CN102359797B - System and method for reducing noise of phase generated carrier (PGC) system in optical fiber hydrophone - Google Patents

System and method for reducing noise of phase generated carrier (PGC) system in optical fiber hydrophone Download PDF

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CN102359797B
CN102359797B CN201110191719.4A CN201110191719A CN102359797B CN 102359797 B CN102359797 B CN 102359797B CN 201110191719 A CN201110191719 A CN 201110191719A CN 102359797 B CN102359797 B CN 102359797B
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张敏
田长栋
戴之光
王利威
廖延彪
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Tsinghua University
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Abstract

The invention relates to the field of optical fiber hydrophones, in particular to a system and a method for reducing noise of a phase generated carrier (PGC) system in an optical fiber hydrophone. The system comprises a modulator (0), a laser (1), a 1*2 coupler (2), a sensing probe (3), a reference probe (4), a first demodulation module (501), a second demodulation module (502) and a decorrelation module (6), wherein the modulator (0) is connected with the laser (1); the laser (1) is connected with the 1*2 coupler (2); the 1*2 coupler (2) is connected with the sensing probe (3) and the reference probe (4); the sensing probe (3) is connected with the first demodulation module (501); the reference probe (4) is connected with the second demodulation module (502); and the first demodulation module (501) and the second demodulation module (502) are connected with the decorrelation module (6). The system can improve the noise performance of the hydrophone.

Description

System and method for fibre optic hydrophone PGC system noise reduction
Technical field
The present invention relates to fibre optic hydrophone field, be specifically related to a kind of system and method for fibre optic hydrophone PGC system noise reduction.
Background technology
Fiber-optic hydrophone system comprises light source input, modulating part, transducing part and demodulation part, and PGC is a kind of modulation system of modulating part, by the system of PGC modulation, is called PGC system.The performance index of Scale Fiber-Optic Hydrophone Array comprise system self noise, dynamic range, multiplexing scale and primitive sensitivity etc.Adopt the dynamic range of the Scale Fiber-Optic Hydrophone Array of PGC (Phase Generated Carrier, phase generated carrier) scheme mainly by carrier frequency and Noise Background, to be determined.Research noiseproof feature, reduction noise scheme reasonable in design, it is the important research content of interference type optical fiber hydrophone array that noise objective is met the demands.For the PGC system that adopts non-equilibrium interferometer, the phase noise of light source is the main source of its output noise.In PGC SDM system (referring to the PGC system of space division multiplexing mode), the Output rusults of different sensing units is occupied an leading position with source noise, a kind of thinking of optimization system noiseproof feature be eliminate between different sensing units same source noise---this process is called decorrelation.
Current existing method is the insensitive reference probe of utilizing 2 * 2 coupling mechanisms to make, and it is carried out to demodulation, then the demodulation result of sensing probe and reference probe is subtracted each other, and removes same source noise.This method, because the degree of correlation of two paths of signals is unstable, causes the result of decorrelation undesirable.
Summary of the invention
(1) technical matters that will solve
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: the noiseproof feature that how to improve nautical receiving set.
(2) technical scheme
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of system for fibre optic hydrophone PGC system noise reduction, comprising: modulator, laser instrument, 1 * 2 coupling mechanism, sensing probe, reference probe, the first demodulation module, the second demodulation module, de-correlation modules; Described the first demodulation module is for the sensing path signal of described 1 * 2 coupling mechanism output is carried out to demodulation through the light signal returning after sensing probe, and described the second demodulation module is for carrying out demodulation to the reference arm signal of described 1 * 2 coupling mechanism output through the light signal returning after reference probe; Described de-correlation modules is carried out decorrelation computing to remove same source noise for the signal that described the first demodulation module, the second demodulation module are exported, and obtains output signal;
Wherein, described modulator is connected with laser instrument, described laser instrument is connected with 1 * 2 coupling mechanism, described 1 * 2 coupling mechanism is connected with reference probe with described sensing probe respectively, described sensing probe is connected with described the first demodulation module, described reference probe is connected with described the second demodulation module, and described the first demodulation module is all connected with de-correlation modules with the second demodulation module.
Preferably, described sensing probe comprises 2 * 2 coupling mechanisms and first faraday's rotating mirror, and described 2 * 2 coupling mechanisms are connected with described the first demodulation module; Described reference probe comprises 3 * 2 coupling mechanisms and second faraday's rotating mirror, and described 3 * 2 coupling mechanisms are connected with described the second demodulation module.
Preferably, described de-correlation modules comprises linear transform module and the 3rd demodulation module connecting successively, and described linear transform module, for the two-way output signal of described 3x2 coupling mechanism is carried out to linear combination, obtains composite signal; Described the 3rd demodulation module is for carrying out demodulation to described composite signal.
The present invention also provides a kind of method of utilizing described system to carry out PGC system noise reduction in fibre optic hydrophone, comprises step:
S1, the light of modulating through described modulator frequency that described laser instrument is sent are inputted described 1 * 2 coupling mechanism and are carried out space division multiplexing, and output Yi road is sensing path signal, and another road is reference arm signal;
S2, described sensing path signal and reference arm signal carry out demodulation through the first demodulation module and the second demodulation module respectively through the light returning after sensing probe and reference probe respectively, then by de-correlation modules, carry out decorrelation computing to remove same source noise, obtain output signal.
In step S2, separate timing, demodulation method used is digital arc tangent demodulation method, and the sensing path signal obtaining after demodulation and the demodulation result of reference arm signal are respectively:
Figure BDA0000074651940000031
Wherein,
Figure BDA0000074651940000033
for the phase information of sensing path signal,
Figure BDA0000074651940000034
for the noise of sensing path signal, it is phase noise
Figure BDA0000074651940000035
intensity noise n i, circuit noise
Figure BDA0000074651940000036
parameter in described system c sthe lower result through the demodulation of digitizing arc tangent; for the phase information of reference arm signal,
Figure BDA0000074651940000039
for reference arm noise, it is phase noise
Figure BDA00000746519400000310
intensity noise n i, circuit noise
Figure BDA00000746519400000311
parameter in described system
Figure BDA00000746519400000312
c rthe lower result through the demodulation of digitizing arc tangent;
Figure BDA00000746519400000313
the output of additivity intensity noise in demodulation result.
In step S2, to carry out the step of computing as follows for de-correlation modules:
The two-way output signal of 3x2 coupling mechanism is carried out to linear combination and obtain composite signal i, make the phase place that comprises sensing path signal in the phase place of composite signal information:
Figure BDA00000746519400000315
Figure BDA00000746519400000316
Figure BDA00000746519400000317
Wherein, i r1the first via of the two-way output signal of 3x2 coupling mechanism, i r2be the second tunnel, K is the splitting ratio of coupling mechanism;
Then described composite signal i is carried out to demodulation, obtains phase value and be:
Figure BDA00000746519400000318
Figure BDA00000746519400000319
Figure BDA00000746519400000320
Wherein,
Figure BDA00000746519400000322
Wherein
Figure BDA00000746519400000323
a fixing phase differential of the two-way output signal of 3 * 2 coupling mechanisms, due to C r≈ C sso, have:
Figure BDA0000074651940000042
Figure BDA0000074651940000043
In step S2, carry out the signal exported after decorrelation computing as follows:
Figure BDA0000074651940000045
(3) beneficial effect
The present invention is by introducing 3 * 2 coupling mechanisms in the system in PGC space division multiplexing, utilize the feature that has fixed skew between its two-way reference signal, realized the tracking to transducing signal phase place, and realized whereby de-correlation, reached and eliminated the object with source noise, made the noiseproof feature of nautical receiving set obtain very large improvement." phase control act " of the present invention decorrelation system can be eliminated the phase noise of being introduced by light source completely, and its cost is that circuit noise and intensity noise improve at most respectively 8.5dB, 14dB.Because circuit noise and light path noise ratio in common system are lower, this system still can effectively reduce the overall noise of system.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is system architecture schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is method flow diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the program flow diagram of the method for Fig. 2 while realizing with FPGA;
Fig. 4 is the experimental provision structural drawing of the feasibility of proof diagram 1 system;
Fig. 5 is experimental result picture, i.e. the decorrelation result figure of 9812 capture cards.
In figure, 0: modulator; 1: laser instrument; 2:1 * 2 coupling mechanism; 3: sensing probe; 301:2 * 2 coupling mechanism; 302: the first faraday's rotating mirrors; 4, reference probe; 401:3 * 2 coupling mechanism; 402: the second faraday's rotating mirrors; 501: the first demodulation modules; 502: the second demodulation modules; 6: de-correlation modules; 601: linear transform module; 602: the three demodulation modules.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.Following examples are used for illustrating the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
The present invention proposes a kind of multichannel sensing probe of the PGC of elimination system with the method for source noise, and has designed the noise reduction system for PGC SDM system.The degree of correlation is larger, and the effect of decorrelation is better.In order to obtain stable decorrelation effect, need to control the degree of correlation of multiplex system.
As shown in Figure 1, system comprises modulator 0, laser instrument 1,1 * 2 coupling mechanism 2, sensing probe 3, reference probe 4, the first demodulation module 501, the second demodulation module 502, de-correlation modules 6; Described the first demodulation module 501 is for the sensing path signal of described 1 * 2 coupling mechanism 2 outputs is carried out to demodulation through the light returning after sensing probe 3, and described the second demodulation module 502 is for carrying out demodulation to the reference arm signal of described 1 * 2 coupling mechanism 2 outputs through the light signal returning after reference probe 3; Described de-correlation modules 6 is carried out decorrelation computing to remove same source noise for the signal that described the first demodulation module 501, the second demodulation module 502 are exported, and obtains output signal
Wherein, modulator 0 is connected with laser instrument 1, described laser instrument 1 is connected with 1 * 2 coupling mechanism 2, described 1 * 2 coupling mechanism 2 is connected with reference probe 4 with described sensing probe 3 respectively, described sensing probe 3 is connected with described the first demodulation module 501, described reference probe 4 is connected with described the second demodulation module 502, and described the first demodulation module 501 is all connected with de-correlation modules 6 with the second demodulation module 502.
Sensing probe 3 comprises 2 * 2 coupling mechanisms 301 and first faraday's rotating mirror 302, and described 2 * 2 coupling mechanisms 301 are connected with described the first demodulation module 501; Described reference probe 4 comprises 3 * 2 coupling mechanisms 401 and second faraday's rotating mirror 402, and described 3 * 2 coupling mechanisms 401 are connected with described the second demodulation module 502.
2x2 coupling mechanism 301 is main parts of sensing probe 3,3x2 coupling mechanism 401 is main parts of reference probe 4, first faraday's rotating mirror 302 and second faraday's rotating mirror 402 are connected to the end face of the arm of 2 * 2 coupling mechanisms 301 and 3 * 2 coupling mechanisms 401, are used for eliminating the impact of light polarization.
De-correlation modules 6 comprises linear transform module 601 and the 3rd demodulation module 602 connecting successively, and described linear transform module 601 is carried out linear combination for the two-way output signal to described 3x2 coupling mechanism 401, obtains composite signal; Described the 3rd demodulation module 602 is for carrying out demodulation to described composite signal.
According to theoretical analysis, the factor that affects the two paths of signals degree of correlation is depth of modulation C and the direct current phase place of two-way sensor
Figure BDA0000074651940000061
due in multiplex system, can control depth of modulation C by adjusting the arm length difference of nautical receiving set interferometer, and direct current phase place is owing to being subject to the effect of the environmental factors such as temperature, pressure, is difficult to directly control.In order to improve the degree of correlation, must control the direct current phase place of two-way sensor, following " phase control act " proposed for this reason, principle is as shown in Figure 1.
The light that light source sends, through frequency modulation (PFM), is inputted 1 * 2 coupling mechanism (realizing space division multiplexing), and a road is sensing path, and a road is reference arm.The signal that two-way probe returns, through demodulation, carries out decorrelation computing, removes same source noise, obtains final output signal.The key of " phase control act " is the use of 3 * 2 coupling mechanisms, and the two-way output signal of 3 * 2 coupling mechanisms has a fixing phase differential can utilize this principle to realize the tracking to sensing path phase place.As shown in Figure 2, method concrete steps of the present invention are as follows:
S1, described laser instrument 1 is sent through described modulator 0 frequency modulation (PFM), cross light input 1 * 2 coupling mechanism 2 and carry out space division multiplexing, output Yi road is sensing path signal, another road is reference arm signal;
S2, described sensing path signal and reference arm signal carry out demodulation through the first demodulation module 501 and the second demodulation module 502 respectively through the light signal returning after sensing probe 3 and reference probe 4 respectively, then by de-correlation modules 6, carry out decorrelation computing to remove same source noise, obtain final output signal.
Signal to sensing path and reference arm is separated timing, and demodulation method used is digital arc tangent demodulation method, and (another can be by only to need in the signal of two arms of demodulation reference arm one
Figure BDA0000074651940000063
calculate), the demodulation result that obtains sensing path and reference arm is:
Figure BDA0000074651940000064
Figure BDA0000074651940000065
Wherein,
Figure BDA0000074651940000066
for the phase information of sensing path signal,
Figure BDA0000074651940000067
for the noise of sensing path, it is phase noise
Figure BDA0000074651940000068
intensity noise n i, circuit noise
Figure BDA0000074651940000069
in systematic parameter
Figure BDA00000746519400000610
c sthe lower result through DAT (Digital Arc-Tangent, digitizing arc tangent) demodulation;
Figure BDA0000074651940000071
for the phase information of reference arm signal, for reference arm noise, it is phase noise
Figure BDA0000074651940000073
intensity noise n i, circuit noise
Figure BDA0000074651940000074
in systematic parameter
Figure BDA0000074651940000075
c rthe lower result through DAT demodulation;
Figure BDA0000074651940000076
the output of additivity intensity noise in demodulation result.
In step S2, to carry out the step of computing as follows for de-correlation modules:
The two-way output signal of 601 pairs of 3x2 coupling mechanisms of linear transform module is carried out linear combination and is obtained composite signal i, makes the phase place that comprises sensing path signal in the phase place of composite signal
Figure BDA0000074651940000077
information:
Figure BDA0000074651940000078
Figure BDA0000074651940000079
Figure BDA00000746519400000710
Wherein, i r1the first via of the two-way output signal of 3x2 coupling mechanism, i r2be the second tunnel, K is the splitting ratio of coupling mechanism;
Then utilize 602 pairs of combinations thereof signals of the 3rd demodulation module to carry out demodulation, demodulation obtains phase value and is
Figure BDA00000746519400000711
Figure BDA00000746519400000712
Wherein,
Figure BDA00000746519400000715
In real system, C r≈ C sso, have
Figure BDA0000074651940000082
Figure BDA0000074651940000083
Then obtain output signal:
Figure BDA0000074651940000085
N ccircuit noise by the two-way output signal of reference probe combines, and its power spectrum density is:
Figure BDA0000074651940000086
Figure BDA0000074651940000087
In real system, the circuit noise of sensing path and reference arm spectrum is consistent.
From the expression formula of γ,
Figure BDA0000074651940000089
By theoretical analysis, " phase control act " decorrelation system can be eliminated the phase noise of being introduced by light source completely, and this is the advantage place of this patent.Its cost is that circuit noise and intensity noise improve at most respectively 8.5dB, 14dB.Because circuit noise and light path noise ratio in common system are lower, this method still can effectively reduce the overall noise of system.
The FPGA program flow diagram of above-mentioned algorithm is as shown in Figure 3:
With respect to existing system, new procedures structure increases a DAT module, linear transform module, time delay module and subtraction block at each sensing path.Wherein resource consumption is to the maximum and in DAT module, takes advantage of the low-pass filter after carrier wave, when FPGA realizes, the 8 road train of signals low pass filter blocks of passing through, so in Kong Fen eight tunnel systems, can ignore the anti-aliasing filter (200～300 rank) of the whole public low pass filter blocks (100 left and right, rank) that only need to increase---this resource consumption before with respect to data output and high-pass filtering (higher than 500 rank).The effect of time delay module is align data, and total time delay number is linear transform module and DAT module time delay sum.
For the feasibility of checking " phase control act " decorrelation system, a kind of practicable scheme as shown in Figure 3.The experimental apparatus adopting has: RIO narrow linewidth laser, 10.6 meters of arm length difference nautical receiving set (2 * 2 coupling mechanisms, be the sensing probe in Fig. 3), 10.6m arm length difference nautical receiving set (3 * 2 coupling mechanisms, i.e. reference probe in Fig. 3), 9812 capture cards (sampling rate 200kHz), PXI446124 position DA (carrier frequency 20kHz).Experimental result is shown in Fig. 4, draws to draw a conclusion:
1. directly decorrelation result can suppress low frequency 1/f noise, but can not reduce the above noise spectrum of 1kHz;
2. " phase control act " decorrelation result has been eliminated low frequency 1/f noise completely, reduces high frequency noise 15dB simultaneously;
3. circuit system noise source is AD noise and photoelectric switching circuit noise, and wherein photoelectric switching circuit noise is higher than AD noise, is-102dB/Hz left and right, and decorrelation result be-95dB/Hz, exceeds circuit noise 7dB, with theoretical and simulation result is identical.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, do not departing under the prerequisite of the technology of the present invention principle; can also make some improvement and modification, these improve and modification also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. the system for fibre optic hydrophone PGC system noise reduction, it is characterized in that, comprising: modulator (0), laser instrument (1), 1 * 2 coupling mechanism (2), sensing probe (3), reference probe (4), the first demodulation module (501), the second demodulation module (502), de-correlation modules (6); Described the first demodulation module (501) carries out demodulation for the light signal that the sensing path signal of described 1 * 2 coupling mechanism (2) output is returned afterwards through sensing probe (3), and described the second demodulation module (502) carries out demodulation for the light signal that the reference arm signal of described 1 * 2 coupling mechanism (2) output is returned afterwards through reference probe (3); Described de-correlation modules (6) is carried out decorrelation computing to remove same source noise for the signal that described the first demodulation module (501), the second demodulation module (502) are exported, and obtains output signal;
Wherein, described modulator (0) is connected with laser instrument (1), described laser instrument (1) is connected with 1 * 2 coupling mechanism (2), described 1 * 2 coupling mechanism (2) is connected with reference probe (4) with described sensing probe (3) respectively, described sensing probe (3) is connected with described the first demodulation module (501), described reference probe (4) is connected with described the second demodulation module (502), and described the first demodulation module (501) is all connected with de-correlation modules (6) with the second demodulation module (502);
Described sensing probe (3) comprises 2 * 2 coupling mechanisms (301) and first faraday's rotating mirror (302), and described 2 * 2 coupling mechanisms (301) are connected with described the first demodulation module (501); Described reference probe (4) comprises 3 * 2 coupling mechanisms (401) and second faraday's rotating mirror (402), and described 3 * 2 coupling mechanisms (401) are connected with described the second demodulation module (502);
Described de-correlation modules (6) comprises linear transform module (601) and the 3rd demodulation module (602) connecting successively, and described linear transform module (601) is for the two-way output signal i to described 3x2 coupling mechanism (401) r1and i r2carry out linear combination:
Figure FDA0000458381100000011
obtain composite signal, wherein,
Figure FDA0000458381100000012
for the result of sensing path signal superimposed noise,
Figure FDA0000458381100000013
for the result of reference arm output first via signal superimposed noise,
Figure FDA0000458381100000014
for reference arm is exported the result of the second road signal superimposed noise, i r1the first via of the two-way output signal of 3x2 coupling mechanism, i r2be the second tunnel, K is the splitting ratio of coupling mechanism; Described the 3rd demodulation module (602) is for carrying out the demodulation of digitizing arc tangent to described composite signal.
2. utilize system described in claim 1 to carry out a method for PGC system noise reduction in fibre optic hydrophone, it is characterized in that, comprise step:
S1, the light through described modulator (0) frequency modulation (PFM) that described laser instrument (1) is sent are inputted described 1 * 2 coupling mechanism (2) and are carried out space division multiplexing, and output Yi road is sensing path signal, and another road is reference arm signal;
S2, described sensing path signal and reference arm signal pass through respectively the light that sensing probe (3) and reference probe (4) returned afterwards and through the first demodulation module (501) and the second demodulation module (502), carry out demodulation respectively, then by de-correlation modules (6), carry out decorrelation computing to remove same source noise, obtain output signal;
In step S2, separate timing, demodulation method used is digital arc tangent demodulation method, and the sensing path signal obtaining after demodulation and the demodulation result of reference arm signal are respectively:
Wherein,
Figure FDA0000458381100000023
for the phase information of sensing path signal,
Figure FDA0000458381100000024
for the noise of sensing path signal, it is phase noise
Figure FDA0000458381100000025
intensity noise n i, circuit noise
Figure FDA0000458381100000026
parameter in described system
Figure FDA0000458381100000027
the lower result through the demodulation of digitizing arc tangent;
Figure FDA0000458381100000028
for the phase information of reference arm signal,
Figure FDA0000458381100000029
for reference arm noise, it is phase noise
Figure FDA00004583811000000210
intensity noise n i, circuit noise
Figure FDA00004583811000000211
parameter in described system
Figure FDA00004583811000000212
c rthe lower result through the demodulation of digitizing arc tangent;
Figure FDA00004583811000000213
the output of additivity intensity noise in demodulation result;
In step S2, to carry out the step of computing as follows for de-correlation modules:
The two-way output signal of 3x2 coupling mechanism is carried out to linear combination and obtain composite signal i, make the phase place that comprises sensing path signal in the phase place of composite signal
Figure FDA00004583811000000214
information:
Wherein, i r1the first via of the two-way output signal of 3x2 coupling mechanism, i r2be the second tunnel, K is the splitting ratio of coupling mechanism;
Then described composite signal i is carried out to demodulation, obtains phase value and be:
Figure FDA0000458381100000031
Wherein
Figure FDA0000458381100000032
Wherein
Figure FDA0000458381100000033
a fixing phase differential of the two-way output signal of 3 * 2 coupling mechanisms, due to C r≈ C sso, have:
Figure FDA0000458381100000034
3. method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, carries out the signal exported after decorrelation computing as follows in step S2:
Figure FDA0000458381100000035
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