CN102361099A - Balancing control system and method for cell array - Google Patents
Balancing control system and method for cell array Download PDFInfo
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- CN102361099A CN102361099A CN2011102192553A CN201110219255A CN102361099A CN 102361099 A CN102361099 A CN 102361099A CN 2011102192553 A CN2011102192553 A CN 2011102192553A CN 201110219255 A CN201110219255 A CN 201110219255A CN 102361099 A CN102361099 A CN 102361099A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a balancing control system and a method for a cell array. A standby cell is added to an end of each column, and a column of cells is added as a standby battery. A cell management chip in a BMS second module acquires temperature, current and voltage signals and transmits them to a BMS first module through a K wire; data of voltage, current and temperature of the cells is transmitted to the first module through the K wire for comparison, and any fault cell discovered is substituted; and during normal operation, the BMS second module controls individual cell rotation, and the BMS first module controls battery rotation. The invention overcomes defects that a prior cell management system can only prompt and alarm when a cell fault occurs, and that continuous usage causes destroy on the battery. According to the invention, once a certain fault cell is discovered, it will be automatically substituted by the standby cell; If no fault occurs, a standby individual cell substituting a normal cell in usage is called rotation, so as to solve cell management bottleneck in the development of motorcycle.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of array device, particularly a kind of balance control system of array and method.
Background technology
Electric automobile with energy-conserving and environment-protective, simple in structure, advantage such as be easy to popularize and obtained very big development, be used widely.Electric automobile is all or part of by the automobile of electric energy drive motors as dynamical system, and therefore, battery management system has very important effect as Electric Vehicle in whole electric automobile.Good battery management system can guarantee vehicle driving safety, increase battery useful life, offer driver's Useful Information, reduce energy resource consumption etc.
Before the present invention; The battery management system of more existing electric motor cars can detect temperature, the voltage and current of single battery; Single Battery pack performance is monitored maintenance; Also can analyze the operating position of whole battery group, SOC estimation shows etc., thereby carry out the intelligent charge management, extending battery life etc.
But; These battery management systems can only just be pointed out and warning function when battery breaks down usually; To remind the user to change or processing etc.,, then certainly will will cause damage to battery pack if the user is in the situation that must use electric motor car and continues to use.In addition, electric motor car needs many batteries to form battery pack, and the condition of overhigh temperature that occurs in the use also happens occasionally, and it obviously is not enough only relying on fan to lower the temperature.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention just is to overcome above-mentioned defective, the balance control system and the method for design, a kind of battery of electric vehicle array of development.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of balance control system of array; Array is made up of M*N battery; Its major technique is characterised in that at the end of each row and once added a reserve battery; Increase by a row battery again as battery backup, battery management chip collecting temperature, electric current, voltage signal in the BMS secondary module are delivered to BMS one-level module through the K line.
Another technical scheme of the present invention is:
The balance control method of array, its major technique step is:
(1) BMS secondary module is transferred to the one-level module with voltage, electric current, the temperature data of battery through the K line;
(2) BMS one-level module with the data that receive be stored in its inner historical data and compare: if do not go wrong, then send instruction and let battery pack run well; If through after relatively finding out of order battery, send replacement instruction for BMS secondary module;
(3) after BMS secondary module receives the replacement instruction of BMS one-level module, utilize relay that fail battery is switched, out of order battery is broken off, simultaneously reserve battery is connected;
(4) reach a single battery replacement equalization function after switching is accomplished;
(5) when BMS one-level module finds to have in the row battery 2 and above battery to break down, send single Battery pack switching command,, connect battery backup through relay disengagement failure battery pack to BMS secondary module;
(6) in service normally, BMS secondary module will be controlled single battery by turns, and BMS one-level module controls battery pack by turns.
In case advantage of the present invention and effect are certain battery and break down that then another reserve battery is replaced it immediately automatically, two and above battery break down in battery pack, then replace this battery pack immediately automatically; When battery did not break down, another normal battery that uses of then subsequent use single battery replacement was called by turns; Another normal battery pack of using of subsequent use Battery pack group replacement prevents battery to break down with this.Hence one can see that, and application of the present invention has improved battery useful life greatly, and can guarantee long-time normal operation, breaks down and can eliminate automatically, thereby solved the bottleneck of electric motor car evolution battery management.
Other advantages of the present invention and effect will continue explanation below.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1---BMS reserve battery (containing reserve battery) square frame principle sketch map among the present invention.
Fig. 2---(array) each row, row increase the sketch map of reserve battery among the present invention.
Fig. 3---increase delegation, a row battery backup sketch map among the present invention in (array contains fan) each matrix.
Fig. 4---elder generation's string back and single battery replacement sketch map among the present invention (A is after reserve battery is replaced fail battery for the battery that breaks down, B).
Fig. 5---elder generation and back string single battery replacement sketch map (C is after reserve battery is replaced fail battery for the battery that breaks down, D) among the present invention.
Fig. 6---also whole Battery pack replacement sketch map after going here and there earlier among the present invention (E is after battery backup is replaced the fail battery group for the battery pack that breaks down, F).
Fig. 7---among the present invention earlier and the whole Battery pack replacement of back string sketch map (G is after battery backup is replaced the fail battery group for the battery pack that breaks down, H).
Fig. 8---BMS one-level module software schematic flow sheet among the present invention.
Fig. 9---BMS secondary module software schematic flow sheet among the present invention.
Embodiment
System principle of the present invention is shown in Fig. 1 (electric motor car application):
At first, every batteries is connected to voltage, the current measurement pin of the battery management chip in the BMS secondary module; Then will gather the parameter such as voltage, electric current, temperature of single battery, and it is uploaded to BMS one-level module through the K line with the battery management chip of temperature sensor.In BMS one-level module, system compares prior stored history in data that collect and the system, and the result that will relatively judge passes to BMS secondary module through the K line again.BMS one-level module connects upper computer software and equipment, battery pack detection module respectively.BMS one-level module connects BMS diagnostic module, charging module, instrument display module through vehicle body CAN bus system.BMS secondary module takes appropriate measures according to the result received, if any fault then control relay single fail battery is broken off, simultaneously reserve battery is connected.In addition over time, BMS secondary module will make single working battery by turns.BMS one-level module is responsible for measuring parameters such as the voltage, electric current, temperature of the battery pack of whole group, and the wheel of the whole Battery pack group of management changes jobs, and simultaneously data measured and the BMS secondary module data that receives is compared.If judging has whole Battery pack group to break down, then be responsible for the replacement work of whole Battery pack group by BMS one-level module.BMS comprises BMS one-level module, BMS secondary module and control device, and BMS one-level module also comprises the BMS diagnostic module.The present invention is applicable to the array of (M+1) * (N+1).The composition such as the annex of array are shown in Figure 2:
M represents the line number of array, and N represents the columns of array.Being listed as every row at 1-N increases a reserve battery, in array, increases by a row battery backup simultaneously again.So the entire cell array will be made up of M*N working battery and the individual reserve battery by turns of M+N+1.
Array by 6*8 working battery and 15 by turns reserve battery form.Its composition mode have two kinds see Fig. 2,3, the first kinds be earlier behind the string also, that is to say the battery that conspires to create one group of 72V earlier by the battery of 6 12V, form the required array of work by 8 groups of such battery pack again.Each Battery pack is furnished with a reserve battery in addition, and then in array, is equipped with one group of battery backup; The second way is elder generation and back string, and each Battery pack is formed in parallel by 8 batteries, again 6 groups of such battery pack strings is formed the working battery array together.The placement of reserve battery is similar with first kind of mode.
Specify below.
As shown in Figure 2:
In an array, every row from 1,2,3,---to N; Every row from 1,2,3,---to M; N+1 then is a battery backup, the single reserve battery of M+1 behavior.
As shown in Figure 3:
In this example, get 8 row, 6 row, not limit by this; End at each row increases a reserve battery, increases by row simultaneously again as battery backup, is row from first group to the 8th group, and first group to the 6th group is row.The other radiator fan that is provided with of each battery.
As shown in Figure 4:
The replacement situation explanation of string back and single battery earlier:
A is the situation of battery of breaking down; Illustrate is that the 2nd battery breaks down from top to bottom; Failure cause is that this battery operating voltage or electric current or temperature occur and exceeded normal category, the battery management chip in the BMS secondary module with the signals collecting of appearance temperature or curtage fault to after be sent to BMS one-level module, promptly reporting to the police is to be measured by BMS secondary module; Deliver to BMS one-level module and judge, whether decision replaces; Concrete analysis is, at first will report to the police first and is labeled as yellow or red warning it, damages if it belongs to physical property; The reserve battery that just must make good use of is replaced it, and B is the situation behind the reserve battery replacement fail battery, and BMS one-level module is through the battery management chip in the BMS secondary module; Give the energising of relay map; The normally closed interlock of the relay of original connection is broken off, and the battery that breaks down is disconnected, and relay normally open contact is connected; Reserve battery is switched on, the function and the effect of battery thereby the replacement of realization reserve battery is broken down.The relay here also can replace with metal-oxide-semiconductor.But the battery that is marked as yellow warning can also be participated in charging and by turns next time as reserve battery with it; If after the charging, its characteristic of this battery recovery does not also in use go wrong once more, then this battery will be participated in normal work and rotated.If but this battery still breaks down for the second time, then directly it is labeled as redness it is withdrawed from by turns.And send and report to the police and the replacing prompting, remind user's maintenance or change this battery.
As shown in Figure 5:
Also back string single battery replacement situation explanation earlier:
C is the situation of battery of breaking down; Illustrate is that the 2nd battery breaks down from left to right; Failure cause is that this battery operating voltage, electric current, temperature occur and exceeded normal category, and BMS will report to the police and is labeled as yellow or red warning it first, damage if it belongs to physical property; The reserve battery that just must make good use of is replaced it, and D is the situation behind the reserve battery replacement fail battery.But the battery that is marked as yellow warning can also be participated in charging next time and rotates as reserve battery; If after the charging, its characteristic of this battery recovery does not also in use go wrong once more, then this battery will be participated in normal work and rotated.If but this battery still breaks down for the second time, then directly it is labeled as redness it is withdrawed from by turns.And send and report to the police and the replacing prompting, remind user's maintenance or change this battery.
As shown in Figure 6:
String back and the explanation of whole battery group replacement situation earlier:
E be break down battery pack situation, can find out that from this example eight groups (row) are arranged; From left to right; Second group two or two above battery failures occur, then with battery backup this Battery pack group is all replaced, and F is the situation after the battery backup replacement fail battery group.Other situation such as Fig. 4,5 explanation.
As shown in Figure 7:
Also back string whole battery group replacement situation explanation earlier:
G is the situation of battery pack of breaking down, and can find out that from this example six groups (OK) are arranged; From the top down; Second group two or two above battery failures occur, then with battery backup this Battery pack group is all replaced, and H is the situation after the battery backup replacement fail battery group.Other situation such as Fig. 4,5 explanation.
Under battery does not break down situation, the present invention will rotate rest to battery and battery pack, the possibility that breaks down with reduction.
A reserve battery is installed in each battery pack, meanwhile in the entire cell array, is provided with a subsequent use battery pack again.Reserve battery and battery pack are not participated in work under normal running status, be in the state of awaiting orders or substituting.Array work a period of time and accomplish charging after, with reserve battery previous in running order battery wheel is changed.Can guarantee in the entire cell array causing property behind each battery behavior like this, and make each battery all participate in work and obtain having a rest.
Mechanism by turns as follows, entire cell array composition is as shown in Figure 3.After a period of time of having worked and accomplished once charging, rotate No. 1 battery in this Battery pack with single reserve battery, again No. 2 batteries are rotated in next one circulation, next No. 2 batteries are charging normal the reserve battery that just becomes this group after intact.And the like circulation by turns, the mechanism by turns of whole Battery pack is the same with single battery, but rotational cycle may be defined as 5 to 7 days.In addition, can guarantee the chemical characteristic of each battery and the consistency in life-span after abundant the rotating.Therefore, we can say the life-span of having improved battery greatly, and guarantee battery and the long-time operate as normal of battery pack.
Explain and analyze reserve battery replacement principle of the present invention and method once more:
When the battery management system judgement has single battery or battery pack to break down, system will replace it with reserve battery or battery pack.
The replacement method is following, and the secondary control module is at first broken off problematic that Battery pack and entire cell array.Next the secondary control module can confirm it specifically is that fault has appearred in which battery in this Battery pack, out of order battery is opened circuit to fall, just with this battery state of deactivating.Reserve battery is joined in the battery pack at last, no problem back to be detected secondary control module can join original out of order battery pack in the entire cell array again.If but control module detects in the same battery pack 2 or 2 above batteries when going wrong simultaneously, at this moment just need whole battery group be withdrawed from from operating state,, in proper working order with battery backup to guarantee the entire cell array with its whole replacement.The step of replacement is the same with single battery.
The reserve battery strategy has improved the reliability of system, under the situation that has the minority battery to break down, still can guarantee the whole system operate as normal.Can simply calculate common batteries array and add reliability difference between the array of reserve battery: suppose that the common batteries array is to be made up of the individual battery of 6*8 (just 8 row, 6 of row), the failure rate of single battery is 0.1%.Then the failure rate of entire cell array will be 4.69%, as long as because there is a battery to break down, the entire cell array all can be affected, the expansion that the area that damages simultaneously will be gradually.Have a look the reliability of the array that has added reserve battery below again.Array is made up of 6*8 battery equally, and the failure rate of single battery is all 0.1%, and different is the reserve battery of each group increase at array.Reserve battery is not participate in work under the normal condition, and reserve battery can make single-row failure rate be reduced to 0.00359%, and the failure rate of entire cell array is reduced to 0.000288%.
So even fault has appearred in array, the replacement through reserve battery still can guarantee the whole system operate as normal, and reliability was greatly increased with comparing originally, has also stoped the further damage of fail battery simultaneously.Meanwhile, battery pack all will store among the EEPROM in order to inquiring about or in upper computer software, analyzing by turns each time with failure condition.
Battery failures processing procedure in the battery pack is described once more:
After a battery in the Battery pack has fault, break off whole Battery pack earlier, break off fail battery then, fail battery has just been withdrawed from operating state like this.Simultaneously connect reserve battery,, again whole battery group is linked in the working group if detect no problemly.This replacement policy is applicable to earlier the string back and with earlier and two kinds of battery pack connected modes of back string, sees Fig. 4 and Fig. 5.Whole replacement process is controlled automatically by module and is carried out, and does not need user's participation.After replacement, battery pack still can operate as normal, simultaneously the fail battery insulation blocking is got up, and avoids it further to be damaged, and has stoped impaired area further to enlarge.
The whole battery group fault treating procedure is described once more:
After having a plurality of batteries to break down in the Battery pack, whole battery group just becomes the fail battery group, and the replacement single battery is not enough to solve whole problem.Will break off the fail battery group this time, connect battery backup simultaneously.See Fig. 6 and Fig. 7.
Whole replacement process is the same with replacement single battery step, and what difference was to replace is whole battery backup.This alternative can be used in the medium-to-high grade battery of electric vehicle management system and first kind of alternative forms the height collocation.Battery backup has been brought up to a high level with the reliability of whole battery group, even taken place to occur this small probability situation that a plurality of batteries damage in the same Battery pack, still can guarantee the whole system operate as normal, can not influence user's use.
The too high cooling processing procedure of battery pack temperature is described once more:
The fan that on each battery, adds a heat radiation; As shown in Figure 4ly detect the ambient temperature T environment of battery pack when too high when the BMS system, can drive the supporting variable speed fan of whole battery group, the drive current of fan is controlled; Utilize fan that battery pack is lowered the temperature; The high more drive current of temperature is big more, and it is fast more that fan changes, and increases air flow.The temperature of whole battery group is controlled at a reasonable range, avoids battery Yin Wendu too high and damage.Close ventilating opening when ambient temperature is lower than 12 ℃ when detecting, guarantee the temperature of battery pack.If the temperature of single battery is higher than the whole battery group mean temperature more than 10% in addition, the fan that just drives this battery carries out independent cooling to it.
Working temperature is the important parameter of battery, can reflect the health status of battery to a certain extent.So before the battery damage was replaced, the battery cooling system can guarantee that whole battery group is operated in suitable temperature, reduces the possibility of its damage.
BMS software flow pattern brief description such as Fig. 8, shown in Figure 9.
BMS one-level module flowchart text:
Carry out some initialized work after powering on, then begin to receive measurement data by BMS secondary module.BMS one-level module is responsible for the work such as estimation, filtering and data processing of SOC.And judged result returned to BMS secondary module, the measure-controlling unit of BMS one-level module will be responsible for the monitoring and the replacement work of whole Battery pack simultaneously.The user can carry out through touch-screen or PC and primary module alternately in addition.
BMS secondary module flowchart text:
After powering on, BMS secondary module begins self check, then begin to measure single battery parameter such as voltage, electric current, temperature and and the one-level module carry out alternately.According to the judged result of receiving, single battery is replaced or alternate operation.
Increase reliability and life-span that reserve battery and temperature controlled battery management system can improve whole battery group significantly.Proposing this notion of reserve battery strategy in the industry cycle also is a kind of invention of innovation.The common battery pack of comparing has added reserve battery and temperature controlled battery pack, though on cost and volume, increase to some extent, has solved industry lithium battery management and balanced control problem in use.Because the volume of lithium battery itself is just little, so the increase on the volume does not have too much influence for whole system.About 30% cost as for increasing also is an acceptable with respect to the reliability that has improved several magnitude.
This battery management system is to have proposed Fault Processing with the previous maximum difference of most of battery management systems that proposes.Battery management system before this can only be given be out of order prompting and warning function, but can't handling failure.Under the situation that has the minority battery to damage, possibly directly cause whole battery group all can not work normally.But the user need still want to keep the whole system operate as normal under the out of order situation of minority battery, rather than the yellow alarm of concern battery on tenterhooks and life problems thereof.
That is to say that the user hopes that whole system has a high reliability and certain redundancy.Under such background, propose just based on the battery management system of reserve battery strategy.
The reserve battery strategy has the following advantages:
1. the mechanism by turns of battery pack is that each battery all participates among the work, and can have a rest by turns again simultaneously keeps consistency battery and good working order.
2. before reserve battery, the battery cooling system is an important link.Be equivalent to play the effect of a prevention, reduced the possibility that battery damages.
3. when the battery cooling system can not be dealt with problems, BMS will launch the reserve battery strategy.Reserve battery makes the reliability of whole battery group improve several magnitude, and a few battery damages and can not influence the user and use normally.
4. the reserve battery strategy provides the just scheme of collocation, in the electric motor car of low grade, only provides single reserve battery to get final product, and in medium-to-high grade electric motor car, can provide the whole reserve battery of organizing further to improve the reliability of whole system.
Can know that through above analysis the control method of employing reserve battery is very significant for the reliability lifting of battery management system.Its handling failure and trouble saving automatically of what is more important does not influence user's normal use and increases the service life, and this is very important in the battery of electric vehicle management.
Principle of the present invention can be extended the energy storage cabinet aspect of power equipments such as the wind-force that applies in the new forms of energy, photovoltaic, has broad application prospects.
Claims (5)
1. the balance control system of an array; Array is made up of M*N battery; It is characterized in that once adding a reserve battery at the end of each row; Increase by a row battery again as battery backup, battery management chip collecting temperature, electric current, voltage signal in the BMS secondary module are delivered to BMS one-level module through the K line.
2. the balance control system of a kind of array according to claim 1 is characterized in that BMS one-level module connects host computer monitoring software and equipment, battery pack detection module respectively.
3. the balance control method of array, its step is:
(1) BMS secondary module is transferred to the one-level module with voltage, electric current, the temperature data of battery through the K line;
(2) BMS one-level module with the data that receive be stored in its inner historical data and compare: if do not go wrong, then send instruction and let battery pack run well; If through after relatively finding out of order battery, send replacement instruction for BMS secondary module;
(3) after BMS secondary module receives the replacement instruction of BMS one-level module, utilize relay that fail battery is switched, out of order battery is broken off, simultaneously reserve battery is connected;
(4) reach a single battery replacement equalization function after switching is accomplished;
(5) when BMS one-level module finds to have in the row battery 2 and above battery to break down, send single Battery pack switching command,, connect battery backup through relay disengagement failure battery pack to BMS secondary module;
(6) in service normally, BMS secondary module will be controlled single battery by turns, and BMS one-level module controls battery pack by turns.
4. the balance control method of array according to claim 3 is characterized in that in step (2), and battery failures belongs to physical property and damages, and uses red alarm, does not re-use after replacing with reserve battery; Damage if battery failures belongs to non-physical property, use yellow alarm, after replacing with reserve battery, be used as reserve battery and rotate.
5. the balance control method of array according to claim 4; It is characterized in that if battery failures belongs to non-physical property breaking-up and is taken as reserve battery when rotating; This battery still breaks down for the second time, then directly it is labeled as redness it is withdrawed from by turns.
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| CN104967352A (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2015-10-07 | 国家电网公司 | Energy storage converter and balanced control method |
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| CN106585401A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2017-04-26 | 芜湖市吉安汽车电子销售有限公司 | Self-charging control system for batteries of new energy automobile |
| CN106891762A (en) * | 2017-02-21 | 2017-06-27 | 河南豫清新能源产业有限公司 | A kind of accumulator of electric car replaces dead battery method in safeguarding |
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| CN107134597A (en) * | 2017-03-21 | 2017-09-05 | 国网浙江海宁市供电公司 | A kind of energy-storage battery group diagnosis and maintenance system and method |
| CN107394844A (en) * | 2017-06-19 | 2017-11-24 | 广州汇安科技有限公司 | A kind of portable power source device and control method of highly reliable strong adaptability |
| CN107808984A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-03-16 | 深圳市科卫泰实业发展有限公司 | A kind of intelligent battery group |
| CN108387848A (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2018-08-10 | 湖州师范学院 | A kind of method of the single battery of consistency difference in automatic replacing power battery pack |
| CN109050275A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-12-21 | 北京长城华冠汽车科技股份有限公司 | A kind of grouping method and device of electric automobile battery box |
| CN111801828A (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2020-10-20 | 苏州精控能源科技有限公司 | Management method, system, equipment and storage medium of vehicle-mounted intelligent battery pack |
| CN109802188A (en) * | 2019-02-25 | 2019-05-24 | 北京长城华冠汽车科技股份有限公司 | A kind of method and system that multiple battery units are carried out with load balancing control |
| CN109802188B (en) * | 2019-02-25 | 2021-01-26 | 北京长城华冠汽车科技股份有限公司 | Method and system for carrying out load balancing control on multiple battery units |
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Application publication date: 20120222 |