CN102385955B - 有至少一条超导性电缆的装置 - Google Patents

有至少一条超导性电缆的装置 Download PDF

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CN102385955B
CN102385955B CN201110256603.4A CN201110256603A CN102385955B CN 102385955 B CN102385955 B CN 102385955B CN 201110256603 A CN201110256603 A CN 201110256603A CN 102385955 B CN102385955 B CN 102385955B
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cryostat
cable
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electric conductivity
superconducting cable
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CN102385955A (zh
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R.索伊卡
B.维斯特
M.斯泰摩尔
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Nexans SA
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B12/00Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines
    • H01B12/02Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines characterised by their form
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/02Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B11/00Communication cables or conductors
    • H01B11/02Cables with twisted pairs or quads
    • H01B11/06Cables with twisted pairs or quads with means for reducing effects of electromagnetic or electrostatic disturbances, e.g. screens
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B12/00Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B12/00Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines
    • H01B12/16Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines characterised by cooling
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02GINSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G15/00Cable fittings
    • H02G15/34Cable fittings for cryogenic cables
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10NELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N60/00Superconducting devices
    • H10N60/01Manufacture or treatment
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/60Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment

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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种有至少一条超导性电缆(1)的装置,电缆装在一个用于导引冷却剂的低温恒温器内,该低温恒温器有至少一个隔热的金属管。在低温恒温器外面安置导电性能良好的材料,该导电材料由至少两股绞束(6、7)组成,它们围绕低温恒温器(KR)卷绕成两层有相反扭绞方向彼此叠置的材料层。所述绞束(6、7)在沿轴向间隔安置的多个固定点(8)上牢固及不能移动地与低温恒温器(KR)连接。

Description

有至少一条超导性电缆的装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种有至少一条超导性电缆的装置,电缆装在一个用于导引冷却剂的低温恒温器内,该低温恒温器有至少一个隔热的金属管,其中在低温恒温器外面设有贴靠在低温恒温器上的、导电性能良好的材料(EP2071589A1)。
背景技术
超导性电缆有至少一个由特殊材料制的电导体,它在足够低的温度下转变为超导性状态。此时这种导体的直流电阻等于零。适用的材料例如是YBCO(钇-钡-铜-氧化物)或者BiSCCO(铋-锶-钙-铜-氧化物)。对于这种材料为了达到超导性状态,所述足够低的温度例如在4K与110K之间。适用的冷却剂例如是处于气态或液态的氮、氦、氖和氢或这些物质的混合物。已知一些有冷电介质和有热电介质的超导性电缆。
在有冷电介质的超导性电缆中,超导性导体被一个由绝缘材料组成的电介质层围绕,其中,一种液态冷却剂作为浸渍剂存在于电介质(绝缘)内。这种电缆例如由作为内导体的导体和同心于其配置的屏蔽或回路导体组成,它们通过电介质彼此分开和保持距离。一条相应的电缆被一个导引冷却剂的低温恒温器围绕,该低温恒温器例如由两个同心的、通过隔热装置彼此隔离的金属管组成。
有热电介质的超导性电缆有一个导体,它直接装在一个导引冷却剂的低温恒温器内。在此,电介质和屏蔽或回路导体安置在低温恒温器外部并贴靠在低温恒温器上。
在所有具有超导性电缆的已知装置中,无论有冷或有热的电介质,电导体的尺寸必须设计为,使得在短路情况下的电能输入不会导致电缆损坏和/或不允许的发热。这要求导体有足够大的导电截面和该装置相应地巨大的尺寸。此外,这种由低温恒温器和被环绕的超导性电缆组成的装置在其工作时必须穿入电缆通道中。为此在低温恒温器外面固定一个牵拉机构,由此使得装置的尺寸进一步加大。电缆通道的内部净宽度也必须适应这种比较大的尺寸。
在按前言提及的EP2071589A1已知的装置中,由导电性能良好的材料组成、与一个被低温恒温器围绕的超导性电缆连接的普通导体,贴靠在低温恒温器外面。因此,所述普通导体处于室温状态并由此尤其处于电缆工作时有效的冷却区之外。在这种装置中,在短路情况下加入的电能不是低温恒温器内部冷却系统的负荷。这种由电缆和低温恒温器组成的装置在其铺设时同样穿入电缆通道内。为此按已知的技术将已提及的昂贵的牵拉机构安置在低温恒温器外面。这种装置的外尺寸相应地比较大。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于,将前言所述装置设计为能减小它的径向尺寸。
按本发明为解决该技术问题所采取的措施是,
-所述导电性能良好的材料由至少两股绞束组成,它们围绕低温恒温器卷绕成两层有相反扭绞方向彼此叠置的材料层,以及
-所述绞束在沿轴向间隔安置的多个固定点处牢固以及不能移动地与低温恒温器连接。
这种装置的超导性电缆可以减小径向尺寸,因为不存在直接围绕它的普通导电屏蔽层。屏蔽的功能由设在低温恒温器外面贴靠在低温恒温器上的绞束承担,它们安置为至少两个有相应导电截面的材料层。因此它们也可以导引大的短路电流,但由于它们设置在低温恒温器外面而不会对超导性电缆的冷却系统形成负载。因为减小了超导性电缆的尺寸,低温恒温器的尺寸同样可以减小。由于所述绞束缠绕低温恒温器并在沿轴向间隔的多个部位处与该低温恒温器牢固连接,从而显著提高低温恒温器或整个装置的抗拉强度,其中,绞束本身也起抗拉元件的作用。因此整个装置可例如借助简单的拉索或牵引套(这两者沿径向没有明显鼓起)穿入电缆通道中。因此电缆通道同样可以有较小的内部净宽度。为了能将所述超导电缆装置穿入即便较长的电缆通道中,将拉索或牵引套安装在所述超导电缆装置的始端。最后可以重新去除所述拉索或牵引套。
附图说明
下面借助附图对本发明的一种实施例予以详细说明。附图中:
图1表示按本发明的装置的横截面;以及
图2表示按图1所示装置的侧视图,其中为清晰表示,有些层被局部去除。
具体实施方式
由导电性能良好的材料组成的绞束可以用铜或铝或这些材料的合金制成。作为所有可能的实施形式的代表,它们在下面也称为“铜线束”。
使用在按本发明的装置中的超导性电缆有利地设计为有冷电介质的电缆。在下面将其简称为“电缆”。围绕电缆的低温恒温器有至少一根隔热的金属管。在图示的实施例中,它由两个互相同心配置的金属管组成,在它们之间安置隔热层。这些管横向于其纵向可以被制成波浪形。在低温恒温器内也可以安放两根以上的电缆。
图1所示的电缆设计为有冷电介质的单相电缆。它有一个电缆芯1,其中安置一个用超导性材料制的、工作时处于高压电位的内导体,该内导体至少被电介质围绕。电缆芯1连同贯通的间隙空腔2被置入一个低温恒温器KR内。该低温恒温器KR如已提及的那样由两个同心的金属管3和4组成,它们通过一个环形空腔5彼此分开,该环形空腔内有绝热层。为了冷却电缆的超导性导体,一种冷却剂例如液氮通过低温恒温器KR导引。在低温恒温器KR外面设置普通导体NL,它贴靠在低温恒温器KR上或其外管4上。它与低温恒温器KR导电连接,所以这些部分处于相同的电位。
普通导体NL由至少两股铜线束6和7组成,它们以相反的扭绞或扭捻方向围绕低温恒温器KR卷绕成两个叠置的材料层。有利地,这两股铜线束6和7的扭绞节矩相等。铜线束6和7可以设计为圆导线、带材或按优选的实施形式设计为异型导线。出于机械力学上的理由,它们以尽可能大的扭绞节矩围绕低温恒温器KR卷绕,为的是使它们沿低温恒温器KR周向不承受显著负载地能够承受沿低温恒温器KR轴向施加的拉力。但在这里还可以从电流分布的观点来考虑。为避免在正常工作时可能的大电流,这两个铜线束6和7的扭绞节矩也可以设计为比基于机械力学的理由采用的理想扭绞节矩更短。
普通导体NL有至少两股铜线束6和7,由此在所述装置受拉力负荷时在该装置上不施加扭矩。也可以设置比两层更多的铜线束材料层,铜线束的数量始终是“2”的倍数。
铜线束6和7在沿轴向间隔的多个固定点8处周向牢固地与低温恒温器KR固定连接,由此进一步提高低温恒温器KR的轴向稳定性,从而可以直接和没有沿轴向不希望地拉伸低温恒温器KR的情况下承受施加在其上的拉力。固定点8可例如借助箍圈或绑箍形成,它们以足够的紧配合捆绑包绕围绕低温恒温器KR并贴靠在低温恒温器KR上的铜线束6和7。

Claims (1)

1.一种带有至少一条超导性电缆的装置,该超导性电缆装在一个用于导引冷却剂的低温恒温器内,该低温恒温器有至少一个隔热的金属管,其中,在低温恒温器外面设有导电性能良好的材料,所述导电性能良好的材料具有普通导电屏蔽层的功能并且贴靠在该低温恒温器上,其特征为:
-所述导电性能良好的材料也起到抗拉元件的作用,并且所述导电性能良好的材料由至少两股绞束(6、7)组成,它们围绕低温恒温器(KR)卷绕成两层以相反的扭绞方向彼此叠置的材料层,以及
-所述绞束(6、7)在沿轴向间隔安置的多个固定点(8)处牢固并不能移动地与低温恒温器(KR)连接,在所述固定点(8)处分别有一个箍圈或绑箍包绕所述环绕低温恒温器(KR)的绞束(6、7)。
CN201110256603.4A 2010-09-02 2011-09-01 有至少一条超导性电缆的装置 Expired - Fee Related CN102385955B (zh)

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US20120055172A1 (en) 2012-03-08

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