CN102363045A - Composite disinfecting and sterilizing device and method - Google Patents
Composite disinfecting and sterilizing device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102363045A CN102363045A CN2011103182953A CN201110318295A CN102363045A CN 102363045 A CN102363045 A CN 102363045A CN 2011103182953 A CN2011103182953 A CN 2011103182953A CN 201110318295 A CN201110318295 A CN 201110318295A CN 102363045 A CN102363045 A CN 102363045A
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- cabin
- electromagnetic valve
- hydrogen peroxide
- ozone
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composite disinfecting and sterilizing device and method. The composite disinfecting sterilizing device comprises a cabin body, wherein a temperature, ozone concentration and humidity sensor is arranged at the top of the cabin body; a barometric pressure sensor is arranged at the bottom of the cabin body; an oxygen source is communicated with the interior of the cabin body through an ozone generator via a fourth solenoid valve; an ultrasonic humidifier is communicated with the interior of the cabin body through a second solenoid valve; a heating element is arranged at the outer side of the cabin body; one end of a peristaltic pump is communicated with H2O2; the other end of the peristaltic pump is communicated with the interior of the cabin body through a third solenoid valve; high-voltage electrode plates are oppositely arranged at two sides on the inner wall of the cabin body; and a vacuum pump is connected with the cabin body through a first solenoid valve. The disinfecting and sterilizing method comprises two alternative modes of low-temperature plasma composite hydrogen peroxide and ozone; the whole disinfecting process is intelligently controlled; and the invention has the advantages of wide application range, high sterilization speed, high inactivation ratio, no residual harm or disinfecting dead corners, convenience for use, high automatic degree and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for disinfection and sterilization that is used for the disinfector of medical treatment and adopts this device.
Background technology
1, traditional hot sterilization technology
Traditional pasteurization is a kind of effective method for disinfection, and it can kill various microorganisms, and the antibacterial degree can accurately be controlled.Though heat kill bacterium method is widely used, the required high temperature of this method causes the thermal sensitivity composition to decompose easily and volatile ingredient scatters and disappears, and energy consumption is also higher, is easy to damage accurate Medical Instruments.
2, non-thermal sterilization technology
(1) ultraviolet: can kill various microorganisms, comprise bacterial propagule, brood cell, mycobacterium, virus, fungus, rickettsia and mycoplasma etc., have broad spectrum activity.Its sterilizing mechanisms is through the irradiation of ultraviolet to microorganisms such as antibacterial, viruses, to destroy the structure of DNA in its body (deoxyribonucleic), makes its dead immediately or forfeiture fertility.DNA absorbs the strongest to the purple of wavelength 254nm.The ultraviolet light decay is bigger, and the life-span is not long; Ultraviolet bactericidal effect and its exposure rate and total irradiation dose are relevant.Ultraviolet can only be along straightline propagation, and emittance is low, a little less than the penetration power, only can kill the microorganism that shines directly into, because ultraviolet radiation has injury to human body, therefore allows leakage anything but.
(2) oxirane: broad-spectrum biocide, sterilization mechanism mainly be it with antibacterial in the combine cellular metabolism of destruction thalline of molecule.Have no dead angle, advantage that penetration power is stronger.But inflammable and explosive, poisonous, have residual.
(3) ozone: ozone is a kind of wide-spectrum bactericide, ozone when spatial diffusion, can rapid permeability to assorted bacterium thalline and cells of microorganisms wall, make its albuminous degeneration, the destructive enzyme system makes the metabolic process termination and is killed.At present, ozone is used the most extensive in all trades and professions.The sterile environment temperature is high more, humidity is more little, and ozone is reduced into oxygen more easily, and Disinfection Effect is poor more; Accurate small-sized medical instrument can not be used ozonization, very easily corrosion; A little less than the penetration power of ozone, low to object vertical-depth killing bacteria ability.
(4) hydrogen peroxide: the mechanism and the ozone that act on microorganism are similar.The one, oxidisability makes molecule or atomic ionization; Thereby the fat chain changes the cell wall permeability and causes cell death on the destruction cell wall; The 2nd, hydrogen peroxide gets into thalline and can react with metal ion in the nucleic acid; The toxigenicity hydroxyl, the phosphodiester bond that acts on DNA makes its fracture, and four kinds of base compositions of DNA are had destruction.Temperature, humidity, Organic substance are all influential to the sterilization of hydrogen peroxide.
(5) low Temperature Plasma Sterilization Technology: a kind of new physical sterilization technology that is field of disinfection and sterilization in recent years.Low-temperature plasma is specially adapted to nonrefractory and to the sterilization of damp and hot sensitivity.But low-temperature plasma also has its limitation, and for example following article should not use the material of Low Temperature Plasma Sterilizers: 1. disposable using apparatus and article; 2. liquid or powder; 3. wooden apparatus; 4. bafta; 5. gauze; 6. incomplete exsiccant article.
At present, both at home and abroad sterilization equipment function singleness is primarily aimed at certain apparatus or material and carries out decontamination, and complex structure, fault rate are high, and environmental suitability is poor.
Summary of the invention
In view of the existing deficiency of above existing decontamination equipment, and consider that the different infectious diseases pathogen respectively has characteristics, different to the toleration of different sterilization methods, in order to strengthen decontaminating effect, the invention provides the compound bactericidal unit of a kind of many sterilizations pattern.
For reaching above purpose, the present invention takes following technical scheme to be achieved:
A kind of composite disinfecting bactericidal unit is characterized in that, comprises the cabin body, source of oxygen, peristaltic pump, humidifier and vacuum pump, and body top, said cabin is provided with temperature sensor, ozone concentration sensor and humidity sensor; Body bottom, cabin is provided with baroceptor; Said source of oxygen is led in the body of cabin through the 4th electromagnetic valve through ozonator; Said ultrasonic humidifier leads in the body of cabin through second electromagnetic valve; The external side in cabin is provided with the heating element heater that can heat the cabin body; Said peristaltic pump one end is communicated with H
2O
2, the other end feeds in the body of cabin through the 3rd electromagnetic valve; The opposed electrode plate with high voltage that is equipped with in body inwall both sides, cabin, said vacuum pump connects through first electromagnetic valve and cabin bulk phase.
A kind of method that adopts said apparatus to realize sterilization comprises the steps:
(1) in the body of cabin, puts into the article that are sterilized, device is powered up startup;
(2) select the sterilization pattern: in " the compound hydrogen peroxide of low-temperature plasma " and " ozone " two kinds of patterns, select one of which, wherein,
A, when selecting " the compound hydrogen peroxide of low-temperature plasma " sterilization pattern, the cabin body is heated by heating, to 47-56 ℃; Open first electromagnetic valve; By the vacuum pump evacuation, the cabin bromhidrosis is forced down behind 2000 handkerchiefs first closed electromagnetic valve, open the 3rd electromagnetic valve; Close the 3rd electromagnetic valve after injecting a small amount of hydrogen peroxide by peristaltic pump, internal diffusion is condensed into vaporific in the cabin to make hydrogen peroxide; Secondary is opened first electromagnetic valve, starts when vacuum pump is evacuated to the 39-45 handkerchief to close first electromagnetic valve, and secondary is opened the 3rd electromagnetic valve and repeated to inject the hydrogen peroxide less than the injection rate first time; Then close the 3rd electromagnetic valve; Open first electromagnetic valve once more and continue evacuation, detect the intravital pressure in cabin in real time, make it maintain the 80-200 handkerchief through pressure transducer; Load high-voltage pulse to electrode plate with high voltage this moment; The hydrogen peroxide of disperse is provoked into plasma state in the body of cabin under the excitation of high electric field, acts on the article that are sterilized uniformly;
B, when selecting " ozone " disinfection way, detect the temperature in the cabin by temperature sensor, when temperature was lower than 25 ℃, humidity sensor detected the intravital humidity in cabin; When humidity less than 80% the time, ultrasonic humidifier starts, second electromagnetic valve is opened; Steam gets into humidification in the cabin, and when humidity was higher than 80%, (oxygen produced ozone through ozonator to source of oxygen; The 4th electromagnetic valve is opened, and ozone gets in the body of cabin, carries out the disperse sterilization.
In the said method, the said high-voltage pulse that electrode plate with high voltage is loaded is 3000 volts.The ozone that said ozonator produces, its concentration is higher than 40mg/L.The said amount of injecting hydrogen peroxide for the first time by peristaltic pump is 4 milliliters; The amount of injecting for the second time hydrogen peroxide is 2.5 milliliters.
Compared with prior art; Three kinds of modes such as the comprehensive ozone of the present invention, hydrogen peroxide and low-temperature plasma (clinically to medical article three kinds of decontamination methods commonly used); Adopt selectable two kinds of sterilization patterns; The intelligent control of whole disinfecting process, have applied widely, sterilization speed is fast, inactivation ratio is high, do not have and torture, do not have sterilization dead angle, easy to use, automaticity advantages of higher.Not only satisfied the decontamination (ozone) of medical bafta article, and can carry out disinfection to medical apparatus and instruments and (under nearly vacuum state, hydrogen peroxide is excited into plasma; Strengthened sterilization effect); To common tract type medical apparatus and instruments, like endoscope, respirator etc., decontaminating effect is good.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing and the specific embodiment the present invention is helped the well detailed description in one step.
Fig. 1 is apparatus of the present invention structural representation.Among the figure: 1, ultrasonic humidifier; 2, H
2O
2Peristaltic pump; 3, electromagnetic valve; 4, humidity sensor; 5, O
3Concentration sensor; 6, temperature sensor; 7, electromagnetic valve: 8, electromagnetic valve; 9, ozonator; 10, oxygen cylinder; 11, electrode plate with high voltage; 12, baroceptor; 13, vacuum pump; 14, electromagnetic valve: 15, cabin body.
Fig. 2 is for adopting the sterilization flow chart of Fig. 1 device.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of composite disinfecting bactericidal unit comprises cabin body 15, and 3 pick offs are equipped with at body top, cabin: temperature sensor 6, ozone concentration sensor 5 and humidity sensor 4; A baroceptor is equipped with in body bottom, cabin.Oxygen cylinder 10 connects ozonator 9, to produce high-concentrated ozone, leads to sterilization cabin body 15 through electromagnetic valve 7 (normally closed); Ultrasonic humidifier 2 (containing pure water tank) is led in the cabin through electromagnetic valve 3 (normally closed) by pipeline, to the high humidity environment of cabin body humidification with the generation ozonization.The external side in cabin is wound with resistance wire (not drawing among the figure), can heat aluminum cabin body, reaches the temperature environment of hydrogen peroxide activated plasma.Peristaltic pump 2 one termination hydrogen peroxide H
2O
2(bottled), an end feeds the cabin body through electromagnetic valve 8 (normally closed), quantitatively in the cabin, to supply with hydrogen peroxide.Body inwall both sides, cabin are opposed is equipped with two electrode plate with high voltage 11, in the body of cabin, to produce high pressure, excites to produce hydrogen peroxide and produce plasma.
The present invention is compounded in ozone and hydrogen peroxide low temperature plasma in the equipment, will look after the demand of two kinds of disinfection way to environment.Ozone all has requirement to humidity, temperature, concentration, and the hydrogen peroxide low temperature plasma is to having requirement to cabin body vacuum.In order to satisfy the demands, reduce the volume of instrument, sterilization cabin body is welded after anti-oxidant treatment by aluminium sheet.
As shown in Figure 2, a kind of method for disinfection and sterilization that adopts Fig. 1 device comprises the steps:
(1) in the body of cabin, puts into the article that are sterilized, device is powered up startup;
(2) select the sterilization pattern: comprise " the compound hydrogen peroxide of low-temperature plasma ", " ozone " two kinds of patterns, wherein,
A, when selecting " the compound hydrogen peroxide of low-temperature plasma " sterilization pattern, the cabin body is by the heating of the resistance wire in the outside, when temperature reached 47-56 ℃, electromagnetic valve 14 was opened, and was bled about 5 minutes by vacuum pump 13, and the cabin bromhidrosis is forced down in 2000 handkerchiefs; At this moment, electromagnetic valve 14 cuts out, and electromagnetic valve 8 is opened, and by closing electromagnetic valve 3 behind 4 milliliters of hydrogen peroxide of peristaltic pump injection, the internal diffusion condensation nebulized in 5 minutes in the cabin; Open electromagnetic valve 14 once more, start when vacuum pump is evacuated to the 39-45 handkerchief and close electromagnetic valve 14, electromagnetic valve 8 is opened and is repeated to inject 2.5 milliliters of hydrogen peroxide; Then close electromagnetic valve 8, open electromagnetic valve 14 and continue evacuation, detect the intravital pressure in cabin in real time through pressure transducer 12; Make it maintain the 80-200 handkerchief; Load high-voltage pulse (about 3000 volt) to electrode plate with high voltage this moment, and the hydrogen peroxide of disperse is provoked into plasma state in the body of cabin under the excitation of high electric field; Make plasma act on apparatus uniformly; Protein and nucleic acid substances in the microorganism of moment puncture at a high speed, etching, oxidation apparatus surface attachment make its deactivation reach the sterilization purpose, and sterilization effect is able to strengthen greatly.After sterilization was accomplished, hydrogen peroxide plasma finally was combined into small amount of water vapor, and unharmful substance is residual, and is harmless, pollution-free to medical personnel.
B, when selecting " ozone " disinfection way; By the temperature that is installed in the intravital temperature sensor 6 detection cabins, cabin; When temperature is higher than 25 ℃; Instrument can not start, and continues cooling under room temperature state (with the heat influence of process of solution plasma ion disinfection mode), in case the decomposition of ozone in hot environment.When temperature is lower than 25 ℃, system start-up, the intravital humidity in humidity sensor 4 detection cabins; When humidity less than 80% the time, ultrasonic humidifier 1 work, electromagnetic valve 3 is opened; Steam gets into humidification in the cabin, and when humidity was higher than 80%, source of oxygen (oxygen cylinder 10 is supplied with) produced ozone with high concentration by ozonator 9 (higfh-tension ceramics generation); Electromagnetic valve 7 is opened (all electromagnetic valves are normally closed solenoid valve), and ozone gets in the body of cabin (concentration is higher than 40mg/L), carries out the disperse sterilization.This ozonization pattern, monitor temperature, humidity and ozone concentration are pollution-free after sterilization is accomplished in real time, noresidue.
Adopt the index contrast of apparatus of the present invention and method and prior art to list in table 1.
Table 1
Claims (5)
1. a composite disinfecting bactericidal unit is characterized in that, comprises the cabin body, source of oxygen, peristaltic pump, ultrasonic humidifier and vacuum pump, and body top, said cabin is provided with temperature sensor, ozone concentration sensor and humidity sensor; Body bottom, cabin is provided with baroceptor; Said source of oxygen is led in the body of cabin through the 4th electromagnetic valve through ozonator; Said ultrasonic humidifier leads in the body of cabin through second electromagnetic valve; The external side in cabin is provided with the heating element heater that can heat the cabin body; Said peristaltic pump one end is communicated with H
2O
2, the other end feeds in the body of cabin through the 3rd electromagnetic valve; The opposed electrode plate with high voltage that is equipped with in body inwall both sides, cabin, said vacuum pump connects through first electromagnetic valve and cabin bulk phase.
2. the method for a sterilization is characterized in that, adopts the said composite disinfecting bactericidal unit of claim 1 to realize, comprises the steps:
(1) in the body of cabin, puts into the article that are sterilized, device is powered up startup;
(2) select the sterilization pattern: in " the compound hydrogen peroxide of low-temperature plasma " and " ozone " two kinds of patterns, select one of which, wherein,
A, when selecting " the compound hydrogen peroxide of low-temperature plasma " sterilization pattern, the cabin body is heated by heating, to 47-56 ℃; Open first electromagnetic valve; By the vacuum pump evacuation, the cabin bromhidrosis is forced down behind 2000 handkerchiefs first closed electromagnetic valve, open the 3rd electromagnetic valve; Close the 3rd electromagnetic valve after injecting a small amount of hydrogen peroxide by peristaltic pump, internal diffusion is condensed into vaporific in the cabin to make hydrogen peroxide; Secondary is opened first electromagnetic valve, starts when vacuum pump is evacuated to the 39-45 handkerchief to close first electromagnetic valve, and secondary is opened the 3rd electromagnetic valve and repeated to inject the hydrogen peroxide less than the injection rate first time; Then close the 3rd electromagnetic valve; Open first electromagnetic valve once more and continue evacuation, detect the intravital pressure in cabin in real time, make it maintain the 80-200 handkerchief through pressure transducer; Load high-voltage pulse to electrode plate with high voltage this moment; The hydrogen peroxide of disperse is provoked into plasma state in the body of cabin under the excitation of high electric field, acts on the article that are sterilized uniformly;
B, when selecting " ozone " disinfection way, detect the temperature in the cabin by temperature sensor, when temperature was lower than 25 ℃, humidity sensor detected the intravital humidity in cabin; When humidity less than 80% the time, ultrasonic humidifier starts, second electromagnetic valve is opened; Steam gets into humidification in the cabin, and when humidity was higher than 80%, (oxygen produced ozone through ozonator to source of oxygen; The 4th electromagnetic valve is opened, and ozone gets in the body of cabin, carries out the disperse sterilization.
3. the method for sterilization as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the said high-voltage pulse that electrode plate with high voltage is loaded is 3000 volts.
4. the method for sterilization as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the ozone that said ozonator produces, and its concentration is higher than 40mg/L.
5. the method for sterilization as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the said amount of injecting hydrogen peroxide for the first time by peristaltic pump is 4 milliliters; The amount of injecting for the second time hydrogen peroxide is 2.5 milliliters.
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| CN 201110318295 CN102363045B (en) | 2011-10-20 | 2011-10-20 | Composite disinfecting and sterilizing device and method |
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| CN102363045A true CN102363045A (en) | 2012-02-29 |
| CN102363045B CN102363045B (en) | 2013-09-18 |
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Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102755657A (en) * | 2012-08-06 | 2012-10-31 | 张家港市欧思瑞科技有限公司 | Vacuum ozone sterilizing cabinet |
| CN103906336A (en) * | 2014-04-14 | 2014-07-02 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Gas discharge plasma generating device with adjustable pressure and temperature |
| CN104437300A (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2015-03-25 | 华文蔚 | Method for generating hydroxide radicals by employing ultrasonic atomization-assisted ionization discharge |
| CN106062652A (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2016-10-26 | 3M创新有限公司 | Systems and methods for controlling humidity |
| CN106362176A (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2017-02-01 | 马剑 | Disinfecting nurse device for wound detection appliance |
| RU168485U1 (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2017-02-06 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Мед ТеКо" | STERILIZER FOR HYDROGEN PEROXIDE Vapor Sterilization |
| RU2610206C1 (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2017-02-08 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Мед ТеКо" | Steriliser for sterilisation with hydrogen peroxide vapour |
| CN108992686A (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2018-12-14 | 石敏 | A kind of Medical sterilizing cabinet |
| CN110478504A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2019-11-22 | 堂美环境治理有限公司 | System for purifying the space of base closed |
| CN111317845A (en) * | 2020-04-02 | 2020-06-23 | 广东威特宝土壤修复科研中心有限公司 | Accumulated potential type disinfection system and method |
| CN111494697A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-08-07 | 清华大学 | Electromagnetic disinfection device and disinfection method thereof |
| CN113350544A (en) * | 2020-03-07 | 2021-09-07 | 成都贝尔斯特科技有限公司 | Cotton vacuum disinfection system and cotton vacuum disinfection method |
| CN113368283A (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2021-09-10 | 郑州圣华药物食品技术开发有限公司 | Method and equipment for sterilizing microbial incubator by using xenon excimer ozone |
| CN113368282A (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2021-09-10 | 郑州圣华药物食品技术开发有限公司 | Pulse disinfection method for preparing ozone by using xenon excimer light source and equipment thereof |
| CN113440634A (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2021-09-28 | 三浦工业株式会社 | Sterilization method and sterilization apparatus |
| CN114288447A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-08 | 成都康盛科泰生物技术有限公司 | Device and method for removing endotoxin in large or special-shaped container |
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| CN102755657A (en) * | 2012-08-06 | 2012-10-31 | 张家港市欧思瑞科技有限公司 | Vacuum ozone sterilizing cabinet |
| CN106062652B (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2019-06-14 | 3M创新有限公司 | System and method for controlling humidity |
| CN106062652A (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2016-10-26 | 3M创新有限公司 | Systems and methods for controlling humidity |
| US10967087B2 (en) | 2013-12-16 | 2021-04-06 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Sterilizer with a humidity control system |
| CN103906336A (en) * | 2014-04-14 | 2014-07-02 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Gas discharge plasma generating device with adjustable pressure and temperature |
| CN104437300A (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2015-03-25 | 华文蔚 | Method for generating hydroxide radicals by employing ultrasonic atomization-assisted ionization discharge |
| RU2610206C1 (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2017-02-08 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Мед ТеКо" | Steriliser for sterilisation with hydrogen peroxide vapour |
| RU168485U1 (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2017-02-06 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Мед ТеКо" | STERILIZER FOR HYDROGEN PEROXIDE Vapor Sterilization |
| CN106362176A (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2017-02-01 | 马剑 | Disinfecting nurse device for wound detection appliance |
| CN110478504A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2019-11-22 | 堂美环境治理有限公司 | System for purifying the space of base closed |
| CN108992686A (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2018-12-14 | 石敏 | A kind of Medical sterilizing cabinet |
| CN108992686B (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2019-07-16 | 石敏 | A kind of Medical sterilizing cabinet |
| CN113350544A (en) * | 2020-03-07 | 2021-09-07 | 成都贝尔斯特科技有限公司 | Cotton vacuum disinfection system and cotton vacuum disinfection method |
| CN113350544B (en) * | 2020-03-07 | 2023-12-29 | 成都贝尔斯特科技有限公司 | Vacuum disinfection system and vacuum disinfection method for cotton |
| CN113440634A (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2021-09-28 | 三浦工业株式会社 | Sterilization method and sterilization apparatus |
| CN113440634B (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2024-03-08 | 三浦工业株式会社 | Sterilization method and sterilization device |
| CN111317845A (en) * | 2020-04-02 | 2020-06-23 | 广东威特宝土壤修复科研中心有限公司 | Accumulated potential type disinfection system and method |
| CN111494697A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-08-07 | 清华大学 | Electromagnetic disinfection device and disinfection method thereof |
| CN111494697B (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2021-10-15 | 清华大学 | Electromagnetic disinfection device and disinfection method thereof |
| CN113368282B (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2023-08-08 | 郑州圣华药物食品技术开发有限公司 | Pulse disinfection method for preparing ozone by xenon excimer light source and equipment thereof |
| CN113368282A (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2021-09-10 | 郑州圣华药物食品技术开发有限公司 | Pulse disinfection method for preparing ozone by using xenon excimer light source and equipment thereof |
| CN113368283A (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2021-09-10 | 郑州圣华药物食品技术开发有限公司 | Method and equipment for sterilizing microbial incubator by using xenon excimer ozone |
| CN114288447A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-08 | 成都康盛科泰生物技术有限公司 | Device and method for removing endotoxin in large or special-shaped container |
| CN114288447B (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2023-09-29 | 成都康盛科泰生物技术有限公司 | Endotoxin removing device and method for large or special container |
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| CN102363045B (en) | 2013-09-18 |
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