid Flow is missed the season, should strengthen rapidly concentration of hydraulic mixture.The corrective measure of taking mainly comprises: by bentonitic dosage, by 5% being increased to 10%, adding the Na-CMC. tackifier of Hv level, its volume volume ratio is 0.3%, adds " bridge joint leak stopping " material, mainly contains fine grained walnut shell and cotton seed hulls;
When if spillage phenomenon is not alleviated, in hole, throw mud drum, rubble etc., and with the low hammer compacting of drilling tool, large molecule tackify material and bridge joint loss circulation material in mud are fully mixed with mud drum rubble, thereby carry filler, stop up crack, eradicate stake hole spillage phenomenon; The selection of mud drum, rubble is simple, and all miscellaneous fills in hole or mud pit sediment all can utilize (wherein mud pit sediment will could be used after purifying precipitation); Collapse individually and leak the comparatively serious hole of phenomenon, can drop into cement mortar bag, the low hammer compacting of lower brill, spuds in after standing 24 hours again if mud face is stable; Still with weak concrete, fill a hole during spillage, until it, have after certain intensity 2-3 days, can again carry out drilling and forming hole;
In underground hole, at the bottom of hole because poor strata causes breaking of rod bar, while falling drilling tool and drill bit, adopts dart to salvage; During concrete enforcement, when drilling rod local location rupture, dart utilizes the principle of involute to search for target, and bad ground drilling rod is pressed close to hole wall, can utilize recovery hook involute guide groove by drilling rod righting, then imports in recovery hook and takes out; Guide groove width is greater than drilling rod external diameter 4 ~ 8mm, makes the easy landing of drilling rod, drilling tool of breaking enter guide groove target location; Angle between drilling tool recovery hook plane and drilling tool connector
, facts have proved that adopting this angle drilling rod to be difficult for groove comes off; When there is bit freezing phenomenon, the top of likely salvaging drilling tool connects vibrating hammer, utilizes drilling tool transmission to make drill bit and hole wall occur becoming flexible, and considers stressedly, and angle can suitably increase in this case, but must not be greater than 90
0; When fracture location occurs in drill bit root, use and salvage straight hook, on straight hook drill bit, be reserved with hole, wing plate and be wrapped in the protection steel cable on drill bit;
While falling the accident that thing or cone palm, alloy block etc. come off because of wearing and tearing in boring, can rapidly fishing junk skip bucket be transported to aperture, by drilling tool connector and original rig, be connected as a single entity, at the bottom of transferring to accident hole by the power of rig, use artificial or slow shelves of machinery rotatable parts gently, allow and salvage skip bucket and in hole, press close to the clockwise slow circumvolve in bottom, hole, junk is shoveled in salvaging skip bucket, slowly promote drilling tool, then pull out of hole and promote piecemeal.
Claims (1)
1. the strong karst area filling pile construction engineering method based on abrasion drill pore-forming mode, is characterized in that: its step is as follows:
(1) adopt conventional bit to creep into karst layer and crushed stone soil layer surface;
(2) the formation characteristics providing according to exploration report, is optimized design to the inclination angle of Multistage alloy leading roller bit, according to frictional force minimum principle between Multistage alloy leading roller bit and rock-soil material interface, the inclination angle that draws Multistage alloy leading roller bit
and friction factor between rock-soil material and drill bit interface
should meet following relation:
In formula:
the inclination angle of-Multistage alloy leading roller bit (°)
the coefficient of sliding friction between-rock-soil material and drill bit interface, value is between 0.2 ~ 1;
(3) adopt conventional bit to creep into behind karst layer and crushed stone soil layer surface, Multistage alloy leading roller bit is transported to aperture, and be connected as a single entity by the drilling tool of drilling tool connector and former drill bit apparatus, by the power of drilling equipment, transfer in hole, by boring log, determine the degree of depth of boring, at the bottom of Multistage alloy leading roller bit is transferred to hole;
(4) stretching wire rope gently, allows the spring of fall block in compressive state, guarantees that gear wheel is in full the pressure of the drill state, with 2 grades of speed, rotate Rotary table for drilling machine, observe drilling tool drilling depth, when the spring of fall block is during in relaxation state, slowly transfer wire rope, make spring in compressive state;
Drill bit enter the rock degree of depth more than 50cm after, gently carry wire rope, make spring in compressive state, clutch is suspended to 3 ~ 4 grades, adopts low-voltage high speed to creep into, until enter rock or hole depth meets design requirement;
(6) according to the leading brill data of boring, in drilling process, when drill bit enters karst and approaches lower floor's Upper Plate of Karst Cave, should reduce rotating speed, low pressure low speed creeps into, in order to avoid cause drill bit skew because drilling depth is too fast, affects borehole perpendicularity;
(7) have top, solution cavity stake hole to adopt manually digging hole to remove obstacles, lower steel casing is in case boulder causes larger collapse hole accident, and along with the increase gradually of hole depth, needs to select the mud that proportion is larger to strengthen mud in the retaining wall effect of this hole section;
(8) select before mud parameter, need first analyze the dehydration process of mud, the dehydration process of mud is roughly divided into instantaneous dehydration, dynamic filtration and quiet dehydration; When conventional bit is drilled into soil cave or Multistage alloy leading roller bit and is drilled into basement rock lapies, fluid bowl, solution cavity, at the bottom of forming new hole, the instantaneous loss of mud, aperture mud liquid level declines suddenly, fluid loss is large, be dehydration at the bottom of instantaneous dehydration or hole, with lining rope or scale gaging hole saliva position, can know instantaneous dehydration; In mud circulation process, mud ring-type in hole is upwards returned, and erosion damage mud skin, if the formation of mud skin cannot keep dynamic equilibrium with destruction, causes hole wall dehydration to be dynamic filtration, surveys water level in mud pit can know dynamic filtration with lining rope or scale; Quiet dehydration is mud and stops inside and outside dehydration when in a basic balance of circulation, aperture mud pressure, and dehydration meeting reduces, and with mud wavter loss meter, measures, and its essence is a kind of percolation phenomena, and feature is in static, and mud skin extends in time and thickens;
(9) the proportion that strengthens mud carries out in " instantaneous dehydration " and " dynamic filtration " stage, the base slurry formula of mud is water and high-quality swell soil, the corrective measure of taking mainly comprises: by bentonitic dosage by 5% being increased to 10%, adding the Na-CMC tackifier of Hv level, its volume volume ratio is 0.3%, adds " bridge joint leak stopping " material, mainly contains fine grained walnut shell and cotton seed hulls;
(10) after mud improves, in hole, throw mud drum, rubble etc., and with the low hammer compacting of drilling tool, large molecule tackify material and bridge joint loss circulation material in mud are fully mixed with mud drum rubble, thereby carry filler, stop up crack, eradicate stake hole spillage phenomenon; The selection of mud drum, rubble is simple, and hole is mixed to stone soil around maybe by the mud hole sediment backhoe purifying after precipitation, direct excavation and filling, and recycling is effective; Collapse individually and leak the comparatively serious hole of phenomenon, need to drop into cement mortar bag, the low hammer compacting of lower brill pulls out of hole after mud is stable, leads under water, and after solidifying, recycling weak concrete is filled, and after it has certain intensity, can again carry out drilling;
In underground hole, at the bottom of hole because poor strata causes breaking of rod bar, while falling drilling tool and drill bit, adopts dart to salvage;
(12) cone palm fracture or accidentally fall into hole and when other small operation instruments accidentally fall hole, adopt fishing junk skip bucket to salvage in work progress mesopore;
(13) the construction technology operating process of this engineering method is carried out in strict accordance with the requirement about bored pile construction in < < technical code for building pile foundation (JGJ 94-2008) > >.
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| CN103498466A (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2014-01-08 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Construction technique for preventing hole collapse of bored cast-in-place pile |
| CN107059847A (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2017-08-18 | 中国华西企业有限公司 | A kind of competent bed water mill bores pouring pile hole structure and its construction from the bottom of one's heart |
| CN108086910A (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2018-05-29 | 北京地矿工程建设有限责任公司 | Long spire extruded and extended pile drilling machine boring method and long spire extruded and extended pile drilling machine |
| CN109594926A (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2019-04-09 | 高九华 | Roll-in cut drill |
| CN117365300A (en) * | 2023-11-02 | 2024-01-09 | 山东省地质矿产勘查开发局第一地质大队（山东省第一地质矿产勘查院） | Reamer for marine mine geological exploration |
| CN117823052B (en) * | 2024-03-05 | 2024-05-17 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Reaming device for geological exploration of fault fracture zone |
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| GB232650A (en) * | 1923-12-18 | 1925-04-20 | George Brinton Sipe | Method of producing piles |
| GB886999A (en) * | 1959-08-21 | 1962-01-10 | Gaspar Jozef Coelus | A method and an apparatus for forming a concrete pile in the ground and a concrete pile obtained by means of said method |
| US3921410A (en) * | 1974-07-05 | 1975-11-25 | Kenneth W Philo | System and method of permafrost pile forming |
| JPS57146822A (en) * | 1981-03-04 | 1982-09-10 | Morihisa Toda | Method and apparatus for constructing cement mortar concrete pile |
| CN1043181A (en) * | 1988-12-06 | 1990-06-20 | 北京市机械施工公司 | Long spiral auger pressurized slurry constructin method and device thereof |
| JPH06307178A (en) * | 1993-04-21 | 1994-11-01 | Japan Found Eng Co Ltd | Excavation of ground |
| CN201474618U (en) * | 2009-08-26 | 2010-05-19 | 中冶集团武汉勘察研究院有限公司 | Multistage alloy leading roller bit |
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