CN102392660B - Three-dimensional pressure-relieving supporting method for prolonging service lives of deep soft rock supports - Google Patents
Three-dimensional pressure-relieving supporting method for prolonging service lives of deep soft rock supports Download PDFInfo
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- CN102392660B CN102392660B CN 201110292520 CN201110292520A CN102392660B CN 102392660 B CN102392660 B CN 102392660B CN 201110292520 CN201110292520 CN 201110292520 CN 201110292520 A CN201110292520 A CN 201110292520A CN 102392660 B CN102392660 B CN 102392660B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of roadway supports in mining engineering, and particularly relates to a three-dimensional pressure-relieving supporting method for prolonging the service lives of deep soft rock supports. The basic steps for implementing the technical scheme of the invention are as follows: a bottom pit position is found in the soft rock roadway construction area of a mine, a bottom pit which is 180mm to 220mm deep is dug, U steels as supports and transversely stressed U steels are laid in the bottom pit, a pressure-relieving reinforcing mesh is hung on the U steels as the supports, a grass curtain is laid on the outside of the pressure-relieving reinforcing mesh, cement-sand mixture filling is sprayed on the outside of the grass curtain, and the construction is carried out sequentially until the whole supports are closed, so that a round retractable pressure-relieving ring with the eight U steels as the supports is formed for supporting and protection. The technical scheme of the invention simultaneously has the effects of bearing, pressure relief and stabilization for the supports of a soft rock roadway, successfully solves the current problems of quick roadway deformation and difficult maintenance existing in soft rock roadway supporting, and integrates pressure relief and supporting together.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to mining engineering shaft and drift supporting technical field, be specifically related to a kind of three-dimensional release supporting method that prolongs the deep soft rock supporting length of service.
Background technology
Along with the demand of the whole world to the energy constantly increases, coal mining also extends to vertical, deep gradually, because the geostatic stress effect is obvious further, the destruction of soft-rock tunnel is increasingly sharpened, in the soft rock mine some are mainly produced back, and the phenomenon that pucking and two is helped to wriggle into is very serious.The mine that has is under the situation that adopts high strength supportings such as timber, i iron, spray, arch and anchor net, obviously distortion still can take place in severe patient in week, will invention partial collapse or two in tens of day help the situation of docking, have a strong impact on the production safety of mine.
Because the soft rock distortion has the characteristics of continuation and rheological characteristic, when original balancing of stresses has been broken in development work, then this moment, soft rock just showed the one side of its rheological characteristic, and not only profit increases suddenly diametrically, lateral force becomes greatly too, and the distortion of Yin Faing generally is difficult to control thus.Usually used traditional approach is for adopting the powerful supporting of a kind of U-shaped steel, and anchor, net and spray combined supporting or pressure-releasing type are built arch etc., and its main points are to strengthen the supporting dynamics, supporting intensity is big, and stress is concentrated, and is little in supporting roadway deformation in early stage, but it is stressed comparatively concentrated, people walk in the tunnel, often can hear the vexed sound of surrounding rock failure, have also sometimes that rubble is stressed to be collapsed, concentrate the later stage at stress, it is serious then to show as roadway deformation, difficult in maintenance, and the greatest problem of its existence is exactly that support time is short.Another kind method is to adopt U-shaped steel to add timber, adopts the release support pattern of waste filling, and this mode thanks to inferior space owing to leaving in the supporting process, stress is concentrated relatively poor, but after pressing, the timber frangibility, empty top phenomenon can occur, spoil take place collapsed and to hurt sb.'s feelings event.
Behind the developing soft rock, according to its rheological behavior, plastic expansion deformation must take place, supporting profit minimum when it develops into maximum plastic expansion degree theoretically, so, want to reach optimum supporting effect, require support pattern must have pressure relief.Simultaneously in conjunction with soft-rock tunnel destructive characteristics in the past as can be known, stress rupture mainly concentrates on top board, base plate and two is helped, as long as there is a side large deformation to occur, the tunnel profit is concentrated again, will cause whole support system unbalance.So, must possess carrying, release and stablize three kinds of effects the supporting of soft-rock tunnel, carrying is to have very strong bearing strength, extenuates distortion on every side; Release is that support has Telescopic, concentrates to extenuate stress; Stable is that protective cradle is stable, in case unbalance stress rolls.
Summary of the invention
Problem at the prior art existence, the invention provides a kind of three-dimensional release supporting method of growing the deep soft rock supporting length of service, unload the purpose that trim ring reaches carrying, release and stable soft-rock tunnel by a kind of circle is flexible, solve the roadway deformation problem fast and difficult in maintenance that in soft rock roadway support, exists at present, constituted release and support integratedization.
Realize that technical scheme of the present invention carries out according to following steps:
(1) at first determines center line and stringcourse at the soft-rock tunnel construction area of mine, find out nest position, the end according to center line and the selected U-shaped steel canopy distance as support, dig deeply in nest position, the end according to center line and stringcourse again, until digging the real end, from the dark end nest of real end excavation 180-220mm, in end nest, lay a U-shaped steel earlier as bottom girder, lateral stressed U-shaped steel of overlap joint is fixed with two clips in centre position at bottom girder, fix with two clips respectively at bottom girder both sides bending position, overlapping a U-shaped steel helps to extend to two, in the centre position of the U-shaped steel of every overlap joint with lateral stressed U-shaped steel of the fixing overlap joint of two clips, lap length is 470-550mm, uses construction to prop up it steady with pull bar temporarily;
(2) between the U-shaped steel bracket that adjacent two bottom girders and two are helped, hang the release steel mesh reinforcement, the both sides selvage of release steel mesh reinforcement is even to be distributed in U-shaped steel outside line, surmount U-shaped steel outward flange 70-90mm, the selvage of release steel mesh reinforcement is stuck in U-shaped steel bracket both sides with the barb form, then straw screen or mat is laid on release steel mesh reinforcement outside, adopt pulp shooting machine shower water silt particle mixed packing, fill the space between straw screen or mat and the country rock, form cement bonded sand mixing packed layer, after the cement bonded sand mixed packing solidifies, fill the waste filling thing to end nest, and lay the stowboard base plate at the waste filling thing, bottom girder and two is helped firmly;
(3) then repeat to overlap U-shaped steel and lateral stressed U-shaped steel as support, lay release steel mesh reinforcement, straw screen or mat, shower water silt particle packed layer, construction successively until the entire bracket sealing, forms one and is stretched as the circle of support by 8 blocks of U-shaped steel and to unload trim ring.
Wherein said release steel mesh reinforcement is by diameter 8mm, and to be that the reinforcing bar of 50mm is crisscross be welded spacing;
Described straw screen or mat thickness is 6-10mm;
Described cement bonded sand mixture is that rubble, water and the accelerating admixture of common 42.5 grades of portland cements, medium sand, diameter 5-10mm mixes, wherein press mass ratio, cement: medium sand: rubble=1:2:2, the addition of accelerating admixture is 3% of cement quality, and must evenly add by the pulp shooting machine feeding port; Described medium sand is the river sand of water content 4-6%;
Described clip comprises 1 card cable screw rod and 1 U-shaped backing plate, and 4 nuts and 4 security protection Capsules wherein block cable bolt moment of torsion allowable variation≤5%;
Described security protection Capsule is the colloid release nut that adds an embedded steel wire at the bolt end that each Naked exposes outside, and links to each other with the release nut of opposite side bolt end by the tree lace of embedded steel wire;
The selected steel of described U-shaped steel are the 36# steel;
The flexible basic structure of unloading trim ring of circle of the present invention is: 8 blocks of U-shaped steel, wherein per two overlap fixing by two clips mutually, form the circular release supporting and protection structure of U-shaped steel, fix a lateral stressed U-shaped steel by two clip overlap joints in the middle of every block of U-shaped steel, be linked with the release steel mesh reinforcement in the U-shaped steel outside, being equipped with straw screen or mat at the release steel mesh reinforcement, is the cement bonded sand filling bed between the exposed country rock in straw screen or mat and tunnel.
Compared with prior art, characteristics of the present invention and beneficial effect are:
The circular release supporting and protection structure of U-shaped steel of the present invention is made up of 8 blocks of U-shaped steel of high strength, 16 clips and 32 combination release bolts, it is the key carrying and release skeleton of roadway support, in the soft rock supporting process, when the country rock initial stage presses, by the circular release supporting and protection structure of U-shaped steel pressure-bearing, to keep the drift section shape; When surrouding rock stress power further strengthens, the mutual changing of the relative positions can take place between U-shaped steel lap, realize flexible release, this moment, bolt was subjected under the effect of shear stress relativity shift to take place also, extenuated the country rock concentrated stress; Under the comprehensive function of clip and release bolt, restricting the further relative slippage of U-shaped steel conversely again, with the bearing stress of reinforced support, the length of service of whole circular supporting and protection structure continuity soft-rock tunnel in " carrying → release → carrying " circulation;
Release steel mesh reinforcement of the present invention is by Φ=8mm, and to be that the 50mm reinforcing bar is crisscross be welded spacing, is supporting skeleton interval pressure relief device; When country rock was pressed the initial stage, surrouding rock stress was carried jointly by the frictional force of the circular release supporting and protection structure of U-shaped steel and wire side and steel bracket and other device; When surrouding rock stress further strengthens, relative slippage will take place with support in wire side, and wire side is for the release of support external drum; To maximum position, namely the barb at wire side edge angles support until the relative slippage of wire side, makes it form one;
The used straw screen or mat major function of the present invention is that the charges that prevent the upper strata collapse to hurt sb.'s feelings under the effect of surrouding rock deformation stress;
Cement bonded sand filling bed of the present invention is by the space between cement and sandstone mixed filling supporting and protection structure and exposed country rock;
8 blocks of lateral stressed U-shaped steel of the present invention have formed lateral stressed band, and main purpose is to prevent from being offset when lateral stressed at circular support, and it is stable to keep support;
The colloid nut 9 of security protection Capsule device of the present invention embedded steel wire outside the bolt end that each Naked exposes outside also links to each other with the nut 9 of opposite side bolt end by the tree lace 12 of embedded steel wire, in case bolt under stressed effect, collapses nut to go out to hurt sb.'s feelings;
In sum, a kind of three release supporting method that prolong the deep soft rock supporting length of service of the present invention, supporting to soft-rock tunnel has possessed carrying, release simultaneously and has stablized three kinds of effects, successfully solve the roadway deformation problem fast and difficult in maintenance that in soft rock roadway support, exists at present, constituted release and support integratedization.
Figure of description
Fig. 1 is roadway support sectional drawing of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the A-A sectional drawing of Fig. 1 of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the B-B sectional drawing of Fig. 1 of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the C-C sectional drawing of Fig. 2 of the present invention;
Wherein: 1: the stowboard base plate; 2: the waste filling thing; 3: straw screen or mat; 4: cement bonded sand mixed filling layer; 5: U-shaped steel; 6: lateral stressed U-shaped steel; 7: the release bolt; 8: the release steel mesh reinforcement; 9: the security protection Capsule; 10: colloid release nut; 11: clip; 12: the tree lace of embedded steel wire.
The specific embodiment
The selected U-shaped steel of the present invention is made for the 36# steel, checks U-shaped steel before the construction, guarantees its flawless, bars such as arc non-trimming, oxide, molten slag, nothing, is constructed under the situation that construction material, facility are made adequate preparation in the following manner successively as hard as crossing phenomenon.
Soft-rock tunnel construction area at mine is determined center line and stringcourse, find out nest position, the end according to center line and the selected U-shaped steel 1 canopy distance as support, dig deeply in nest position, the end according to center line and stringcourse again, until digging the real end, from the dark end nest of real end excavation 180-220mm, in end nest, lay earlier a U-shaped steel 5 as bottom girder, lateral stressed U-shaped steel 6 of overlap joint is fixed with two clips 11 in centre position at bottom girder, fixing with two clips 11 respectively at bottom girder both sides bending position, overlapping a U-shaped steel 5 helps to extend to two, centre position at the U-shaped steel 5 of every overlap joint overlaps a lateral stressed U-shaped steel 6 surely with two clips solid 11, lap length is 470-550mm, uses construction to prop up it steady with pull bar temporarily;
Between the U-shaped steel bracket that adjacent two bottom girders and two are helped, hang by diameter 8mm, spacing is the crisscross release steel mesh reinforcement 8 that is welded of the reinforcing bar of 50mm, the both sides selvage of release steel mesh reinforcement 8 is even to be distributed in U-shaped steel 5 outside lines, surmount U-shaped steel 5 outward flange 70-90mm, the selvage of release steel mesh reinforcement 8 is stuck in U-shaped steel bracket both sides with the barb form, then that 6-10mm is thick straw screen or mat 3 is laid on release steel mesh reinforcement 8 outsides, adopt pulp shooting machine shower water silt particle mixture, fill the space between straw screen or mat and the country rock, form cement bonded sand mixed filling layer 4, after cement bonded sand mixed filling layer 4 solidifies, fill waste filling thing 2 to end nest, and at waste filling thing 2 laying stowboard base plates 1, bottom girder and two is helped firmly;
Then repeat to overlap U-shaped steel 5 and lateral stressed U-shaped steel 6 as support, lay release steel mesh reinforcement 8, straw screen or mat 3, shower water silt particle mixed filling thing, construction successively until the entire bracket sealing, forms one and is stretched as the circle of support by 8 blocks of U-shaped steel and to unload trim ring.
Wherein cement bonded sand mixed filling thing is that rubble, water and the accelerating admixture of common 42.5 grades of portland cements, medium sand, diameter 5-10mm mixes, wherein press mass ratio, cement: medium sand: rubble=1:2:2, the addition of accelerating admixture is 3% of cement quality, and must evenly add by the pulp shooting machine feeding port; Medium sand is the river sand of water content 4-6%;
Security protection Capsule 9 wherein is the colloid release nuts 10 that add an embedded steel wire in release bolt 7 terminations that each Naked exposes outside, and links to each other with the colloid release nut 10 of opposite side bolt end by the tree lace 12 of embedded steel wire.
Claims (7)
1. three-dimensional release supporting method that prolongs the deep soft rock supporting length of service is characterized in that carrying out according to following steps:
(1) at first determines center line and stringcourse at the soft-rock tunnel construction area of mine, find out nest position, the end according to center line and the selected U-shaped steel canopy distance as support, dig deeply in nest position, the end according to center line and stringcourse again, until digging the real end, from the dark end nest of real end excavation 180-220mm, in end nest, lay a U-shaped steel earlier as bottom girder, lateral stressed U-shaped steel of overlap joint is fixed with two clips in centre position at bottom girder, fix with two clips respectively at bottom girder both sides bending position, overlapping a U-shaped steel helps to extend to two, in the centre position of the U-shaped steel of every overlap joint with lateral stressed U-shaped steel of the fixing overlap joint of two clips, lap length is 470-550mm, uses construction to prop up it steady with pull bar temporarily;
(2) between the U-shaped steel bracket that adjacent two bottom girders and two are helped, hang the release steel mesh reinforcement, the both sides selvage of release steel mesh reinforcement is distributed in U-shaped steel outside line, surmount U-shaped steel outward flange 70-90mm, the selvage of release steel mesh reinforcement is stuck in U-shaped steel bracket both sides with the barb form, then straw screen or mat is laid on release steel mesh reinforcement outside, adopt pulp shooting machine shower water silt particle mixed filling thing, fill the space between straw screen or mat and the country rock, form cement bonded sand mixed filling layer, after cement bonded sand mixed filling thing solidifies, fill the waste filling thing to end nest, and lay the stowboard base plate at the waste filling thing, bottom girder and two is helped firmly;
(3) then repeat to overlap U-shaped steel and lateral stressed U-shaped steel as support, lay release steel mesh reinforcement, straw screen or mat, shower water silt particle mixed filling thing, construction successively, until entire bracket sealing, forms one and stretched as the circle of support by 8 blocks of U-shaped steel and to unload trim ring.
2. a kind of three-dimensional release supporting method that prolongs the deep soft rock supporting length of service according to claim 1 is characterized in that described release steel mesh reinforcement by diameter 8mm, and to be that the reinforcing bar of 50mm is crisscross be welded spacing.
3. a kind of three-dimensional release supporting method that prolongs the deep soft rock supporting length of service according to claim 1 is characterized in that described straw screen or mat thickness is 6-10mm.
4. a kind of three-dimensional release supporting method that prolongs the deep soft rock supporting length of service according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described cement bonded sand mixed filling thing is that rubble, water and the accelerating admixture of common 42.5 grades of portland cements, medium sand, diameter 5-10mm mixes, wherein press mass ratio, cement: medium sand: rubble=1:2:2, the addition of accelerating admixture is 3% of cement quality, and must evenly add by the pulp shooting machine feeding port; Described medium sand is the river sand of water content 4-6%.
5. a kind of three-dimensional release supporting method that prolongs the deep soft rock supporting length of service according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described clip comprises 1 card cable screw rod and 1 U-shaped backing plate, 4 nuts and 4 security protection Capsules wherein block cable bolt moment of torsion allowable variation≤5%.
6. a kind of three-dimensional release supporting method that prolongs the deep soft rock supporting length of service according to claim 5, it is characterized in that described security protection Capsule is the colloid release nut that adds an embedded steel wire at the bolt end that each Naked exposes outside, and link to each other with the colloid release nut of opposite side bolt end by the tree lace of embedded steel wire.
7. a kind of three-dimensional release supporting method that prolongs the deep soft rock supporting length of service according to claim 1 is characterized in that the selected steel of described U-shaped steel are the 36# steel.
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| CN 201110292520 CN102392660B (en) | 2011-09-29 | 2011-09-29 | Three-dimensional pressure-relieving supporting method for prolonging service lives of deep soft rock supports |
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| CN 201110292520 CN102392660B (en) | 2011-09-29 | 2011-09-29 | Three-dimensional pressure-relieving supporting method for prolonging service lives of deep soft rock supports |
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| CN102767381A (en) * | 2012-07-17 | 2012-11-07 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Mining safety protection frame with self-cutting and self-discharging functions |
| CN108049890A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-05-18 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | A kind of suspension device and method for protecting support to empty lane |
| CN113216234B (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2023-02-03 | 上海市城市建设设计研究总院（集团）有限公司 | Construction method of open caisson bottom sealing and bottom plate connecting device |
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| DE3806126A1 (en) * | 1988-02-26 | 1989-09-07 | Neuero Stahlbau Gmbh & Co | CLOSED EXTENSION FOR IN PARTICULAR UNDERGROUND PIT ROUTES |
| CN101749034B (en) * | 2010-02-10 | 2011-09-21 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Shoring method for prolonging service cycle of soft rock laneway |
| CN201661301U (en) * | 2010-03-15 | 2010-12-01 | 徐州矿务集团有限公司 | U-shaped steel bracket for controlling expansion of buffering cushion block filled in large-deformation soft rock tunnel |
| CN102011595B (en) * | 2010-10-28 | 2013-12-11 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Coal rock tunnel impact retraction energy-absorbing support device |
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