CN102388925B - Plant-sourced bactericide for controlling bacterial wilt of tobacco - Google Patents

Plant-sourced bactericide for controlling bacterial wilt of tobacco Download PDF

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CN102388925B
CN102388925B CN 201110317994 CN201110317994A CN102388925B CN 102388925 B CN102388925 B CN 102388925B CN 201110317994 CN201110317994 CN 201110317994 CN 201110317994 A CN201110317994 A CN 201110317994A CN 102388925 B CN102388925 B CN 102388925B
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crude extract
coloured amaranth
tobacco
plant
sourced
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CN102388925A (en
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廖晓兰
张亚
苏品
黄璜
刘双清
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Hunan Agricultural University
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural chemicals, particularly relates to the field of plant-sourced bactericides and specifically provides a plant-sourced bactericide for controlling bacterial wilt of tobacco. The main active constituents of the plant-sourced bactericide for controlling bacterial wilt of tobacco are amaranth crude extract and sterile water, wherein each milliliter of the plant-sourced bactericide contains 0.17-0.5 mg of the amaranth crude extract. The plant-sourced bactericide for controlling bacterial wilt of tobacco has the advantages as follows: 1, the raw material of the amaranth crude extract is convenient to obtain and the amaranth crude extract can be produced industrially and can be applied by farmers; 2, the effect of the plant-sourced bactericide is obvious and the median inhibitory concentration EC50 is 0.0415 mg/mL; the effect of the plant-sourced bactericide for controlling bacterial wilt of potted tobacco is 77.00-90.29 percent and is obviously higher than the effects of streptomycin sulphate and other conventional plant-sourced bactericides for controlling bacterial wilt of tobacco; and 3, the amaranth crude extract is high in efficiency, low in toxicity, nuisanceless, and safe to environment.

Description

A kind of botanical fungicide of preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of pesticide, particularly the botanical fungicide field, be specifically related to a kind of plant resource sterilization that prevents and treats tobacco bacterial wilt.
Background technology
Three-coloured amaranth is to take young stem and leaf in Amaranthaceae (Amaranthaceae) Amaranthus to be the annual herb plant of food, is rich in multiple nutritional components.The Amaranthus whole world approximately has 40 kinds, and China has more than 20 to plant, distributed more widely, originates in the torrid zone and the subtropical zone in Central America and Southeast Asia, and China is also one of original producton location of Amaranthus.Three-coloured amaranth has two large classes, and a class is to using the leaf vegetables amaranth edible as vegetables, and another kind of is mainly the Grain Production of Amaranthus of results seed, originates from Central America or South America.The principal item of vegetables amaranth is Amaranthus tricolor, originates from South Asia or Southeast Asia, and expands to gradually subtropical and tropical zones, and this vegetables are very common on ordinary other dining table of China.More in the cultivation of areas to the south, the Yangtze river basin at present, be a kind of nutrition type green vegetables.
Existing result of study shows: the vegetables amaranth drought-enduring anti-lean, diseases and insect pests resistance is strong, its nutrition is very abundant, contains amino acid, fatty acid and trace element etc., is a kind of natural nuisanceless green functional food.The country such as the U.S., Britain has set up the factory that extracts leaf protein according to the characteristics of three-coloured amaranth, list the three-coloured amaranth leaf protein in various nutritious recipes; The heat that the every 100g fresh material of emarginate amaranth herb or seed contains 218kJ is thought in the researchs such as Tang Yechang, and other nutrition are also quite abundant.Particularly the protein content in the three-coloured amaranth seed is all higher than content in frequently seen plants seed, just low than the content in soybean, contained carotin is higher more than 2 times than solanaceous vegetables, the content of its iron is higher 1 times than spinach, the content of calcium is high 3 times than spinach, can be human body abundant nutriment is provided, be conducive to improve the health, improve the immunity of body; In addition, also contain rutin, Quercetin, MF59, small peptide (lunasin) etc.Yet three-coloured amaranth is not containing oxalic acid, its calcium, iron are easy to be absorbed and used after entering human body, the leading role on the dining table of still losing weight, and normal food can be lost weight, and promotes toxin expelling, prevents constipation.
In recent years, along with deepening continuously of three-coloured amaranth research, people study the chloroform extract of finding three-coloured amaranth Aeromonas sobria (Aeromonas sobria), Escherichia coli (E.coli), Listeria (L.monocytogenes), detection of Salmonella (Salmonella spp.), staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) are had to very high antibacterial ability, and extract and separated active substance diethyl phthalate (Di-ethyl phtalate).Rizzello etc. have extracted antimycotic active peptide in the seed water extract of Grain Production of Amaranthus.Lina etc. extract and have separated the peptide with antibacterial activity in the seed of Grain Production of Amaranthus, and this active peptide has bacteriostasis to Candida albicans (Candida albicans), Trichoderma (Trichoderma sp.), Fusarinm solani (Fusrium solani), penicillium chrysogenum (Penicillium chryso-genum), lichee sour germ (Geotrichum candidum), aspergillus candidus (Aspergillus candidus), Alternariaspp (Altemaria alterata) etc.Also have in addition research to think that the ethanol extract of emarginate amaranth herb or seed also has antibacterial action to above multiple pathogenic microorganisms, and the protein extracted from three-coloured amaranth have significant inhibitory action to cucumber mosaic virus (CMV).Yet, current research only limits to adopt the discussion of three-coloured amaranth crude extract to food pollution bacterium and part pathomycete, and less to the research of plant malignant bacteria and fungi, the present invention is based on this point, select the three-coloured amaranth Leave extract to be studied the control effect of tobacco bacterial wilt.
Tobacco bacterial wilt is the vegetative bacteria soil-borne disease, is the important disease of the torrid zone, subtropics and some warm regional tobaccos.At present China Yangtze river basin and on the south the cigarette district generally occur, wherein with Guangdong, Fujian, Taiwan, Hunan, Jiangxi, east Guangxi, Southern Anhui Province, Sichuan, Chongqing and Guizhou local cigarette district, cause harm seriously, indivedual times are outbreak of epidemic usually, cause crushing loss, and this disease there is the trend of north cigarette district diffusion.The tobacco bacterial wilt germ is a kind of soil inhabitant, on main plant invalid body in soil, survives the winter, usually can in soil, survive several years, and can be along with number of ways wide-scale distribution such as flowing water, rhizosphere contact and farming operations.This fungus strain complexity, the host is extensive, except the harm tobacco, also can infect nearly 50 section's 300 various plants that comprise tomato, peanut, potato, banana etc.So the control of tobacco bacterial wilt is very difficult, the control of this disease is a great problem of academia always, extremely payes attention to.
At present for this disease, in production, be mainly adopt rice field-upland field rotation and stop the field phase and spread fertilizer over the fields the agricultural measures such as lime disinfection and prevented and treated, but rice field-upland field rotation is subject to the restriction of Environment and Cultivation condition, implements more difficult; But spread fertilizer over the fields the lime mitigate the disease though stop the field phase, easily cause soil compaction.Breeding for disease resistance work also faces very large difficulty.People attempt screening some antibiotic and prevent and treat for Ralstonia solanacearum, and as streptomycin, tetracycline, penicillin, actinin ketone etc., but effect is all not ideal enough.In chemical control, although indoor toxicity test filters out much, ralstonia solanacearum is had to better inhibiting chemical agent, but control efficiency is unstable, be difficult to control disease, also do not have up to now a kind of chemical pesticide can effectively control the generation of bacterial wilt.Therefore, most scientific research person tries to explore the biological control tobacco bacterial wilt.
Research in the past, mainly adopt three-coloured amaranth leaf and seed crude extract research medical treatment, food pollution bacterium and part contaminant, and the present invention, on the basis of early-stage Study, has studied the control effect of three-coloured amaranth crude extract to tobacco bacterial wilt.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, provides a kind of and can substitute the traditional chemical bactericide, the good botanical fungicide to the control efficiency of tobacco bacterial wilt.This botanical fungicide can effectively be prevented and treated tobacco bacterial wilt.
One of technical scheme of the present invention:
A kind of botanical fungicide, main active ingredient is the three-coloured amaranth crude extract, the quality that wherein in every milliliter of botanical fungicide, contains the three-coloured amaranth crude extract is 0.17 milligram~0.5 milligram.The quality that contains the three-coloured amaranth crude extract in preferred every milliliter of botanical fungicide is 0.5 milligram.
The preparation method of described three-coloured amaranth crude extract is: the three-coloured amaranth leaf cleaning is dried, grind and obtain three-coloured amaranth juice, then be 40 ℃-45 ℃ with Rotary Evaporators in temperature, under the condition that rotating speed is 110r/min-120r/min, rotation is evaporated to paste, obtain paste, be described three-coloured amaranth crude extract.
Botanical fungicide of the present invention, can be formed by three-coloured amaranth crude extract and sterile water, the quality that wherein in every milliliter of botanical fungicide, contains the three-coloured amaranth crude extract is for being 0.17 milligram~0.5 milligram, and the quality that contains the three-coloured amaranth crude extract in preferred every milliliter of botanical fungicide is 0.5 milligram.
The application of botanical fungicide of the present invention aspect the control tobacco bacterial wilt.
Two of technical scheme of the present invention:
The invention provides the application of three-coloured amaranth crude extract aspect preparation control tobacco bacterial wilt botanical fungicide.
Compared with prior art, the advantage that the present invention has is:
1, botanical fungicide of the present invention is effective, concentration EC in its inhibition 50for 0.0415mg/mL, protection effect has preferably reached 90.29%, apparently higher than the protection effect of existing tobacco bacterial wilt bactericide.
2, three-coloured amaranth crude extract bionic pesticide toxicity is low, nuisanceless, environmentally safe, and convenient the use is cost-saving again.
3, cost of the present invention is low, is easy to large scale application, and potted plant tobacco bacterial wilt control efficiency, between 77.00~90.29%, is significantly higher than the protection effect of existing tobacco bacterial wilt bactericide.
4, three-coloured amaranth crude extract selectivity is strong, to the person poultry safety.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the antagonistic effect figure of three-coloured amaranth crude extract to tobacco ralstonia solanacearum.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with concrete test and embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described further, the percentage related in test of the present invention and embodiment is mass percent.
Three-coloured amaranth crude extract used in the present invention can grind the three-coloured amaranth blade to get its juice, production technology maturation with mortar; The raw material supply abundance, and be renewable resources; The acquisition approach is various, but both scaled artificial plantings also can gather Wild plant.
Embodiment 1:
One, experimental instrument
HG-303 type electrothermal drying incubator (Nanjing experimental instrument factory); RE-52A type rotation concentration and evaporation instrument (Shanghai Yarong Biochemical Instrument Plant); LDZX-30KBS vertical pressure steam sterilizing disinfecting device (Shenan Medical Appliances Factory, Shanghai); SW-CJ-2FD type clean work station (SuZhou Antai Air Tech Co., Ltd.); BCD-23O refrigerator (Haier group company); AUW-220 electronic balance (Japanese Shimadzu company); The artificial knapsack sprayer of workers and peasants-16 type (Agricultural University Of Hunan's biocontainment laboratory provides); The common test articles for use such as mortar, graduated cylinder, beaker, pan paper, culture dish, ruler, card punch, test tube, liquid-transfering gun, plastic basin all have bio-safety science and technology institute of Agricultural University Of Hunan to provide.
Two, experiment reagent
2,3 of the present invention's use, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC is bought by Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., Sinopharm Group); Streptomycin sulphate, (by North China pharmacy institutional purchase); 77% can kill to obtain Wettable Powder (being bought by company of U.S. China Telecom); 25% carbendazol wettable powder (being bought by Sichuan Guoguang Agricultural Chemicals Co., Ltd.); 3% gram bacterium health soluble powder (triumphant sharp biological products Co., Ltd buys by Xiamen); Other common agents such as beef extract, peptone, agar (Co., Ltd buys by the biochemical Beijing of sky root); The sterile water of test use is provided by bio-safety science and technology institute of Agricultural University Of Hunan.
Three, bacterial classification and tobacco bred
The tobacco ralstonia solanacearum reference culture, provided by Agricultural University Of Hunan's plant pathology laboratory; Tobacco bred is K326.
Four, the preparation of three-coloured amaranth crude extract
After having been rinsed to earth, dries fresh three-coloured amaranth blade water, use mortar that blade is ground and obtains fresh three-coloured amaranth juice, re-using Rotary Evaporators is 40 ℃~45 ℃ in temperature, the condition rotary evaporation that rotating speed is 110r/min~120r/min is to paste, finally paste is put in triangular flask, is placed in 4 ℃ of refrigerators standby.
Five, the three-coloured amaranth crude extract detects the antagonistic activity of tobacco ralstonia solanacearum
Adopt the plate punch method.By tobacco ralstonia solanacearum suspension (1 * 10 8cfu/mL) 200 μ L evenly coat on the beef extract-peptone agar plate, then punching
Figure BDA0000100126480000051
in crude extract hand-hole to be measured, every hole 50 μ L, cultivate 24h for 28 ℃, observes antibacterial situation and inhibition zone size, and each is processed 3 times and repeats.
Six, the Toxicity Determination of three-coloured amaranth crude extract to tobacco ralstonia solanacearum
According to carrying out the preliminary experiment result early stage, the three-coloured amaranth crude extract is made into respectively with sterile water to concentration is 0.5,0.25,0.17,0.125, each 1L of standard liquid of 0.1mg/mL, be placed in refrigerator standby.
The tobacco ralstonia solanacearum bacterium solution preparation
Method with reference to Fang Zhongda, after first tobacco ralstonia solanacearum (bacterium) being cultivated to 24h on the beef extract-peptone agar slant culture-medium, slowly add the slight vibration of sterile water that bacterium is washed and be made into bacterial suspension in sterile water, adopting TTC culture medium flat plate counting method compound concentration is 1 * 10 8bacterial suspension.
Seven, the indoor bacteria inhibition assay of tobacco ralstonia solanacearum
Containing 1 * 10 8in the test tube of bacterial suspension, adding respectively three-coloured amaranth crude extract concentration is 0.5, 0.25, 0.17, 0.125, 0.1mg/mL, streptomycin sulphate concentration is 0.8, 0.4, 0.2, 0.1, 0.05mg/mL, can kill to such an extent that concentration is 10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625mg/mL, carbendazim concentration is 2, 1, 0.5, 0.25, 0.125mg/mL, gram bacterium health concentration is 4, 2, 1, 0.5, 0.25mg/mL, and take clear water as contrast, standing 0.5h under room temperature, then getting 0.1mL is coated with on the TTC beef-protein medium containing the bacterial suspension of medicament, be placed in 28 ℃ of dark 48h of cultivation, calculate viable count, every processing repeats for 3 times.Then, by colony growth, suppress the linear regression analysis (y=a+bX) between probable value and extract concentrations logarithm value, obtain the three-coloured amaranth extract to concentration EC in the effective inhibition for examination tobacco Ralstonia solanacearum 50(mg/mL).
Embodiment 2:
The potted plant experiment of three-coloured amaranth crude extract to tobacco bacterial wilt
Potted plant experiment is chosen in Agricultural University Of Hunan's plants hospital's green house and carries out, first the tobacco seedling cultivated is transplanted in plastic basin, adopt stem's percutaneous puncture-inoculation tobacco ralstonia solanacearum after transplanting 10d, keep 29~32 ℃ of canopy temperature daytimes, 21~24 ℃ of evenings, humidity is 90%, so that the tobacco in different basin evenly falls ill.Potted plant experiment be divided into be 6 processing: 0.5,0.25,0.17,0.125,0.1mg/mL three-coloured amaranth crude extract and 0.82mg/mL streptomycin sulphate process, and take clear water as blank, every processing needs 100 of cigarette seedlings, every processing repeats 3 times, in the disease phase dispenser of starting, every 10d, executes medicine 1 time, dispenser is 3 times altogether, each artificial knapsack sprayer dispenser of workers and peasants-16 type for test, take squirt the leave dual sides liquid just not lower be to spend, use amount of liquid medicine 5kg/ hundred strains.
Sampling and investigation:
Incidence at treatment region and check plot investigation tobacco bacterial wilt.The other influences of investigation to crop; Observe and whether have poisoning to produce, have poisoning to record the poisoning degree; Sample adopts five point samplings, selects representational cigarette strain 100 strains as the fixed point strain, is being that after wanting, 7d is investigated respectively.Press the severity Scaling standard, record incidence, calculate and respectively process diseased plant rate, disease index and control efficiency.Sampling method, grade scale and disease index are undertaken by national tobacco business tobacco diseases investigation grade scale GB/T23222-2008, and control efficiency is undertaken by tobacco diseases test of pesticide effectiveness method Yc/40-1996.Each rank grade scale and computational methods are as follows as a result:
0 grade: complete stool is anosis.
1 grade: stem is even the chlorisis spot, or the following blade of sick side 1/2nd is wilting.
3 grades: there is the black streak in stem, but is no more than stem Senior Two/mono-, or sick side 1/2nd to 2/3rds blades are wilting.
5 grades: stem's black streak surpasses stem Senior Two/mono-, but does not arrive top, or sick side 2/3rds is wilting with blade.
7 grades: stem's black streak arrives the stem top, or the diseased plant blade is all wilting.
9 grades: diseased plant is substantially withered.
The drug effect computational methods:
Figure BDA0000100126480000071
Figure BDA0000100126480000072
Results and analysis:
The antagonistic effect of three-coloured amaranth crude extract to tobacco ralstonia solanacearum
As shown in Figure 1, the three-coloured amaranth crude extract is had to stronger inhibition to tobacco ralstonia solanacearum, this result proves that three-coloured amaranth crude extract of the present invention has inhibitory action to plant disease, and obtains the conclusion that tobacco bacterial wilt is had to antagonistic effect.
The Toxicity Determination result of three-coloured amaranth crude extract to tobacco ralstonia solanacearum
As can be seen from Table 1, the three-coloured amaranth crude extract is the strongest to the virulence of tobacco ralstonia solanacearum, its EC 50for 0.0415mg/mL, secondly be streptomycin sulphate, the virulence of remaining medicament is followed successively by from big to small: gram bacterium health>carbendazim>can kill, therefore, the three-coloured amaranth crude extract has inhibition preferably to tobacco ralstonia solanacearum, be better than existing tobacco bacterial wilt bactericide, can effectively control the generation of tobacco ralstonia solanacearum.In addition, because the three-coloured amaranth crude extract belongs to bioactivator, environmentally safe, efficient, nontoxic, do not have the pesticide resistance problem, there is the possibility of further exploitation bionic pesticide.
The Toxicity Determination of table 1 three-coloured amaranth crude extract to tobacco ralstonia solanacearum
Figure BDA0000100126480000081
The potted plant experiment effect of three-coloured amaranth crude extract to tobacco bacterial wilt:
As shown in Table 2, the protection effect after 3 dispensers is followed successively by: the protection effect of the protection effect of protection effect>for the second time>for the third time for the first time, illustrate in the certain hour scope, and the control tobacco ralstonia solanacearum is more early better.From the three-coloured amaranth crude extract of different concentration, analyze, when the concentration of three-coloured amaranth crude extract is 0.5mg/mL, protection effect has preferably reached 90.29%, along with the reduction of three-coloured amaranth crude extract concentration, protection effect reduces gradually, and wherein three-coloured amaranth crude extract concentration is when 0.17~0.5mg/mL, the protection effect of variable concentrations crude extract, all higher than the control effect of streptomycin sulphate, above some be presented in certain three-coloured amaranth concentration range, the anti-disease substance in crude extract is stronger than the activity of streptomycin sulphate.When three-coloured amaranth crude extract concentration is 0.1~0.125mg/mL, the protection effect of three-coloured amaranth crude extract is lower than streptomycin sulphate, and its poorest protection effect is 66.88%, and this three-coloured amaranth crude extract protection effect that low concentration was described is poor.Therefore, the three-coloured amaranth crude extract to the optimum diseases prevention scope of tobacco ralstonia solanacearum between 77.00~90.29%; The results of analysis of variance shows: significant difference between the processing of variable concentrations three-coloured amaranth crude extract, wherein, when three-coloured amaranth crude extract concentration is 0.5mg/mL, protection effect difference is extremely remarkable.
The potted plant control effect of table 2 variable concentrations three-coloured amaranth crude extract to tobacco ralstonia solanacearum
Figure BDA0000100126480000091
Annotate: the numerical value in table is mean value 3 times; Different lowercases mean significant difference (p<0.05), and different capitalizations mean utmost point significant difference (p<0.01).
Evaluating drug
The three-coloured amaranth crude extract has control efficiency preferably to tobacco bacterial wilt, and wherein when three-coloured amaranth crude extract concentration is 0.17~0.5mg/mL, protection effect, 77.00%~90.29%, apparently higher than the protection effect of streptomycin sulphate, and has reached utmost point significance level.Because this crude extract protection effect is stable, efficient, safe, pollution-free, be the good crude extract of control tobacco bacterial wilt.In addition, according to system after medicine, observe, have no obvious poisoning during reagent and occur, each test medicine has no adverse effects to plant growth.

Claims (4)

1. a botanical fungicide, is characterized in that, main active ingredient is the three-coloured amaranth crude extract, and the quality that wherein in every milliliter of botanical fungicide, contains the three-coloured amaranth crude extract is 0.17 milligram ~ 0.5 milligram; The preparation method of described three-coloured amaranth crude extract is: the three-coloured amaranth leaf cleaning is dried, grind and obtain three-coloured amaranth juice, then be 40 ℃-45 ℃ with Rotary Evaporators in temperature, under the condition that rotating speed is 110r/min-120 r/min, rotation is evaporated to paste, obtain paste, be described three-coloured amaranth crude extract.
2. botanical fungicide according to claim 1, is characterized in that, three-coloured amaranth crude extract and sterile water, consists of, and the quality that wherein in every milliliter of botanical fungicide, contains the three-coloured amaranth crude extract is 0.5 milligram.
3. the application of the described botanical fungicide of one of claim 1-2 aspect the control tobacco bacterial wilt.
4. the application of three-coloured amaranth crude extract aspect preparation control tobacco bacterial wilt botanical fungicide; The preparation method of described three-coloured amaranth crude extract is consistent with the preparation method of three-coloured amaranth crude extract in claim 1.
CN 201110317994 2011-10-19 2011-10-19 Plant-sourced bactericide for controlling bacterial wilt of tobacco Expired - Fee Related CN102388925B (en)

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CN103262862B (en) * 2013-05-29 2014-06-04 湖南农业大学 Method for extracting plant active substance capable of inhibiting bacterial wilt of tobacco
CN103238634B (en) * 2013-05-29 2014-09-10 湖南农业大学 Application of amaranthus in plant disease prevention and treatment
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