CN102384886A - Rock electrokinetic permeability measurement method - Google Patents

Rock electrokinetic permeability measurement method Download PDF

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CN102384886A
CN102384886A CN2010102698255A CN201010269825A CN102384886A CN 102384886 A CN102384886 A CN 102384886A CN 2010102698255 A CN2010102698255 A CN 2010102698255A CN 201010269825 A CN201010269825 A CN 201010269825A CN 102384886 A CN102384886 A CN 102384886A
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core sample
experiment
core
electric
potential
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程希
孙宝钿
杜环虹
李新
路涛
胡恒山
王军
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China National Petroleum Corp
China Petroleum Logging Co Ltd
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China National Petroleum Corp
China Petroleum Logging Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention relates to a rock electrokinetic permeability measurement method. A core sample is placed in a streaming potential experiment core holder or an electroosmosis experiment core holder, and the confining pressure is kept at 1.2Mpa. In a streaming potential experiment, the alternating pressure generated by a vibrating diaphragm is utilized to push saline water to cyclically reciprocate, so that pressure difference is produced between both ends of the core sample, and when the saline water flows through the core sample, because of the affection of the double-electrode layer effect in the core sample, part of movable charged ions can move along with the saline water under the action of viscous force to form current. In an electroosmosis experiment, when current flows through the core sample, the potential difference is produced between both ends, the hydrones in the core sample can flow along with the current to form electroosmosis liquid flow, the liquid is compressed by one end into which the liquid flows, and is expanded by the other end out of which the liquid flows, as a result, pressure difference is produced between both ends of the core sample, and the permeability is then worked out. The method macroscopically measures the permeability as a microscopic parameter within a low-frequency range.

Description

The measuring method of the moving electro-osmosis rate of a kind of rock
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of utilizing moving electric coupling phenomenon to measure for rock permeability.
Background technology
Permeability is one of most important formation parameter, and it can reflect the transmission structure on stratum, in petro chemical industry, has very strong practical value.At present, the detection method to formation parameters such as permeabilities remains traditional acoustic logging and electrical log in the oil reservoir logging.But there are certain limitation in acoustic logging and electrical log.Acoustic logging utilizes soic wave transmitting energy converter to launch sound wave in the down-hole exactly, is obtained the acoustic signals that reflects through the stratum by receiving transducer; Electrical log then is in well, to encourage electric signal, the electric signal that is returned by coil or electrode detection then.They measure the acoustics and the electrical parameter on stratum respectively independently.And often existing contact, some of them contact to be known between the parameters,acoustic on stratum and the electrical parameter by people, other contacts then are not familiar with so far.Zone permeability is estimated in decay as with Stoneley wave (a kind of low frequency surface wave in the acoustic logging all-wave), and this method is one of method of the current continuous coverage of original place in the world zone permeability, and this shows that permeability is a parameter relevant with acoustic characteristic; On the other hand, also can estimate, show that permeability is again the parameter relevant with electrology characteristic permeability through electrical log.Equal the ratio of local water conductivity and formation conductivity again such as, formation resistivity factor F, and under the condition of ignoring the electrostatic double layer influence, formation resistivity factor F also equals pore media flexibility α With the ratio of factor of porosity φ, latter two parameter is the basic parameter in the pore media ACOUSTIC WAVE EQUATION.These examples show have some formation parameters both relevant with the stratum acoustic characteristic, and are relevant with the stratum electrology characteristic again.
Electrokinetic phenomenon results from that there are under the electrostatic double layer condition coupling between liquid flow flowing and the electric current in solid phase and electrolytic solution boundary in the pore media.The moving electric coupling phenomenon of research is for the new method of exploring development and utilization underground oil and gas resource; Earthquake is induced the phenomenon of electromagnetic field and is utilized this phenomenon to carry out early warning to understanding, and under earthquake or other dynamic load effect in the heterogeneous pore media problem such as fluid motion all have crucial meaning.
Summary of the invention
The measuring method that the purpose of this invention is to provide the moving electro-osmosis rate of a kind of rock; Be the basis with moving electric theory; Design one cover utilizes electrokinetic phenomenon to measure the experimental provision of core sample permeability, adopts the low-frequency ac phase lock amplifying technology to carry out the electrokinetic potential and the electric osmose pressure experiment of core sample, utilizes measured low-frequency pole limit value to approach each physical quantity result under static state; Thereby realize measurement, the theories technique support of necessity is provided for the research of acoustoelectric effect well logging core permeability.
The measuring method of a kind of moving electro-osmosis rate of the present invention, its step is following:
1) core sample is prepared:
(1) factor of porosity that uses core sample in the experiment is between 20%-30%;
(2) core sample of experiment is the right cylinder rock core of 1 inch of diameter; Use the core sample cutting machine that core sample length is cut into 2cm; Avoid during cutting having the unfilled corner that to repair on core sample cylinder and the end face, guarantee that both ends of the surface are smooth and vertical with cylinder axis;
(3) core sample will clean before use, washes impurity earlier off, uses the phenixin washing oil then, uses the absolute ethyl alcohol desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching;
(4) before experiment to solution with core sample is found time and saturated fully, solution is that concentration is the salt solution of 0.05mol/L;
(5) core sample is lain in a horizontal plane in electrokinetic potential experiment core holding unit or the middle clamper of electric osmose experiment core holding unit, both ends of the surface are vertical with desktop, and gases at high pressure are injected in the confined pressure chamber from air intake opening, keep confined pressure 1.2Mpa;
2) streaming potential experiment: the low-frequency ac signal of signal source output is supplied with vibrator after power amplifier amplifies; The vibration in vibrator cycle makes exciting rod pair and its vibrating membrane that closely contacts produce the pressure of an alternation; And then the reciprocating motion in promotion salt solution cycle; Form pressure differential at the rock core two ends; When brine stream is crossed rock core; Because the influence of the inner electric double layer effect of rock core, the effect next part of viscous force movably charged ion can follow salt solution to move together, form electric current;
3) electric osmose experiment: give the excitation of AC constant-current source low-frequency ac by signal source; Produce one with signal source with frequently low-frequency ac electric current; When electric current passes through rock core; Form potential difference at its two ends; The inner hydrone of rock core can follow electric current to flow together, forms the electric osmose flow, and an end that flows in flow produces compression to liquid; An end that flows out makes expansion of liquids, causes the rock core two ends to form pressure differential;
4) calculating of moving electro-osmosis rate:
Very low in frequency, under the negligible situation of inertial force, the coupling of elastic field and electromagnetic field shows as
J = - σ 0 ▿ Φ + L 12 ( - ▿ p )
v = - L 21 ▿ Φ + ( - ▿ p ) k 0 / η
Above two formulas be respectively to Ohm law and the popularization of Darcy's law in pore media; Wherein, J is the current density vector; V is that percolation flow velocity vector p is a fluid pressure, and is electric field intensity.σ 0 is the conductivity of pressure gradient saturated with fluid pore media when being zero, k 0It is the permeability of electric field intensity pore media when being zero.L 12And L 21Be called moving electric coupling coefficient,
Figure BSA00000253769900034
Represent streaming current,
Figure BSA00000253769900035
Represent the electric osmose flow.
In moving electricity experiment, mainly test to confirm the electrokinetic potential COEFFICIENT K through electrokinetic potential experiment and electric osmose S, electric osmose pressure coefficient K E, and the conductivity of rock core R, and then converse permeability,
k R=σ RηK S/K E (3)
Wherein, η is the viscosity coefficient of solution, K SBe in the electrokinetic potential experiment, when the current density that flows through rock core is zero, the negative value of the electric potential difference ΔΦ that measures at the rock core two ends and the ratio of the fluid pressure difference Δ p that acts on the rock core two ends.K EBe in the electric osmose experiment, when the seepage flow through rock core is zero, the pressure difference Δ p that measures at the rock core two ends and the negative value of the ratio of the electric potential difference ΔΦ that acts on the rock core two ends.
Verified this conclusion (like table 1) through the measurement data of different length rock core, rock core length is 1.5cm and 2cm.The undulatory property that can find out short rock core measurement data curve is littler, changes more slyness, and the permeability of result and the measurement of gas method is more identical.
The moving electro-osmosis rate of table 1 different length rock core
Figure BSA00000253769900041
Along with development of electronic technology; A kind of method of utilizing the Nonequilibrium Tbermodynamics method to study the permeability of porous material becomes focus; Compare with microcosmic physical dimension method; This method need not measured the micromechanism size of material, but in low-frequency range, realizes micro-parameters such as permeability are measured through the method for macroscopic view.The present invention is exactly the method for testing that adopts this low-frequency ac, according to the moving electric coupling characteristic between pore media solid phase-liquid phase, utilizes phase lock amplifying technology, measures the electric field and the pressure field at rock core two ends, finally obtains core permeability.
Description of drawings
Clamper structural representation in the experiment of Fig. 1 a electric osmose.
Clamper structural representation in the experiment of Fig. 1 b electric osmose.
Clamper structural representation in Fig. 2 a flowing experiment.
Clamper structural representation in Fig. 2 b flowing experiment.
Wherein: 1 conduction electrode, 2 tanks, 3 potential electrode, 4 rubber sleeves, 5 air intake openings, 6 confined pressure chambeies, 7 liquid injection port, 8 clampers, 9 bracing frames, 10 display pipes, 11 fixed covers, 12 core samples, 13 differential pressure interfaces, 14 freeing port, 15 vibrating membranes,
Embodiment
The factor of porosity that uses core sample in the experiment is between 20%-30%.Laboratory sample is the right cylinder rock core of 1 inch of diameter, uses core cutter that its length is cut into 2cm, avoids during cutting having the unfilled corner that can not repair on core sample cylinder and the end face as far as possible, guarantees that both ends of the surface are smooth and vertical with cylinder axis.In addition, core sample will clean before use, washes impurity earlier off, uses the phenixin washing oil then, uses the absolute ethyl alcohol desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching.Test produces very big influence to electrokinetic potential and electric osmose in the existence meeting of bubble, so must to solution and core sample is found time and saturated fully before experiment.The solution that uses in the experiment is the salt solution of concentration as 0.05mol/L.
Core holding unit is made up of electrokinetic potential experiment core holding unit and electric osmose experiment core holding unit.
Electrokinetic potential experiment core holding unit is made up of conduction electrode 1, tank 2, potential electrode 3, rubber sleeve 4, clamper 8, fixed mount 9, display pipe 10, bracing frame 11, vibrating membrane 15;
Cylindrical core sample 12 levels are positioned at cylinder blanket pipe 10; Core sample 12 two ends are fixing by two cylindrical clampers 8 respectively, two cylindrical clampers 8 respectively Nei display pipe 10 two ends De ?shape annular supports frame 9 and outer ring cap shape fixed cover 11 and display pipe 10 sealing and fixing in display pipe 10 two ends; Two tanks 2 lay respectively at the end of two clampers 8, and the cavity in the clamper 8 is communicated with tank 2; Be respectively equipped with on two clampers 8 and be respectively equipped with liquid injection port 7 and freeing port 14 on 13, two tanks 2 of differential pressure interface; Conduction electrode 1 is located at the end of a tank in two tanks 2, and vibrating membrane 15 is located at the end of another tank in the tank 2; Rubber sleeve 4 is enclosed within outside the two ends and clamper 8 of core sample 12, and the inwall of the outer wall of rubber sleeve and display pipe 10 forms the confined pressure chamber, on display pipe 10, is provided with air intake opening 5; Ring-type potential electrode 3 is positioned at the both sides of core sample 12.
Electric osmose experiment core holding unit structure and electrokinetic potential core holding unit structure are basic identical, and different is that the clamper both sides are ring electrode and do not have vibrating membrane, core holding unit to be provided with pressure transducer, and pressure transducer is connected on the two ends of core sample respectively.
Because electrokinetic potential is different to the requirement of device with the electric osmose experiment, so designed two cover core holding unit Fig. 1 according to the experiment needs, Fig. 2 is respectively applied for electric osmose experiment and electrokinetic potential experiment.The difference of two kinds of devices mainly is that the design of right circles cylinder tank is different, and what install in the electric osmose experiment is electrode, and what install in the electrokinetic potential experiment is vibrating membrane.Circular electrode neither influences the circulation of electric current, flow, thereby the contact area that has increased electrode is again avoided the electrode polarization influence that causes because of current density is excessive.In the experiment rock core is lain in a horizontal plane in the middle pipeline; Both ends of the surface are vertical with desktop; In order to guarantee that flow, electric current only pass through from rock core inside, and can be from the mixed lateral column surface current mistake of rock core, therefore; Clamper in the experiment has increased by one specially and has added the confined pressure system, avoids measurement data to exist than mistake.There is one section plantation rubber pipe box at clamper horizontal pipe middle part, and the rubber sleeve inwall only closely contacts with rock core outside cylinder when not pressurizeing, and does not have squeezing action between the two.In the experiment gases at high pressure are injected in the confined pressure chamber from air intake opening, and keep about confined pressure 1.2MPa, make the rubber tube cover tightly " hold " rock core, so just force flow, electric current to pass through, guarantee the accuracy of experiment from rock core inside.Whole clamper is made with organic glass and the such rigid material of stainless steel, thereby does not exist in the experiment because the error that the compressibility of device causes.
Electrode is made: electrode comprises conduction electrode and potential electrode
Because the difference of use-pattern, the finished product Ag/AgCl electrode in the conventional galvanochemistry specialty does not meet requirement of experiment, so the Ag/AgCl electrode that uses in the experiment needs special the making.Electrode is by a diameter 1.2mm, and purity is that 99.9% filamentary silver curves concentric polycyclic and in the HCl of 1mol/L plating bath, electroplates and form.
Moving electric coupling coefficient measuring method
In the electrokinetic potential experiment; Signal source outputs to lock-in amplifier; After amplifying, supply with vibrator; The vibration in vibrator cycle makes exciting rod pair and its vibrating membrane that closely contacts produce the pressure of an alternation, and then promotes the to-and-fro movement in salt solution cycle, will form pressure differential at the rock core two ends like this.When brine stream is crossed rock core; Because the influence of the inner electrostatic double layer effect of rock core, the effect next part of viscous force movably charged ion can follow salt solution to move together, form electric current; Be referred to as streaming current; Because rock core has a constant impedance,, be called electrokinetic potential so when electric current flows through rock core, will produce potential difference (PD) at the rock core two ends.Meanwhile, form convection current because charged ion can produce a reversed electric field in the accumulation of rock core one end, and the part charged ion will be done counter motion under effect of electric field.After system balancing, two kinds of electric currents are cancelled out each other, and total current is zero.
In electric osmose experiment, whole device all is airtight, gives the excitation of AC constant-current source low-frequency ac by signal source, make its produce one with the low-frequency ac electric current of signal source with frequency.When electric current passes through rock core; Will form potential difference (PD) at its two ends, the inner hydrone of rock core can follow electric current to flow together simultaneously, forms the electric osmose flow; Because the two ends tank is airtight; This will produce compression to liquid at the end that flow flows into, and an end that flows out makes expansion of liquids, thereby causes the rock core two ends to form pressure differential.Under action of pressure, can produce reflux stream, two kinds of flows are cancelled out each other after system reaches balance, and total flow is zero.
Rock moves electro-osmosis rate measuring method
Though the electrokinetic potential experiment is different with electric osmose experiment energisation mode, all is after system balancing in the experiment, measures the potential difference (PD) and the pressure differential at rock core two ends.Potential difference (PD) is drawn signal by the Ag/AgCl potential electrode at rock core two ends.The pressure differential signal detects with differential pressure pick-up.According to the difference of pressure limit, select for use in the experiment two kinds of differential pressure pick-up 26PC (10V DC, 1psi) and DC001 (5VDC 250Pa), is respectively applied for the pressure differential at measurement rock core two ends in electrokinetic potential experiment and the electric osmose experiment.But because these signals are very faint, maybe be all fainter than ambient noise signal on every side.For faint like this AC signal, experiment has been chosen to be specifically designed to and has been detected the lock-in amplifier that buries faint AC signal in noise, and this measuring accuracy for voltage and current can reach nV level and pA level.Lock-in amplifier request for utilization measured signal and reference signal have same frequency, so reference signal and pumping signal all are to be provided by same signal source in two experiments, have guaranteed that lock-in amplifier can normally accurately measure.Here use two stand lock phase amplifiers to constitute two phaselocked loops, measure the amplitude and the phase place of potential difference (PD), pressure differential simultaneously.And then obtain electrokinetic potential coefficient and electric osmose pressure coefficient.And conductivity can be converted out by electrical relation according to measurement result.Finally obtain the permeability of rock core.

Claims (3)

1. the measuring method of a moving electro-osmosis rate is characterized in that:
1) rock core is prepared:
(1) factor of porosity that uses rock core in the experiment is between 20-30%;
(2) rock core of experiment is the right cylinder rock core of 1 inch of diameter, and core sample length is cut into 2cm, avoids during cutting having the unfilled corner that can not repair on core sample cylinder and the end face, guarantees that both ends of the surface are smooth and vertical with cylinder axis;
(3) core sample will clean before use, washes impurity earlier off, uses the phenixin washing oil then, uses the absolute ethyl alcohol desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching;
(4) before experiment to solution with core sample is found time and saturated fully, solution is that concentration is the salt solution of 0.05mol/L;
(5) core sample is lain in a horizontal plane in the clamper in the middle of electrokinetic potential experiment core holding unit or the electric osmose experiment core holding unit, both ends of the surface are vertical with desktop, gases at high pressure injected in the confined pressure chamber maintenance confined pressure 1.2Mpa from air intake opening;
2) streaming potential experiment: the low-frequency ac signal of signal source output is supplied with vibrator after power amplifier amplifies; The vibration in vibrator cycle makes exciting rod pair and its vibrating membrane that closely contacts produce the pressure of an alternation; And then the reciprocating motion in promotion salt solution cycle; Form pressure differential at the core sample two ends; When brine stream is crossed core sample; Because the influence of the inner electric double layer effect of core sample; The effect next part of viscous force movably charged ion can follow salt solution to move together, form electric current;
3) electric osmose experiment: give the excitation of AC constant-current source low-frequency ac by signal source; Produce one with signal source with frequently low-frequency ac electric current; When electric current passes through core sample; Form potential difference at its two ends; The inner hydrone of core sample can follow electric current to flow together, forms the electric osmose flow, and an end that flows in flow produces compression to liquid; An end that flows out makes expansion of liquids, causes the core sample two ends to form pressure differential;
4) test to confirm the electrokinetic potential COEFFICIENT K through electrokinetic potential experiment and electric osmose S, electric osmose pressure coefficient K E, and the conductivity of rock core R, and then converse permeability,
k R=σ RηK S/K E (3)
Wherein, η is the viscosity coefficient of solution, K SBe in the electrokinetic potential experiment, when the current density that flows through core sample is zero, the negative value of the electric potential difference ΔΦ that measures at the core sample two ends and the ratio of the fluid pressure difference Δ p that acts on the core sample two ends, K EBe in the electric osmose experiment, when the seepage flow through core sample is zero, the pressure difference Δ p that measures at the core sample two ends and the negative value of the ratio of the electric potential difference ΔΦ that acts on the core sample two ends.
2. moving electro-osmosis rate measuring method according to claim 1, electrokinetic potential experiment core holding unit is made up of conduction electrode, tank, potential electrode, rubber sleeve, clamper, fixed mount, display pipe, bracing frame, vibrating membrane; It is characterized in that:
Cylindrical core sample level is positioned at the cylinder blanket pipe; The core sample two ends are fixed by two cylindrical clampers respectively, two cylindrical clampers respectively Nei the display pipe two ends De ? ring cap shape fixed cover and display pipe sealing and fixing outside shape annular supports frame and the display pipe two ends; Two tanks lay respectively at the end of two clampers, and the cavity in the clamper is communicated with tank; Be respectively equipped with the differential pressure interface on two clampers, be respectively equipped with liquid injection port and freeing port on two tanks; Conduction electrode is located at the end of a tank in two tanks, and vibrating membrane is located at the end of another tank in the tank; Rubber sleeve is enclosed within outside the two ends and clamper of core sample, and the outer wall of rubber sleeve and the inwall of display pipe form the confined pressure chamber, on display pipe, are provided with air intake opening; The ring-type potential electrode is positioned at the both sides of core sample.
3. moving electro-osmosis rate measuring method according to claim 2; It is characterized in that: conduction electrode that uses and potential electrode are the Ag/AgCl electrode; By a diameter 1.2mm, purity is that 99.9% filamentary silver curves concentric polycyclic and in the HCl of 1mol/L plating bath, electroplates and form.
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CN106092469A (en) * 2016-05-30 2016-11-09 上海电力设计院有限公司 The air-tightness computational methods of gas storage cavern
CN106568622A (en) * 2016-10-12 2017-04-19 河海大学 Test device for positive pressure water saturation of high strength rock sample and use method
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Application publication date: 20120321