CN102374016A - 附件驱动和发动机重启系统 - Google Patents

附件驱动和发动机重启系统 Download PDF

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CN102374016A
CN102374016A CN2011102057689A CN201110205768A CN102374016A CN 102374016 A CN102374016 A CN 102374016A CN 2011102057689 A CN2011102057689 A CN 2011102057689A CN 201110205768 A CN201110205768 A CN 201110205768A CN 102374016 A CN102374016 A CN 102374016A
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CN102374016B (zh
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唐纳德·E·霍夫曼
大卫·A·詹森
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0833—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
    • F16H37/084—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
    • F16H37/0853—CVT using friction between rotary members having a first member of uniform effective diameter cooperating with different parts of a second member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H15/00—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members
    • F16H15/48—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members with members having orbital motion
    • F16H15/50—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios
    • F16H15/503—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which two members co-operate by means of balls or rollers of uniform effective diameter, not mounted on shafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0833—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
    • F16H37/084—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
    • F16H2037/0866—Power split variators with distributing differentials, with the output of the CVT connected or connectable to the output shaft
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/19—Gearing

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

一种驱动系统，包括皮带轮，发动机，包括输入和输出的用来改变输出速度和输入速度之比的变速器，以及可操作地使输入、输出、发动机和皮带轮相互连接的齿轮组。

Description

附件驱动和发动机重启系统
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及一种用于在机动车辆的电机和发动机之间传送转动动力(rotating power)的系统，尤其涉及一种包括具有无级速比范围(steplessspeed ratio range)的传动装置(transmission)的系统。
背景技术
在装配有辅助直接启动(ADS)的车辆上，当由于踩下刹车踏板以及释放油门踏板而使车辆停住时，发动机停止。尽管发动机以这样的方式停止，但电机应当驱动车辆附件(accessories)并且当驾驶员通过释放刹车踏板并踩下油门踏板发出车辆再次移动的信号时重启发动机。电机取代了传统上使用的交流发电机。
设置在电机和发动机之间的电力路径(power path)上的传动装置将允许发动机保持零转速，而电机通过该传动装置驱动附件，当需要发动机重启时准许电机使发动机转动达到启动速度，并且在正常驱动情况下允许发动机驱动电机和附件。
在行业中需要一种在发动机和电机之间的驱动连接，尤其是在配备有提供需要的和必要的功能的ADS的车辆上的在发动机和电机之间的驱动连接。
发明内容
一种驱动系统，包括皮带轮，发动机，包括输入和输出的用来改变输出速度和输入速度之比的变速器，以及可操作地使输入、输出、发动机和皮带轮相互连接的齿轮组。
皮带轮是皮带轮和皮带系统的一部分，皮带轮和皮带系统对电机和前端附件传动系统的其它组件提供可驱动的连接。
当发动机驱动电机和前端附件传动系统(FEAD)时，驱动系统在发动机和皮带轮之间提供可变速度驱动。
系统提供从0.0到约1∶1的可变的发动机与皮带轮的速比，以便发动机可以通过改变变速器速比由电机平稳地重启，而电机继续运行。
通过以下详细说明、权利要求和附图，将会明白较佳实施例的适用性范围。应该了解的是，说明书和具体实施例尽管说明了本发明的首选实施例，但仅仅是通过举例说明的方式给出的。对所属技术领域的技术人员来说，所述的实施例和例子的各种变化和修饰将是显而易见的。
附图说明
结合附图并参照以下说明，本发明将更容易被理解，其中：
图1是包括围绕混合齿轮组的速度调整简单行星齿轮组的驱动系统的示意图；
图2是表示图1所示结构的齿轮组的太阳齿轮、环形齿轮和行星小齿轮的齿数的图表；
图3是表示当图1所示结构的变速器速比变化时系统组件的速比的变化的图表；
图4是包括围绕混合齿轮组的速度调整复合式行星齿轮组的驱动系统的示意图；
图5是包括轴向邻接混合齿轮组的速度调整复合式行星齿轮组的驱动系统的示意图；
图6是表示图4和5所示结构的齿轮组的的太阳齿轮、环形齿轮和行星小齿轮的齿数的图表；
图7是表示当图4和5所示结构的变速器速比变化时系统组件的速比的变化的图表；
图8是包括混合行星齿轮组的驱动系统的示意图；
图9是图8所示结构的齿轮组的太阳齿轮、环形齿轮和行星小齿轮的齿数的图表；
图10是表示当图8所示结构的变速器速比变化时系统组件的速比的变化的图表；和
图11是图8所示的驱动系统的示意图，系统内具有单向离合器和可控离合器。
具体实施方式
现在参照附图，图1表示包括米尔纳球形变速器(Milner ball variator)12和两个行星齿轮组14、16的驱动系统10。发动机18连接齿轮组16。皮带轮20连接齿轮组14、16。米尔纳球形变速器12、两个行星齿轮组14和16以及皮带轮20与发动机机轴中心线33同中心。皮带轮22可驱动地连接电机24。驱动皮带23可驱动地连接皮带轮20和22以及FEAD的其它车辆附件。皮带轮20和22以及驱动皮带23提供电机24和皮带轮20之间的固定速度关系。电机是将机械能转化为电能以对电池充电并在车辆的发动机运行时对车辆的电力系统提供动力的电磁装置。在该模式中，其取代传统上经常使用的交流发电机。当发动机停止以及当需要重启发动机时，其还将电能转化为机械能从而驱动FEAD的车辆附件。
米尔纳球形变速器12包括球形球26并且其是可变几何形状、4点接触型球轴承。内圈(inner race)分为两个部分28、29，并且外圈(outer race)分为两个部分30、31。通过改变外圈30、31的部分之间的轴向距离，内圈28、29的部分之间的距离改变，并且球26在内圈和外圈之间径向地位移。由于球相对于圈的位置改变，球26和圈之间接触的位置改变，藉此改变变速器12的速比。
正如本说明书中所使用的那样，内圈28、29是对变速器12的输入，外圈30、31最好是在壳体或底盘32上接地、不转动，并且绕轴线33转动的球支架(ball carrier)34是变速器输出。变速器12的输出速度始终小于其输入28、29的速度。
行星变速齿轮组14包括固定到皮带轮20的太阳齿轮36；接地的环形齿轮38、固定到支架34的支架40和一组被支承用以在支架40上转动并且与太阳齿轮36和环形齿轮38啮合相接的行星小齿轮42。
行星混合齿轮组16包括固定到内圈28、29的太阳齿轮44；可驱动地连接发动机18的轴48的环形齿轮46；支架50；以及一组被支承用以在支架50上转动并且与太阳齿轮44和环形齿轮46啮合相接的行星小齿轮52。支架50和齿轮36相互固定，并且可驱动地连接皮带轮20。
与两个行星齿轮组14、16结合的变速器12包含产生无级可变速比(infinitely variable speed ratio)的传动装置10。
为行星齿轮组14和16选择Beta比率，即行星齿轮组的环形齿轮节径(pitch diameter)与太阳齿轮节径的比，以便当与变速器12的可变速比范围一起使用时，发动机18与皮带轮20相比的总速比可以在0和1之间改变，或者稍稍超过1。图2表示齿轮组14、16的Beta比率。
图3表示，当使用图2所示的Beta比率时，将变速器12的速比设定为0.15625，发动机18相对于皮带轮20的速比是0.00。在这个速比，当发动机关闭时，电机24可以驱动车辆的附件。当变速器12的速比从0.15625增加时，发动机18相对于皮带轮20的速比将从0.00增加，这样，发动机18将开始被电机24转动。如此，当需要重启发动机时，可以增加变速器20的速比以允许电机重启发动机18。如图3所示，变速器12的速比增加到0.39894，发动机18相对于皮带轮20的速比是1.00，在这期间，发动机18将依靠自身动力运转。在车辆正常运转期间，发动机驱动电机和FEAD的其它车辆附件，变速器12的速比典型地将是0.39894，并且皮带轮20的速度将与发动机18的相同。但是，如果条件需要，通过将变速器12的速比增加到0.20650，皮带轮20可以被超速驱动到相对于发动机18为2.50的速比。
在图4所示的传动装置60中，除了球形支架34固定到复合式变速行星齿轮组62之外，混合行星齿轮组16和变速器12与参考图1时讨论的相同。变速行星齿轮组62包括固定到支架50上的太阳齿轮36，固定到球形支架34上的环形齿轮64，接地支架66，被支承用以在支架66上转动并且与太阳齿轮36相啮合的第一行星小齿轮68，被支承用以在支架66上转动并且与环形齿轮64和小齿轮68相啮合的第二行星小齿轮70。
图5所示的传动装置72的组件以及组件之间的互相连接，除了变速行星齿轮组62轴向邻接混合行星齿轮组16而不是以图4所示的堆叠方式布置外，与参考图4时的讨论的实质上相同。
图6表示齿轮组16和62的一组Beta比率。但是，复合式行星齿轮组62的使用和传动装置60和72的互相连接使Beta比率的选择获得更大灵活度。齿轮组16、62的Beta比率相反地变化。优选地，传动装置10、60和72的最大速比约为1.25。图7表示传动装置60、72的速比以相似的方式像传动装置10一样对改变变速器12的速比作出反应。
在图1、4和5的实施例中，在车辆支承驾驶条件下，当发动机驱动FEAD和皮带轮20时，单向离合器82可以用来直接从发动机18驱动皮带轮20，从而消除传动和变速器的损失。
图8所示的传动装置80除去了变速行星齿轮组，保留下球形变速器12和混合行星齿轮组16。混合行星齿轮组16包括固定到内圈28、29上的太阳齿轮44，可驱动地连接到发动机18的轴48的环形齿轮46，固定到球形支架34上的支架50，和一组被支承用以在支架50上转动并且与太阳齿轮44和环形齿轮46相啮合的行星小齿轮52。支架50和球形支架34相互固定并且可驱动地连接到皮带轮20。
图9表示传动装置80的混合行星齿轮组16的Beta比率。图10表示当变速器12的速比变化时传动装置80的组件的速比。在传动装置80中，发动机18对皮带轮20的速比始终小于1.0。对于行星齿轮组16选定的Beta比率，速比从0.0到0.83变化。
图11所示的传动装置80是在图8所示的传动装置80上增加了单向离合器82和可控离合器84。在其它位置，例如在太阳齿轮44和内圈28、29之间，可以利用离合器84获得相同功能。在图11所示的实施例中，当电机24驱动车辆附件，同时发动机18关闭或同时电机24重启发动机18时，离合器84将接合以允许通过变速器12和行星16传动。在车辆正常驾驶条件下，当发动机18驱动FEAD和皮带轮20时，离合器84将解离，这样，皮带轮20将通过单向离合器82由发动机18直接驱动。但是，如果条件需要，离合器84将接合，这样，皮带轮20将被以相对于发动机18大于1.0的速比超速驱动，超越单向离合器82。当需要发动机18通过单向离合器82驱动皮带轮20时，离合器84的解离功能也可通过扩展外圈30、31的两侧以失去圈30、31和球体26之间的接触来获得。
按照专利法的规定，已经对较佳实施例进行了说明。但是，需要注意的是，还可以实施与详细说明和描述的实施例不同的替代实施例。

Claims (8)

1.一种驱动系统，其特征在于，包含：
皮带轮；
发动机；
包括输入和输出的用来改变输出速度和输入之比的变速器；
可操作地使输入、输出、发动机和皮带轮相互连接的齿轮组。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，发动机和皮带轮之间的速比可以在0.0到正值之间连续变化。
3.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，齿轮组包括：
与输入相连的第一构件；
与发动机相连的第二构件；以及
与输出和皮带轮相连的第三构件。
4.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，进一步包含相对于皮带轮速度降低输入速度的第二齿轮组。
5.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，变速器包含：
固定不转动的第一圈；
包含输入的第二圈；
至少一个与圈啮合并根据球和圈之间的接触的位置以可变的速比驱动输出的球，输出固定到齿轮组的构件上。
6.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，齿轮组包含：
与输入相连的太阳齿轮；
与发动机相连的环形齿轮；
与皮带轮和输出相连的支架；以及
被支承用以在支架上转动并与太阳齿轮和环形齿轮啮合的行星小齿轮。
7.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，进一步包含：
在发动机和皮带轮之间产生可释放的驱动连接的离合器。
8.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于：
变速器是球形变速器，其进一步包括：包含输入的圈，固定不转动的第二圈，被支承用以在所述圈和所述第二圈之间转动的球，以及输出是固定到球的球支架。
CN201110205768.9A 2010-07-22 2011-07-21 附件驱动和发动机重启系统 Expired - Fee Related CN102374016B (zh)

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DE102011079298A1 (de) 2012-01-26

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