CN102399824B - Method for preparing plant carbon black substitute by using leaves of Vaccinium plants as raw material - Google Patents
Method for preparing plant carbon black substitute by using leaves of Vaccinium plants as raw material Download PDFInfo
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- CN102399824B CN102399824B CN 201010279537 CN201010279537A CN102399824B CN 102399824 B CN102399824 B CN 102399824B CN 201010279537 CN201010279537 CN 201010279537 CN 201010279537 A CN201010279537 A CN 201010279537A CN 102399824 B CN102399824 B CN 102399824B
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for preparing a plant carbon black substitute by using leaves of Vaccinium plants as raw material, comprising the following steps: (1) immersing the leaves of Vaccinium plants in deionized water, c crushing the leaves, carrying out complete aerobic fermentation until the color of the fermentation broth gradually turns black brown, then removing residues to obtain aVaccinium leavf fermentation broth, wherein, the ratio of the quality of the leaves to the volume of deionized water is 1:2; (2) crushing rice flour or wheat flour, then sieving with a 200-300 meshessieve to obtain a staining carrier; and (3) adding the staining carrier in the fermentation broth, and uniformly mixing, drying the mixture by distillation at a temperature of 120 DEG C to constant weight, cooling to room temperature, then crushing until the particle size is 200-300 meshes to obtain the plant carbon black substitute, wherein, the ratio of the quality of the staining carrier to the volume of the fermentation broth is 1:3. The method has simple technology, and the obtained plant carbon black substitute has high safety.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of food grade plant carbon black substitute, particularly a kind of leaf with the Vaccinium plant is the method that raw material prepares plant carbon black substitute.
Background technology
The plant carbon black is a kind of at the bigger natural food pigment of Chinese usage quantity.Because the color and luster of plant carbon black is pure, and do not participate in body metabolism, so be considered to a kind of food dye as safe as a house always.But discover, in the preparation process of plant carbon black, can bring the benzopyrene of considerable amount into, this will have brought huge shade for the plant carbon black in the future that field of food is used, so the substitute of the plant carbon black of development of new has also become the task of top priority.
Vaccinium (Vaccinium) traditional classification is attributed to Ericaceae, but because of this genus and close on and belong to that ovary is the next to be Vacciniaceae (Vacciniaceae) by other is upright.The full genus of Vaccinium amounts to about more than 300 kinds, mainly is distributed in the torrid zone, subtropics and temperate zone, and wherein Malaysia and Indonesia are present distribution center, have 235 kinds.China produces 65 kinds approximately, and all there is distribution the various places, north and south, and maximum with southwest.Vaccinium is evergreen or machaka, corolla mitriform, and ovary is the next, and berry is black, brown or redness, and white powder is often arranged, and happiness is born in the acid soil.At present, the utilization of Vaccinium plant is confined to the berry part more, and for example eat berry raw, make jam from berry extracting section pigment or with berry, and rare to utilizing on a large scale of leaf.Only be with in the Chinese south of the River one, the custom of from ancient times dying black rice processed with regard to useful myrtillin leave, the gained black rice is shiny black glossy, and fast colours, and the utmost point is liked by the locals.
Be rich in aldehydes matter in the leaf of Vaccinium plant, these endogenic plant polyphenols can be oxidized to brown to the quinone of black under the effect of polyphenoloxidase, the combination of multiple mode also can take place with protein in these quinones and remaining plant polyphenol under appropriate condition, this in conjunction with the color and luster that can further deepen final product.
Quinone and polyphenol mainly are by hydrophobic interaction and protein bound, and when hydrophobic interaction was more strong, polyphenol or quinone molecule more can enter the hydrophobic pocket of protein with hydrophobic form.In addition, polyphenol and quinone can both (mainly be peptidyls with the polar group of protein, also have guanidine radicals, hydroxyl, carbonyl etc. in addition) 2 hydrogen bonded of generation, and when the plant polyphenol polymerization degree was more high, itself and combination of proteins were more firm, and color and luster is also more dark, finally form a kind of firm polymer tunicle at painted carrier surface, this tunicle is black, and is glossy, water-soluble hardly.Products obtained therefrom has just obtained a kind of non-water-soluble pigment that is similar to the plant carbon black after crushed.
Current, research to the development and use of the leaf of Vaccinium plant, sporadically appear in domestic part periodical and patent, for example Wang Li of Southern Yangtze University etc. has done many elaborations in the melanic research of myrtillin leave, attempting having established the melanic extraction of myrtillin leave and quantitative detecting method (foodstuffs industry science and technology, 2005,26 (10): 177～180); Publication number is that the application for a patent for invention of CN 1939979A then utilizes zymin in conjunction with the melanochrome in the method extraction myrtillin leave of solvent first, makes the melanochrome yield improve about 30% than traditional method.But these work have the tangible space of improving, and at first, no matter be that specified melanochrome all is a kind of black paste that contains a large amount of sugars in the paper or in the patent, water absorbability is strong, and this paste only is partially soluble in water in addition, and color and luster is drabon look.These 2 have greatly been limited the melanic usage space of myrtillin leave.The melanochrome that extracts from the leaf of other Vaccinium plant also runs into same problem, and these two problems do not solve, and can't really realize the melanic industrialization of the leaf of Vaccinium plant.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of leaf with the Vaccinium plant is the method for feedstock production plant carbon black substitute, said method comprising the steps of:
(1) preparation leaf fermented liquid: the leaf of Vaccinium plant is immersed in the deionized water, and the quality of described leaf is 1: 2 with the ratio of the volume of deionized water, and described leaf is smashed to pieces, carry out abundant aerobic fermentation, until fermented liquid color blackening brown gradually, remove residue then, obtain the myrtillin leave fermented liquid;
(2) prepare painted carrier: rice meal or wheat-flour are pulverized, crossed 200～300 mesh sieves then, obtain painted carrier; With
(3) preparation plant carbon black substitute: described painted carrier is joined in the described fermented liquid, the ratio of the quality of described painted carrier and the volume of described fermented liquid is 1: 3, abundant mixing, evaporate to dryness is to constant weight under 120 ℃ of temperature, to be cooled to room temperature, be crushed to 200～300 orders, obtain plant carbon black substitute.
Preferably, the leaf of described Vaccinium plant is selected from a kind of in Blue berry leaf, the myrtillin leave.
Preferably, the leaf of described Vaccinium plant is the bright leaf of plucking for 4～May.
Preferably, the using-system stamp mill is smashed the described leaf in the deionized water to pieces under being no more than 42 ℃ of temperature.
Preferably, described aerobic fermentation is that the mixture that will smash to pieces is transferred in the reactor, constantly stirs, and descends lasting bubbling airs 3 hours at 37 ℃.
Be rich in polyphenols in the leaf of Vaccinium plant, plant polyphenol is oxidized to the quinone of brown under the effect of polyphenoloxidase, and quinone self-polymerization or with the process of protein bound in, color can be deepened gradually until becoming ater.Simultaneously, the leaf of Vaccinium plant resulting black fermented liquid after fermenting can combine with proteinaceous rice meal and/or wheat-flour, forms a kind of firm polymer tunicle, and this tunicle is black, and is glossy, water-soluble hardly.The method for preparing plant carbon black substitute provided by the present invention is utilized these characteristics just, allows rice meal and/or wheat-flour bear the effect of painted carrier, thereby makes a kind of natural edible melanochrome of high yield.Preferably use the bright leaf of the Vaccinium plant of plucking in April and May, that is to say and smash to pieces immediately behind the leaf of plucking Vaccinium plant down and ferment.Wherein, smash to pieces and can in tissue mashing machine, carry out, the mixture that is about to the leaf of Vaccinium plant and deionized water is placed in the tissue mashing machine to be smashed to pieces, and this smashs process to pieces and be preferably under the temperature that is no more than 42 ℃ and carry out, with the polyphenols in the leaf that prevents from destroying the Vaccinium plant.The fermentation of the leaf of Vaccinium plant is aerobic fermentation, can determine rotating speed and the air flow of stirring according to concrete liquid amount.Color at fermented liquid can stop fermentation after the blackening gradually, removes residue (for example by centrifugal or filtration) then, obtains the fermented liquid of the leaf of Vaccinium plant.
In preparation method of the present invention, the rice meal and the wheat-flour that can be used as painted carrier can be any one commercially available rice meal and wheat-flours that meets national standard.To cross according to the certain quality volume ratio in the fermented liquid of the rice meal of 200～300 mesh sieves and/or the leaf that wheat-flour joins the Vaccinium plant, and the two is mixed, it is black to be that the surface of rice meal and/or wheat-flour is dyed fully, can accelerate their mixing by stirring.With the constant weight of mixture evaporate to dryness to the evaporate to dryness thing, at last this evaporate to dryness thing is cooled to room temperature and pulverizing after mixing, namely obtains plant carbon black substitute of the present invention.
Color and luster by the resulting plant carbon black of method of the present invention substitute is shiny black, water-soluble hardly, powdered.The physical property of this plant carbon black substitute and plant carbon black is almost identical, can become the ideal substitute of plant carbon black.
Leaf with the Vaccinium plant provided by the present invention is that the method for feedstock production plant carbon black substitute has the following advantages:
(1) since the leaf that directly adopts fresh Vaccinium plant as raw material, so can effectively utilize in leaf self cell contained polyphenoloxidase and accelerate melanic formation.Both can save the cost of extra interpolation polyphenoloxidase, can save the energy consumption cost that brings for dry bright leaf again.Simultaneously, the Vaccinium plant is widely distributed in the mountain area of China, and the source is sufficient.Use the Vaccinium plant as raw material, can reduce production costs greatly.
(2) since method of the present invention utilized in the fermented liquid of leaf of Vaccinium plant atrament can with the characteristic of rice meal and wheat-flour mortise, allow rice meal and/or wheat-flour as painted carrier.The productive rate of the plant carbon black substitute that makes so just can obtain to improve greatly, for its alternative plant carbon black is cleared away the obstacles in Financial cost.
(3) method of the present invention is served as carrier by using rice meal and/or wheat-flour, solved effectively the leaf of Vaccinium plants such as Fructus Vaccinii Bracteati in the past the melanic moisture absorption, become the defective of paste, therefore bring great convenience for storage transportation and the use of plant carbon black substitute of the present invention.
(4) because method of the present invention is not used any organic solvent and reagent, adopt the raw material of pure natural fully, can stop the generation of benzopyrene substantially.Therefore plant carbon black substitute of the present invention has high security.
Embodiment
For making your auditor can further understand structure of the present invention, feature and other purposes, now be described in detail as follows in conjunction with appended preferred embodiment, illustrated preferred embodiment only is used for explanation technical scheme of the present invention, and non-limiting the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Get the bright leaf of Fructus Vaccinii Bracteati that 1Kg picks up from April, add deionized water 2L, with tissue mashing machine it is smashed to pieces, smash to pieces and prevent in the process that local temperature from surpassing 42 ℃.Be transferred in the there-necked flask of 10L, about 37 ℃ of water-bath, pump into air in certain amount stream while stirring, after 3 hours, remove by filter the slag leaf, the about 2.2L of gained filtrate, be transferred in the pressure kettle commonly used of suitable capacity, add the rice meal after 0.33Kg crosses 300 mesh sieves, fully stir and dye black fully until the ground rice surface, begin to be heated to 120 ℃, evaporating water.After ground rice was well-done, room temperature to be chilled to was crushed to 200～300 orders, namely got plant carbon black substitute, and color and luster is shiny black, and is glossy, and good fluidity is water-soluble hardly, and is basic identical with the plant carbon black physical properties.Among this embodiment, the bright leaf of 1kg is through fully fermenting gained melanochrome, without painted carrier combination, oven dry can only make the melanochrome of about 0.012kg under 120 ℃ of conditions, but after painted carrier combination, it finally can make the melanochrome that is about 0.29kg, and output can improve 24 times.
Embodiment 2
Get the bright leaf of blueberry that 1Kg picks up from May, add deionized water 2L, with tissue mashing machine it is smashed to pieces, smash to pieces and prevent in the process that local temperature from surpassing 42 ℃.Be transferred in the reactor of 10L, about 37 ℃ of water-bath, pump into air in certain amount stream while stirring, after 3 hours, remove by filter the slag leaf, the about 2.2L of gained filtrate, be transferred in the pressure kettle commonly used of suitable capacity, add the commercially available wheat-flour after 0.33Kg crosses 200～300 mesh sieves, abundant stirring is dyed black fully until the wheat-flour surface, begin to be heated to 120 ℃ of evaporating water.After wheat-flour was well-done, room temperature to be chilled to was crushed to 200～300 orders, namely got plant carbon black substitute, and color and luster is shiny black, and is glossy, and good fluidity is water-soluble hardly, and is basic identical with the plant carbon black physical properties.Among this embodiment, the bright leaf of 1kg is through fully fermenting gained melanochrome, without painted carrier combination, oven dry can only make the melanochrome of about 0.011kg under 120 ℃ of conditions, but after painted carrier combination, it finally can make the melanochrome that is about 0.28kg, and output can improve 25 times.
Embodiment 3
Make the embodiment of chocolate cream biscuit respectively of plant carbon black and plant carbon black substitute.Get two parts of flour 500g, a plant carbon black 20g that adds, another part adds plant carbon black substitute 20g, and other batchings are added with identical prescription, after certain working procedure, make two portions of chocolate cream biscuits.Evaluation group with ten four-players carries out sensory evaluation, everyone tastes two kinds of chocolate cream biscuits at random by the sensory evaluation program, press the marking of sense organ similarity then, in full accord making a call to 100 fens wherein, basically identical was made a call to 80 fens, and the identical but differences in appearance of taste is big and outward appearance is identical but taste differs and makes a call to 50 fens more greatly, and difference is very big made a call to 0 fen, desirable intermediate section, evaluation result is: 100 minutes 3; 90～99 minutes 7; 80～89 minutes 3; 50～79 minutes 1,0～50 minute 0, the ratio of basically identical is 92.9%, can think chocolate cream biscuit prescription the alternative substantially plant carbon black of plant carbon black substitute from above data.
Embodiment 4
Make the embodiment of black candy respectively of plant carbon black and plant carbon black substitute.Make prescription by identical candy, take by weighing two parts of candy supplementary materials, a plant carbon black that adds 5.0g/kg, another part adds the plant carbon black substitute of 5.0g/kg, after certain working procedure, makes two portions of black candies.Evaluation group with ten four-players carries out sensory evaluation, everyone tastes two kinds of chocolate cream biscuits at random by the sensory evaluation program, press the marking of sense organ similarity then, in full accord making a call to 100 fens wherein, basically identical was made a call to 80 fens, and the identical but differences in appearance of taste is big and outward appearance is identical but taste differs and makes a call to 50 fens more greatly, and difference is very big made a call to 0 fen, desirable intermediate section, evaluation result is: 100 minutes 4; 90～99 minutes 7; 80～89 minutes 3; 50～79 minutes 0,0～50 minute 0, the ratio of basically identical is 100%, can think the black confectionery formulations the alternative substantially plant carbon black of plant carbon black substitute from above data.
Embodiment 5
The water dissolution experiment embodiment of plant carbon black and plant carbon black substitute.Take by weighing plant carbon black and each 1g of plant carbon black substitute, place the 100ml volumetric flask respectively, earlier with about 50ml distilled water immersion, and at room temperature use the ultrasonic echography 3 minutes of 49kHz, be settled to scale with distilled water then, shake up, filter, getting filtrate, at 200～700nm wavelength region interscan spectrum, is blank with distilled water, find through the collection of illustrative plates comparison, the water soak solution of plant carbon black does not have obvious absorption peaks substantially in 200～700nm wavelength region, and the water soak solution of plant carbon black substitute does not have obvious absorption peaks yet in 200～700nm wavelength region, illustrate that the both is insoluble to distilled water substantially.Therefore, method of the present invention is served as carrier by using rice meal and/or wheat-flour, solved effectively the leaf of Vaccinium plants such as Fructus Vaccinii Bracteati in the past the melanic moisture absorption, become the defective of paste, therefore bring great convenience for storage transportation and the use of plant carbon black substitute of the present invention.
What need statement is that foregoing invention content and embodiment are intended to prove the practical application of technical scheme provided by the present invention, should not be construed as the restriction to protection domain of the present invention.Those skilled in the art are in spirit of the present invention and principle, when doing various modifications, being equal to and replacing or improve.Protection scope of the present invention is as the criterion with appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. method that the leaf with the Vaccinium plant is feedstock production plant carbon black substitute said method comprising the steps of:
(1) preparation leaf fermented liquid: the leaf of Vaccinium plant is immersed in the deionized water, the quality of described leaf is 1: 2 with the ratio of the volume of deionized water, and described leaf smashed to pieces, carry out abundant aerobic fermentation, until fermented liquid color blackening brown gradually, remove residue then, obtain the fermented liquid of the leaf of described Vaccinium plant; Wherein, the leaf of described Vaccinium plant is selected from Blue berry leaf or myrtillin leave; The using-system stamp mill is smashed the described leaf in the deionized water to pieces under being no more than 42 ℃ temperature;
(2) prepare painted carrier: rice meal or wheat-flour are crossed 200～300 mesh sieves, obtain painted carrier; With
(3) preparation plant carbon black substitute: described painted carrier is joined in the described fermented liquid, the ratio of the quality of described painted carrier and the volume of described fermented liquid is 1: 3, abundant mixing, evaporate to dryness is to constant weight under 120 ℃ of temperature, to be cooled to room temperature, be crushed to 200～300 orders, obtain plant carbon black substitute.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the leaf of described Vaccinium plant is the bright leaf of plucking for 4～May.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described aerobic fermentation is that the mixture that will smash to pieces is transferred in the reactor, constantly stirs, and descends lasting bubbling airs 3 hours at 37 ℃.
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| CN103408964B (en) * | 2013-08-15 | 2014-12-10 | 宜兴市红豆杉生态科技有限公司 | Method for improving extraction yield of melanin in Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb by using polyphenol oxidase and tea polyphenol |
Citations (5)
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| CN1651574A (en) * | 2004-02-06 | 2005-08-10 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | Enzymatic synthesis of plant type melanine |
| CN1844116A (en) * | 2006-05-10 | 2006-10-11 | 江南大学 | Extraction separation purification and identification of flavonoid monomers in oriental blueberry melanin |
| CN1939979A (en) * | 2005-09-30 | 2007-04-04 | 福建农林大学 | Extraction of natural melanin from myrtillin leaves |
| CN101019641A (en) * | 2006-02-14 | 2007-08-22 | 黄万金 | Process of producing black food containing plant melanin |
| KR20080022660A (en) * | 2006-09-07 | 2008-03-12 | 정광호 | Functional grain and method for making the same |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1651574A (en) * | 2004-02-06 | 2005-08-10 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | Enzymatic synthesis of plant type melanine |
| CN1939979A (en) * | 2005-09-30 | 2007-04-04 | 福建农林大学 | Extraction of natural melanin from myrtillin leaves |
| CN101019641A (en) * | 2006-02-14 | 2007-08-22 | 黄万金 | Process of producing black food containing plant melanin |
| CN1844116A (en) * | 2006-05-10 | 2006-10-11 | 江南大学 | Extraction separation purification and identification of flavonoid monomers in oriental blueberry melanin |
| KR20080022660A (en) * | 2006-09-07 | 2008-03-12 | 정광호 | Functional grain and method for making the same |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 何志伟等.大孔吸附树脂纯化乌饭树果色素的研究.《食品科技》.2007,(第9期),88-92. |
| 大孔吸附树脂纯化乌饭树果色素的研究;何志伟等;《食品科技》;20071231(第9期);88-92 * |
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