CN102384281B - 具有轴向的供给接头的调压阀 - Google Patents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
- F16K31/12—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid
- F16K31/122—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid the fluid acting on a piston
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
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- F15B13/00—Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
- F15B13/02—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
- F15B13/04—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with a single servomotor
- F15B13/044—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with a single servomotor operated by electrically-controlled means, e.g. solenoids, torque-motors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F15B13/00—Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
- F15B13/02—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
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- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/02—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
- F16H61/0202—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric
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- F16K11/065—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements with linearly sliding closure members
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- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
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- F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
- F16K31/06—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
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- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
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- F15B13/00—Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种具有轴向的供给接头的调压阀,尤其是构造为滑阀的调压阀(18),该调压阀具有轴向布置的供给接头(16)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种尤其用于机动车中的自动变速器的调压阀。
背景技术
对于现代的轿车自动变速器来说,将以液压方式操纵的离合器用来换档。为了这些切换过程平滑地并且对驾驶员来说在察觉不到的情况下进行,有必要以极高的精确性根据预先给定的压力斜坡(Druckrampe)来调节离合器上的液压压力。为此使用以电磁方式操纵的调压阀。这些调压阀要么可以构造为中心阀要么可以构造为滑阀。这两种结构通常都具有三个分别用于进流、调压和回流的液压接头。对于中心阀来说,通常不仅可以轴向而且可以径向布置所述接头。
开头所提到的类型的中心阀从DE 197 33 660 A1中得到公开。在该专利文件中展示的实施例不仅具有径向的进口接头而且具有轴向的进口接头。
为了保证滑阀的调压功能,有必要的是,要么储槽压力要么调节压力加载在滑杆的端面上要么加载在控制活塞的端面上。因此通常径向布置相应的接头。从DE
201 00 950 U1中公开了一种这样的滑阀,其中在一种实施例中也可以轴向连接储槽接头。从DE
198 47 021 B4中公开了一种具有轴向布置的工作接头的滑阀,在所述工作接头上加载了所期望的调节压力。
现代的变速器控制机构具有液压管路的较高的复杂程度。由于狭小的结构空间经常不能如此进行分拆,从而可以使进口管路以任意的方式通向调压阀。
发明内容
本发明的问题通过一种调压阀得到解决。
所述调压阀具有控制活塞和滑套,其中所述调压阀具有供给接头、工作接头和回流接头。根据本发明,所述供给接头平行于所述滑套的纵轴线来布置,其中所述控制活塞具有至少一条通道,所述通道将布置在所述控制活塞的端面上的第一平衡体积与在所述控制活塞的对置的端部上存在的第二平衡体积连接起来,其中,所述滑套与阀连接元件一起形成环形的进流通道,并且其中所述阀连接元件构造为塑料挤压包封件。
本发明还涉及其它有利的改进方案。此外,对本发明来说重要的特征在接下来的说明中并且在附图中找到,其中所述特征不仅单独地而且以不同的组合对本发明来说都会很重要,而不必再次明确地指出这一点。
通过本发明,得到一种滑阀结构的调压阀,对于该调压阀来说以简单且成本低廉的方式将所述供给接头在端面上安置在阀的液压件上。由此在调压阀的液压连接、布置和安装方面获得自由度。
本发明的一种有利的设计方案规定,具有阀连接元件的滑套在端面上形成环形的进口通道。由此保证将进口压力从所述阀的端面径向导引给控制活塞。
作为补充,在此提出,所述滑套拥有至少一个径向布置的开口。所述径向的开口之一与所述环形的进口通道进行了液压连接。通过所述径向的开口,若干阀接头与所述控制活塞的相应的区段进行了液压连接并且以简单的方式方法实现所述控制活塞的调压功能。
为了保证进口压力不对所述控制活塞的端面产生影响并且不对控制活塞的调压功能产生不利影响,所述滑套在端面上被气密封闭。一种在加工技术上简单的解决方案是,将堵头在端面上压装到所述滑套上。所述堵头可以由塑料来制造或者作为冲裁弯曲件由板材来制造。这两种变型方案都可以用简单的挤压连接不可丢失地并且紧密地安置在所述滑套上。
通过以下方式来实现调压功能,即所述阀拥有控制活塞,该控制活塞在打开的最终位置中使工作接头与所述供给接头进行液压连接并且使其在液压方面与回流接头分开。在未触发的状态中,也就是说在电磁的操纵装置的线圈未通电流时,该电磁的操纵装置的电枢通过安装在磁体侧的螺旋弹簧朝打开方向运动并且通过推杆使所述控制活塞朝所述调压阀的打开的最终位置的方向运动。由此所述控制活塞的第一区段释放进口压力开口,并且压力介质流进被所述滑套和控制活塞限定的环形室中。因为同时所述控制活塞的第三区段将所述回流开口与所述环形室分开,所以在所述供给接头上存在的压力也加载在所述工作接头上。
如果给所述线圈通电,那么电磁力就克服所述磁体侧的螺旋弹簧的复位力起作用,所述螺旋弹簧已经使所述控制活塞朝端面偏移。所述控制活塞通过安装在活塞侧的复位弹簧返回运动到关闭的最终位置中。在所述关闭的最终位置中所述控制活塞将所述进口压力开口封闭并且同时释放回流开口。因为在所述回流开口中加载着比在所述环形室中存在的工作压力小的储槽压力,所以压力介质就通过所述回流开口流往所述回流接头。
类似的情况适用于这里未详细描述的电磁的操纵装置,该电磁的操纵装置在没有磁体侧的螺旋弹簧的情况下工作并且其电磁体朝相反的方向起作用。由此在无电流的状态中所述供给接头封闭并且在通电的状态中所述回流开口封闭。
对于所述按本发明的调压阀来说,反向于打开方向作用于控制活塞的力依赖于当前在调压开口上存在的压力。如果所述调压开口上的压力下降,那么反向于打开方向作用于控制活塞的力也减小并且控制活塞朝打开的方向运动。如果相反在所述调压开口上存在的压力上升,那么反向于打开方向作用于所述控制活塞的力也上升,由此该控制活塞反向于打开方向运动。控制活塞的这种自动调节功能通过以下方式来实现,即朝打开方向起作用的液压的表面有别于反向于打开方向起作用的液压的表面。
反向于打开方面并且朝打开方向起作用的液压的表面之间的差别通过所述滑套中的分级的导孔来实现,所述分级的导孔在所述控制活塞的第一区段中具有比在其第三区段中小的直径。
总之,通过本发明得到一种同时以简单的设计结构和相应低的制造成本来提供精确的自动调节功能的调压阀。
此外有利的是,所述控制活塞拥有第一控制边缘,该第一控制边缘在所述控制活塞的中间位置中对从供给接头流往工作接头的压力介质流进行节制。此外,所述控制活塞拥有第二控制边缘,该第二控制边缘在所述控制活塞的处于打开的与关闭的最终位置之间的中间位置中对从工作接头流往回流接头的压力介质流进行节制。由此可以实现所述阀的持续演进的调压特性曲线。
特别有帮助的是,本发明拥有控制活塞,该控制活塞具有至少一条通道,该通道将受到所述控制活塞的端面限制的第一平衡体积在所述供给接头的区域中与处于所述控制活塞的相反的端部上的第二平衡体积连接起来。由此在所述控制活塞的端面上加载着相同的液压压力,并且更确切地说加载着储槽压力。所述控制活塞的运动使得液压油无压力地在所述平衡体积之间来回运动。
作为补充在此提出,所述通道构造为由纵向孔与横向孔构成的组合。由此所述用于按本发明的调压阀的控制活塞可以容易地并且以低廉的成本来制造。
一种在加工技术上简单的解决方案规定,所述阀连接元件构造为塑料挤压包封件。由此所述控制套可以以简单的方式方法固定在阀体中。
附图说明
附图示出如下:
图1是液压线路的示意图,在该液压线路中使用按本发明的调压阀,并且
图2是按本发明的调压阀的部分剖面。
具体实施方式
尤其液压线路10用于控制比如用在轿车中的自动变速器,一个无压力的液压油储罐12和一台液压泵14属于所述液压线路10。所述液压泵14的出口形成供给接头16,在该供给接头16上连接着调压阀18。
一条回流管路从所述调压阀18通往回流接头20,该回流接头20返回到液压油储罐12。此外,所述调压阀18与工作接头22相连接,在该工作接头22上加载着有待由所述调压阀18调节的压力。此外,所述调压阀18拥有电磁的操纵装置24。
图2示出了按本发明的调压阀18的结构。该调压阀18包括优选由塑料制成的阀连接元件26。所述阀连接元件26拥有同心的空隙(无附图标记),在此如此将滑套28装入到所述同心的空隙中,使得该滑套28与所述阀连接元件26一起形成一条环形的进流通道30。所述滑套28拥有直通的并且分级的导孔32,该导孔32用于接收控制活塞34。在端面上,也就是在图2中的左侧,所述滑套28被密封罩36气密地封闭,在此比如可以压装或者热装所述密封罩36。
所述滑套28的对置的一侧(在图2中在右边)被轴套37封闭。在所述滑套28的圆周上以沿轴向方向并排布置的方式设置了三个开口38、40和42。在相应地触发所述控制活塞34时,所述第一开口在下文中称为进口压力开口38在所述滑套28中打开通往所述进流通道30并且由此通往所述供给接头16的导孔32。
图2示出了处于平衡位置中的调压阀18,因而在所述进流通道30与导孔32之间不存在液压连接。这个平衡位置是所述打开的与关闭的最终位置之间的中间位置。
所述滑套28的第二横向孔,在下文中称为调压开口40,将所述导孔32与工作接头22连接起来。所述第三横向孔,下面称为回流开口42,在所述导孔32与回流接头22之间建立液压连接。
所述控制活塞34沿轴向方向划分为四个相邻的区段44、46、48和50。在图2中最外面的左边的也就是第一区段44拥有第一直径D1。以该第一直径D1将所述控制活塞34导引在所述导孔32中。
大致在当中的第二区段46连接到所述第一区段44上,该第二区段46拥有第二直径D2,所述第二直径D2小于所述第一直径D1并且小于所述导孔32的在这个区域中的直径。由此产生环形室52。
连接到第二区段46上的第三区段48拥有比第一区段44大的直径并且以密封的但是能够轴向移动的方式导引在所述滑套28的导孔32中。由此沿轴向方向限定着所述环形室52。
在第四也就是最后一个区段50中,所述控制活塞34的直径小于所述导孔32的直径。由此产生第二平衡体积58,该第二平衡体积58沿轴向方向受到所述轴套37及推杆72的限制。
通过所述控制活塞34的这种特殊的形状,所述控制活塞34的第二区段46和所述滑套28形成一个环形室52,该环形室52通过所述调压开口42与所述工作接头22相通。所述第一区段44的朝向第二区段46的边缘形成第一控制边缘54,后面还要详细对所述第一控制边缘54的功能进行探讨。
所述第三区段48的朝向第二区段46的边缘形成第二控制边缘56。所述控制活塞34在第四区段中具有横向孔60。在所述横向孔60上连接着纵向孔62,该纵向孔62在所述控制活塞34的整个长度上穿过该控制活塞34。由此在所述第一平衡体积64中并且在所述第二平衡体积58中存在着相同的压力。
在所述第一平衡体积64中存在着第一螺旋弹簧66,该第一螺旋弹簧66一方面支撑在控制活塞34上并且另一方面支撑在密封罩36上,所述密封罩36在端面上将所述滑套28封闭。
所述电磁的操纵装置24在图2中布置在所述调压阀18的右侧上。该操纵装置24尤其包括环形的线圈68和布置在当中的电枢70。关于该电枢70同轴布置的推杆72将电枢70的调节运动传递到所述控制活塞34上。
所述第一螺旋弹簧66使所述控制活塞34保持抵靠在推杆72上。该推杆72以密封的但能够轴向移动的方式导引在所述轴套37中的直通孔76中,所述轴套37将滑套28封闭。
第二螺旋弹簧78在所述电枢70的同心的空隙80中推到所述活塞杆72上。所述螺旋弹簧78一方面支撑在电枢70上并且另一方面支撑在线圈铁芯82上。所述线圈铁芯82同时形成用于壳体84的盖子,在所述壳体84中布置了所述电磁的操纵装置24。在所述线圈铁芯82的同轴的孔86中装入了滑动轴承88,该滑动轴承88接纳着所述活塞杆72的背向电枢70的端部。
所述调压阀18以如下方式进行工作:如果所述控制活塞34由所述电磁的操纵装置24在线圈68的无电流的状态中被所述螺旋弹簧78移到打开位置中(在图2中向左,未示出),那么液压油就在较高的压力下从所述供给接头16并且经由所述进口压力开口38流到所述环形室52中并且从那里经由所述调压开口40流往工作接头22。所述回流开口42在此基本上被所述第二控制边缘56覆盖:由此所述回流接头20基本上与所述环形室52分开。作为结果,因而在所述工作接头22上存在着和在供给接头16上相同的压力。
如果相反所述控制活塞34比如在给线圈通电的情况下处于更靠右边的位置中,那么所述进口压力开口38就被所述第一控制边缘54所覆盖,也就是说所述环形室52基本上与所述供给接头16分开。换而言之,现在所述第二控制边缘56释放所述回流开口42,使得所述工作接头22通过所述调压开口40、环形室52及回流开口42与所述回流接头20相通。通过这种方式,在所述工作接头22上存在的压力通过所述回流接头20而减小,因为在那里首先存在着环境压力。
所述控制活塞34的不同的中间位置能够使人在工作接头22中调节任意的压力,其中所述压力不会大于供给接头16中的压力并且不会小于回流接头20中的压力。
所述控制活塞34的位置在此从作用在所述控制活塞34及推杆72上的液压的力和所述第一螺旋弹簧66的复位力与由所述电磁的操纵装置24通过推杆72施加到控制活塞34上的力以及由所述第二螺旋弹簧78加载在电枢70上的力之间的力的平衡中产生。
为维持调压功能,重要的是,在如在图2中示出的一样的平衡状态中,作用在所述控制活塞34的端面上的液压的力的总和大致为零。这通过以下方式得到保证,即在图2中在控制活塞34的左边存在的第一平衡体积64就象在图2中在控制活塞34右边存在的第二平衡体积58一样通过所述纵向孔62和横向孔60同样与所述回流开口42相通,其中在所述第一平衡体积64中布置了所述第一螺旋弹簧66。由此在这两个平衡体积58与64中存在着加载在所述回流接头20上的压力或者说在所述回流开口42中存在的储槽压力。
所述滑套28的密封罩36在此保证,所述进口压力不作用于所述控制活塞34的端面。
Claims (11)
1.调压阀(18),具有控制活塞(34)和滑套(28),其中所述调压阀(18)具有供给接头(16)、工作接头(22)和回流接头(20),其特征在于,所述供给接头(16)平行于所述滑套(28)的纵轴线来布置,其中所述控制活塞(34)具有至少一条通道(60、62),所述通道(60、62)将布置在所述控制活塞(34)的端面上的第一平衡体积(64)与在所述控制活塞(34)的对置的端部上存在的第二平衡体积(58)连接起来,其中,所述滑套(28)与阀连接元件(26)一起形成环形的进流通道(30),并且其中所述阀连接元件(26)构造为塑料挤压包封件。
2.按权利要求1所述的调压阀(18),其特征在于,所述滑套具有至少一个径向布置的开口(38、40、42)。
3.按权利要求1或2中任一项所述的调压阀(18),其特征在于,所述环形的进流通道(30)与所述滑套(28)的径向布置的开口(38)以液压方式处于连接之中。
4.按权利要求1所述的调压阀(18),其特征在于,所述滑套(28)在所述供给接头(16)的区域中在端面上被密封封闭。
5.按权利要求4所述的调压阀(18),其特征在于,所述滑套(28)被压装在端面上的堵头(36)封闭。
6.按权利要求1所述的调压阀(18),其特征在于,所述控制活塞(34)在打开的最终位置中使所述工作接头(22)与所述供给接头(16)液压连接并且将所述工作接头(22)与所述回流接头(20)在液压方面分开。
7.按权利要求1所述的调压阀(18),其特征在于,所述控制活塞(34)在关闭的最终位置中使所述工作接头(22)与所述回流接头(20)液压连接并且将所述工作接头(22)与所述供给接头(16)在液压方面分开。
8.按权利要求1所述的调压阀(18),其特征在于,所述控制活塞(34)具有第一控制边缘(54),并且所述第一控制边缘(54)在所述控制活塞(34)的中间位置中对从供给接头(16)流往工作接头(22)的压力介质流进行节制。
9.按权利要求8所述的调压阀(18),其特征在于,所述控制活塞(34)拥有第二控制边缘(56),并且所述第二控制边缘(56)在所述控制活塞(34)的中间位置中对从工作接头(22)流往回流接头(20)的压力介质流进行节制。
10.按权利要求1所述的调压阀(18),其特征在于,所述通道(60、62)包括纵向孔(62)和横向孔(60)。
11.按权利要求1所述的调压阀(18),其特征在于,所述调压阀(18)用于机动车中的自动变速器。
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DE102013226615A1 (de) | 2013-12-19 | 2015-06-25 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Druckregelventil mit Ausgleichsraum |
US20180087541A1 (en) * | 2015-04-02 | 2018-03-29 | Science & Technology Development Fund | Fast switching 3/2 direct operated hydraulic directional control valve |
US10107411B2 (en) * | 2015-08-13 | 2018-10-23 | Hilite Germany Gmbh | Hydraulic valve |
DE102015016846A1 (de) * | 2015-12-23 | 2017-06-29 | Hydac Fluidtechnik Gmbh | Ventil, insbesondere 4/2-Wegeschieberventil |
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DE102017102184A1 (de) | 2017-02-03 | 2018-08-09 | Svm Schultz Verwaltungs-Gmbh & Co. Kg | Ventil und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Ventils |
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EP3409973A1 (en) * | 2017-06-01 | 2018-12-05 | Öhlins Racing AB | Electronically controlled valve for a shock absorber |
DE102018222614A1 (de) * | 2018-12-20 | 2020-06-25 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Elektromagnetische Betätigungseinrichtung |
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KR20120022062A (ko) | 2012-03-09 |
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DE102010039917A1 (de) | 2012-03-01 |
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