CN102380626B - Ultrasonic oval vibrating mechanism for assisting diamond cutter in ultra-precision cutting - Google Patents
Ultrasonic oval vibrating mechanism for assisting diamond cutter in ultra-precision cutting Download PDFInfo
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- CN102380626B CN102380626B CN 201110240310 CN201110240310A CN102380626B CN 102380626 B CN102380626 B CN 102380626B CN 201110240310 CN201110240310 CN 201110240310 CN 201110240310 A CN201110240310 A CN 201110240310A CN 102380626 B CN102380626 B CN 102380626B
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Abstract
The invention relates to an ultrasonic oval vibrating mechanism for assisting a diamond cutter in ultra-precision cutting. The ultrasonic oval vibrating mechanism is characterized by comprising a cutter handle, a vibrating unit and a cutter, wherein one end of the cutter handle has a step-shaped structure; the vertical surfaces and the horizontal surfaces of an upper layer step and a lower layer step are provided with grooves; the vibrating unit comprises a vibrating body consisting of a transverse vibrating rod and a longitudinal vibrating rod which are vertical to each other; the top surface of the joint of the transverse vibrating rod and the longitudinal vibrating rod is provided with a groove; the end part of the transverse vibrating rod is provided with a transverse end face; the other side of the transverse end face is provided with a transverse excitation source and a transverse cover plate in sequence; the end part of the longitudinal vibrating rod is provided with a longitudinal end face; the other side of the longitudinal end face is provided with a longitudinal excitation source and a longitudinal cover plate in sequence; the transverse end face is formed on the vertical surface of the upper layer step of the cutter handle; the transverse cover plate and the transverse excitation source are positioned in the groove of the upper layer step; the longitudinal end face is formed on the horizontal surface of the lower layer step of the cutter handle; the longitudinal cover plate and the longitudinal excitation source are positioned in the groove of the lower layer step; and the cutter is arranged in the groove at the joint of the transverse vibrating rod and the longitudinal vibrating rod.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ultrasonic assisted machining mechanism, particularly about a kind of ultrasonic elliptical vibratory mechanism of auxiliary diamond cutter ultra precision cutting.
Background technology
Natural single-point diamond cutter is widely used in the ultraprecise manufacture field, because the single-point diamond radius of edge is minimum, the corresponding Ultra-precision CNC Machine of adapted is processed with non-ferrous metal and can obtains surface figure accuracy less than 0.5 μ m, and surface smoothness is less than the ultraprecise minute surface of 5nm.But, current single-point diamond cutting technology is difficult to process iron, because produce violent heat-chemistry reaction in the process between diamond cutter carbon atom and the workpiece iron atom, makes cutter heavy wear, cutting can't continue to carry out, and machined surface quality is very poor.In order to address this problem, an effective method is to adopt the ultrasonic vibration assisted machining.The ultrasonic vibration assisted machining refers to that making originally, continuous working angles becomes regular intermittent-cutting with an extra ultrasonic vibration introducing cutter and the original relative motion between workpiece.Ultrasonic assisted machining has the average cutting force of minimizing, heat, significantly reduces the advantages such as tool wear, raising workpiece surface quality.
In the ultrasonic assisted machining, the hardware device of most critical is to drive the exciting agency that cutter produces dither.The more common ultrasonic exciting agency of a class is the orthoscopic vibrating device, and this device has the advantages such as simple in structure, easy to manufacture; But because direction of vibration is rectilinear motion, when cutter separated with workpiece, the rear knife face machined surface that can rub not only can damaged workpiece surface quality, and makes cutter bear alternation tension and compression stress, causes tired tipping.The a kind of of novelty is oval exciting agency, and this vibrating device makes and produces the elliptical vibration track on the point of a knife, has overcome the shortcoming of straight line exciting agency.Existing elliptical vibration cutting device, adopt transducer mostly---the ultrasonic transformer structure, it is operated in the resonant frequency of structure, can't change vibration frequency, also is difficult to adjust elliptical orbit, can't adapt to the variation of cutting parameter, rapidoprint and surface configuration.Simultaneously, existing resonance type vibration topping machanism is generally circular section club shaped structure or its combination, is not easy to install, and need fixedly topping machanism of the special knife rest of design, and the topping machanism structure stress is not good, rigidity is not high, has restricted the raising of machined surface quality.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the purpose of this invention is to provide the ultrasonic elliptical vibratory mechanism of a kind of wide working band, elliptical orbit capable of regulating, auxiliary diamond cutter ultra precision cutting easy for installation.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme: a kind of ultrasonic elliptical vibratory mechanism of auxiliary diamond cutter ultra precision cutting, and it is characterized in that: it comprises handle of a knife, on the described handle of a knife vibration unit is set, and on the described vibration unit cutter is set; One end of described handle of a knife is stepped, and a groove is set on the vertical face of its upper strata step and the horizontal plane, also is provided with a groove on the vertical face of its lower floor's step and the horizontal plane; Described vibration unit comprises the vibrating body that is " L " type, and described vibrating body comprises orthogonal transverse-vibration lever and extensional vibration bar, and the junction end face of described transverse-vibration lever and extensional vibration bar is provided with a groove; The end of described transverse-vibration lever has been wholely set a transverse end surface, and the opposite side of described transverse end surface is disposed with lateral excitation source and horizontal cover plate; The end of described extensional vibration bar has been wholely set a longitudinal terminal surface, and described longitudinal terminal surface opposite side is disposed with vertical exciting source and vertical cover plate; Described transverse end surface is arranged on the vertical face of upper strata step of described handle of a knife, and described horizontal cover plate and lateral excitation source are positioned at the groove of described upper strata step; Described longitudinal terminal surface is arranged on the horizontal plane of lower floor's step of described handle of a knife, described vertical cover plate and vertically exciting source be positioned at the groove of described lower floor step; Described cutter is arranged in the described groove of described transverse-vibration lever and described extensional vibration bar junction.
All offer on described transverse-vibration lever and the extensional vibration bar and subtract the stress groove.
Described cutter is fixed in the described groove on the described vibrating body by the pretension screw, described pretension screw and screwed hole are short pitch, and described cutter is provided with pin with the end face that described vibrating body contacts, and the pin-and-hole that arranges on described pin and the described vibrating body forms interference fit.
Described transverse end surface is connected on the vertical face of described handle of a knife upper strata step by the pretension screw, and the through hole that connects is slide opening; Described longitudinal terminal surface is connected on the horizontal plane of described handle of a knife lower floor step by the pretension screw, and the through hole that connects also is slide opening.
Described lateral excitation source and vertical exciting source are piezoelectric ceramic piece.
The present invention is owing to take above technical scheme, it has the following advantages: 1, the present invention is owing to adopt orthogonal transverse-vibration lever and extensional vibration bar as compliant mechanism, adopt piezoelectric ceramic piece as lateral excitation source and vertical exciting source, utilize the ultrasonic excitation principle of compliant mechanism and piezoelectric ceramic type, therefore, have good conduct vibrations rate, areflexia, outside resonant frequency, also can work and (be called for short: disresonance type), and can effectively focus to the cutter point of a knife.2, the present invention because adopt orthogonal transverse-vibration lever and vibrating body that the extensional vibration bar forms as compliant mechanism, and be provided with at transverse-vibration lever and extensional vibration bar and subtract the stress groove, the vertical and horizontal that transverse-vibration lever and extensional vibration pole pair are answered are out of shape easily, therefore, the present invention also can steady operation outside resonance point, thereby reach non-resonant effect, the adjustable extent of operating frequency broadens, but steady operation is at 10kHz to 50kHz.3, vibrating body of the present invention comprises two orthogonal vibrating arms, the end of two vibrating arms is provided with end face, all compress exciting source between end face and the cover plate, cutter is arranged on the vibrating body, and therefore, the present invention can be according to different processing technologys, adjust the size of cutter and the input voltage of exciting source, and then adjust vibration frequency and elliptical orbit, to adapt to better different rapidoprints and workpiece shape, be specially adapted to the aspheric operating mode of processed complex.4, Cutting tool installation manner of the present invention is at the top of extensional vibration bar end face, and vibrating body is " L " shape frame structure simultaneously, therefore, mechanical characteristic of the present invention is good, vertically, lateral stiffness is large, good stability, Effective Raise the structure stress degree, significantly improved the quality of finished surface.5, cutter of the present invention is fixed by screws in the top end face of extensional vibration bar, and with vibrating body interference fit is arranged, therefore, vibration is conveyed to the effective of cutter by the transverse-vibration lever, and in working angles, mainly be subject to longitudinally cutting force, stressed good, rigidity is high.6, the present invention takes the flexible structure of " L " shape frame-type to come conduction vibration, and this structure all can effectively be conducted on broad frequency band and be amplified vibration, rather than only is operated in resonance point, therefore, can expand the frequency range of exciting source vibration output.7, the present invention takes the elliptical vibration track, therefore, knife face separates with the workpiece machined surface after can making cutter, avoided the bump machined surface, and reduced the time of contact of cutter and workpiece, reduced cutting temperature, effectively reduced tool wear, improved cutter life, reduce cost, improved suface processing quality.8, vibrating body volume of the present invention is small and exquisite, and power is moderate, and therefore, the micron order cutting depth of amplitude and ultra precision cutting coupling is good, and temperature rise and thermal expansion are strictly controlled.9, the present invention since with vibration unit and Cutting tool installation manner on the cutting toolholder of conventional structure, therefore, can be directly installed on the universal tool post, need not newly to design rack construction.Structure of the present invention arranges ingenious, utilize the ultrasonic excitation principle of compliant mechanism and piezoelectric ceramic type, has non-resonant effect, the adjustable extent of operating frequency is wide, elliptical orbit capable of regulating, easy for installation, be applicable to different rapidoprints and complicated workpiece shape, therefore, can be widely used in the cutting mechanism.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention
Fig. 2 is the schematic appearance of handle of a knife of the present invention
Fig. 3 is the decomposing schematic representation of vibration unit of the present invention
Fig. 4 is the cross-sectional schematic of vibration unit of the present invention and cutter
Fig. 5 is that the different tool dimension of the present invention has different elliptical orbit schematic diagrames
Fig. 6 is that apparatus of the present invention are installed in the structural representation on the universal tool post
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is described in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention mainly comprises handle of a knife 10, vibration unit 20 and cutter 30; Vibration unit 20 is arranged on the handle of a knife 10, and cutter 30 is arranged on the vibration unit 20.
As shown in Figure 2, an end of handle of a knife 10 of the present invention is stepped, and a groove 103 is set on the vertical face 101 of its upper strata step and the horizontal plane 102, also is provided with a groove 106 on the vertical face 104 of its lower floor's step and the horizontal plane 105.The size and dimension of handle of a knife 10 of the present invention is identical with the handle of a knife of conventional cutting, therefore, can be directly installed on the conventional knife rest.
As shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, vibration unit 20 main involving vibrations bodies 201 of the present invention, vibrating body 201 is one to be the general frame of " L " type, it comprises orthogonal transverse-vibration lever 202 and extensional vibration bar 203, and the junction end face of transverse-vibration lever 202 and extensional vibration bar 203 is provided with a groove 204.The end of transverse-vibration lever 202 has been wholely set a square transverse end surface 205, the opposite side of square transverse end surface 205 is disposed with lateral excitation source 206 and horizontal cover plate 207, be to clamp between transverse end surface 205 and the horizontal cover plate 207 lateral excitation source 206 is set, laterally cover plate 207 and lateral excitation source 206 are fixedly connected on the transverse end surface 205 by pretension screw 208.The end of extensional vibration bar 203 has been wholely set a square longitudinal terminal surface 209.The opposite side of longitudinal terminal surface 209 is disposed with vertical exciting source 210 and vertical cover plate 211, be to clamp between longitudinal terminal surface 209 and the vertical cover plate 211 vertical exciting source 210 is set, vertically cover plate 211 and vertical exciting source 210 are fixedly connected on the longitudinal terminal surface 209 by pretension screw 212.All offer on transverse-vibration lever 202 and the extensional vibration bar 203 and subtract stress groove 213, the vertical and horizontal of transverse-vibration lever 202 and extensional vibration bar 203 correspondences are out of shape easily, therefore, also can steady operation outside resonance point, thus reach non-resonant effect.
Shown in Fig. 1～4, transverse end surface 205 is arranged on by the pretension screw on the vertical face 101 of upper strata step of handle of a knife 10, and laterally cover plate 207 and lateral excitation source 206 are positioned at the groove 103 of upper strata step; Longitudinal terminal surface 209 is arranged on by the pretension screw on the horizontal plane 105 of lower floor's step of handle of a knife 10, vertically cover plate 211 and vertically exciting source 210 be positioned at the groove 106 of lower floor's step.Because transverse end surface 205 and longitudinal terminal surface 209 are orthogonal, orientation problem can appear so vibrating body 201 is installed on the handle of a knife 10, therefore, in order to solve the problem of location, transverse end surface 205 is slide opening by the pretension screw with the through hole that the vertical face 101 of handle of a knife 10 upper strata steps is connected, and longitudinal terminal surface 209 also is slide opening by the through hole that the pretension screw is connected with the horizontal plane 105 of handle of a knife 10 lower floor's steps.
Such as Fig. 1, Fig. 3, shown in Figure 4, cutter 30 is arranged in the groove 204 of vibrating body 201 transverse-vibration levers 202 and extensional vibration bar 203 junctions, and is fixedly connected on the vibrating body 201 by pretension screw 301.Pretension screw 301 and screwed hole are short pitch, Effective Raise extensional vibration reached the efficient of cutter 30 by extensional vibration bar 203.The end face that contacts with vibrating body 201 at cutter 30 simultaneously is provided with pin 302, and the pin-and-hole that arranges on pin 302 and the vibrating body 201 forms interference fit, makes oscillation crosswise be reached the better effects if of cutter 30 by transverse-vibration lever 202.
As shown in Figure 5, the below enumerates a specific embodiment, illustrates different tool dimensions is set, and obtains different elliptical vibration tracks.
Fig. 5 (a) has identical lateral dimension l with the cutter shown in Fig. 5 (b)
1=l
2, lateral dimension refers to the distance from cutter 30 points of a knife to pin 302 axle center; The former longitudinal size is than the little h of the latter
1＜h
2, longitudinal size refers to the distance of 30 contact grooves, 204 end faces from cutter 30 points of a knife to cutter.Point of a knife shown in Fig. 5 (a) is in the antinode place of extensional vibration displacement maximum, just locates on the upper side and the point of a knife shown in Fig. 5 (b) is in the pitch amplitude antinode, so the former pitch amplitude is larger than the latter, thereby obtains different elliptical vibration tracks.
In above-described embodiment, the vibration of vibration unit 20 is from lateral excitation source 206 and vertical exciting source 210, clamp the clamping force that lateral excitation source 206 is set between transverse end surface 205 and the horizontal cover plate 207, and clamp the clamping force that vertical exciting source 210 is set between longitudinal terminal surface 209 and the vertical cover plate 211, the capital directly has influence on vibrating effect, therefore, clamping force need to be according to the corresponding adjustment of cutting actual demand.
In above-described embodiment, lateral excitation source 206 and vertical exciting source 210 can be selected PZT-8 side's bar shaped piezoelectric ceramic piece of thickness direction polarization, and its length is 14mm, and width is 7mm, and thickness is 2mm.When the assembling exciting source, between piezoelectric ceramic piece and copper plate electrode, adopt epoxy resin to fit.Lateral excitation source 206 produces two mutually perpendicular dithers with vertical exciting source 210, makes to form an elliptical vibration track on cutter 30 points of a knife, and under the excitation of 200V, horizontal, the longitudinal length of vibration elliptical orbit can reach respectively 4 microns, 6 microns.Simultaneously, vibration frequency can be adjusted in 10kHz to 50kHz scope.
As shown in Figure 6, apparatus of the present invention are useful in carries out assisted machining on the super precision lathe, can be directly installed on the universal tool post 40, and not need specific transformation, and in the course of work, its concrete use method of operating may further comprise the steps.
1) according to the processing technology requirement, determine trajectory shape, the cutting tool 30 of selecting to be fit to size is installed on the vibration unit 20, and vibration unit 20 is installed on the handle of a knife 10, will have apparatus of the present invention integral installation of handle of a knife 10, vibration unit 20 and cutter 30 on universal tool post 40.
2) carry out tool setting work, adjust to optimal installation site.
3) adjust the elliptical vibration track, open supersonic generator, power supply is to lateral excitation source 206 and vertical exciting source 210, and according to the technological requirement of vibrocutting, frequency, phase difference and the Voltage Peak peak value of the input voltage by adjusting two exciting sources are adjusted oscillation trajectory.Thereby the displacement that can use laser vibration measurer to measure cutter 30 points of a knife obtains the track of point of a knife.
4) according to the processing technology requirement, cutting parameter is set, comprises: the speed of mainshaft, feed speed, cutting-in etc. can begin to carry out machining.
The various embodiments described above only are used for explanation the present invention, and wherein the structure of each parts, connected mode etc. all can change to some extent, and every equivalents and improvement of carrying out on the basis of technical solution of the present invention all should do not got rid of outside protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the ultrasonic elliptical vibratory mechanism of an auxiliary diamond cutter ultra precision cutting, it is characterized in that: it comprises handle of a knife, on the described handle of a knife vibration unit is set, and on the described vibration unit cutter is set;
One end of described handle of a knife is stepped, and a groove is set on the vertical face of its upper strata step and the horizontal plane, also is provided with a groove on the vertical face of its lower floor's step and the horizontal plane;
Described vibration unit comprises the vibrating body that is " L " type, and described vibrating body comprises orthogonal transverse-vibration lever and extensional vibration bar, and the junction end face of described transverse-vibration lever and extensional vibration bar is provided with a groove; The end of described transverse-vibration lever has been wholely set a transverse end surface, and the opposite side of described transverse end surface is disposed with lateral excitation source and horizontal cover plate; The end of described extensional vibration bar has been wholely set a longitudinal terminal surface, and described longitudinal terminal surface opposite side is disposed with vertical exciting source and vertical cover plate; Described transverse end surface is arranged on the vertical face of upper strata step of described handle of a knife, and described horizontal cover plate and lateral excitation source are positioned at the groove of described upper strata step; Described longitudinal terminal surface is arranged on the horizontal plane of lower floor's step of described handle of a knife, described vertical cover plate and vertically exciting source be positioned at the groove of described lower floor step;
Described cutter is arranged in the described groove of described transverse-vibration lever and described extensional vibration bar junction.
2. the ultrasonic elliptical vibratory mechanism of a kind of auxiliary diamond cutter ultra precision cutting as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: all offer on described transverse-vibration lever and the extensional vibration bar and subtract the stress groove.
3. the ultrasonic elliptical vibratory mechanism of a kind of auxiliary diamond cutter ultra precision cutting as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described cutter is fixed in the described groove on the described vibrating body by the pretension screw, described pretension screw and screwed hole are short pitch, and described cutter is provided with pin with the end face that described vibrating body contacts, and the pin-and-hole that arranges on described pin and the described vibrating body forms interference fit.
4. the ultrasonic elliptical vibratory mechanism of a kind of auxiliary diamond cutter ultra precision cutting as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: described cutter is fixed in the described groove on the described vibrating body by the pretension screw, described pretension screw and screwed hole are short pitch, and described cutter is provided with pin with the end face that described vibrating body contacts, and the pin-and-hole that arranges on described pin and the described vibrating body forms interference fit.
5. as claimed in claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 the ultrasonic elliptical vibratory mechanism of a kind of auxiliary diamond cutter ultra precision cutting, it is characterized in that: described transverse end surface is connected on the vertical face of described handle of a knife upper strata step by the pretension screw, and the through hole that connects is slide opening; Described longitudinal terminal surface is connected on the horizontal plane of described handle of a knife lower floor step by the pretension screw, and the through hole that connects also is slide opening.
6. as claimed in claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 the ultrasonic elliptical vibratory mechanism of a kind of auxiliary diamond cutter ultra precision cutting is characterized in that: described lateral excitation source and vertically exciting source be piezoelectric ceramic piece.
7. the ultrasonic elliptical vibratory mechanism of a kind of auxiliary diamond cutter ultra precision cutting as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that: described lateral excitation source and vertically exciting source be piezoelectric ceramic piece.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 201110240310 CN102380626B (en) | 2011-08-19 | 2011-08-19 | Ultrasonic oval vibrating mechanism for assisting diamond cutter in ultra-precision cutting |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 201110240310 CN102380626B (en) | 2011-08-19 | 2011-08-19 | Ultrasonic oval vibrating mechanism for assisting diamond cutter in ultra-precision cutting |
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| CN102380626A CN102380626A (en) | 2012-03-21 |
| CN102380626B true CN102380626B (en) | 2013-01-02 |
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| CN 201110240310 Expired - Fee Related CN102380626B (en) | 2011-08-19 | 2011-08-19 | Ultrasonic oval vibrating mechanism for assisting diamond cutter in ultra-precision cutting |
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Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102699362B (en) * | 2012-06-26 | 2013-10-16 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Intelligent diamond cutter with real-time sensing and monitoring system and cutter body matched with intelligent diamond cutter |
| CN102873594B (en) * | 2012-09-27 | 2014-08-06 | 厦门大学 | Height-adjustable inclination type ultrasonic vibration machining device |
| CN103611947B (en) * | 2013-11-17 | 2015-10-28 | 长春工业大学 | A kind of hinge parallel type elliptical vibration cutting flexible apparatus |
| CN103611988B (en) * | 2013-11-17 | 2015-08-12 | 长春工业大学 | A kind of off-resonance three-dimensional elliptical diamond vibrocutting flexible apparatus |
| CN104001943B (en) * | 2014-06-17 | 2016-04-27 | 大连交通大学 | A kind of three-dimensional elliptical vibratory turning knife rest |
| CN104309003A (en) * | 2014-09-18 | 2015-01-28 | 广东工业大学 | Composite vibration ultrasonic milling spindle |
| CN105171926B (en) * | 2015-07-23 | 2017-03-29 | 厦门大学 | A kind of vibration servicing unit of single point diamond cutting cutter |
| CN106312689B (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2019-03-19 | 江苏工大金凯高端装备制造有限公司 | The combined type smart tooling system of two dimensional ultrasonic vibration and cutting force real-time detection |
| CN108227104A (en) * | 2016-12-10 | 2018-06-29 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Optical element flexible support structure height conditioning system and method |
| CN106735355B (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2018-04-17 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of vibration cutting device based on domes characteristic |
| CN106964798A (en) * | 2017-04-26 | 2017-07-21 | 刘祥国 | Integrated vibrocutting cutter |
| CN108311715B (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2023-08-08 | 南方科技大学 | Ultrasonic electric pulse auxiliary turning device and turning method |
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| WO2011078218A1 (en) * | 2009-12-25 | 2011-06-30 | 株式会社村田製作所 | Ultrasonic vibration device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPS58196934A (en) * | 1982-05-08 | 1983-11-16 | Utsunomiya Daigaku | Precision oscillation cutting method for ceramics |
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- 2011-08-19 CN CN 201110240310 patent/CN102380626B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| WO2008146678A1 (en) * | 2007-05-23 | 2008-12-04 | Nec Corporation | Piezoelectric actuator and electronic device |
| CN101502971A (en) * | 2009-03-10 | 2009-08-12 | 北京航空航天大学 | High-frequency ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting device |
| WO2011078218A1 (en) * | 2009-12-25 | 2011-06-30 | 株式会社村田製作所 | Ultrasonic vibration device |
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