CN102353042A - Adjusting method for circulating ash quantity, separator and combustion system - Google Patents
Adjusting method for circulating ash quantity, separator and combustion system Download PDFInfo
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- CN102353042A CN102353042A CN2011102668714A CN201110266871A CN102353042A CN 102353042 A CN102353042 A CN 102353042A CN 2011102668714 A CN2011102668714 A CN 2011102668714A CN 201110266871 A CN201110266871 A CN 201110266871A CN 102353042 A CN102353042 A CN 102353042A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an adjusting method for circulating ash quantity and an adjustable cyclone separator. The adjusting method comprises the following steps of: guiding adjusting wind to a dip leg of the cyclone separator; and changing the separation efficiency of the cyclone separator by adjusting the air quantity of the adjusting wind. The adjustable cyclone separator comprises a cyclone separator, an adjusting wind supply device and an air quantity adjusting device. The invention also discloses a novel circulating fluidized bed combustion system containing the adjustable cyclone separator. By the method, the separation efficiency of the cyclone separator can be changed, continuous and quantitative adjustment of the circulating ash quantity of a circulating fluidized bed is realized, and the fuel ash change adaptability of the combustion system is effectively improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the fluidized bed combustion syste technology.More specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of method of regulating the circulating ash quantity in the recirculating fluidized bed combustion system.
Background technology
Combustion technology of circulating fluidized is the nearly twenties years novel combustion technologies that develop rapidly.Along with the development of fluidized bed combustion syste technology, the advantage of CFBC low heat value, high-ash fuel finds full expression, and becomes the main flow type of furnace of low calorie fuels gradually.Owing to adopt high temperature cyclone separator efficiently; Make the fuel particle repeated combustion that can in stove, circulate; Therefore it to have combustion adaptive property good; The low-calorie inferior fuels of ash-rich such as burning gangue, slag, rubbish; Can adopt desulfuration in furnace; Plurality of advantages such as nitrogen oxide emission is low are one of type of furnaces of present state key development.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of recirculating fluidized bed combustion system A in the prior art.Among the figure, 1 is the burner hearth air distribution plate, and 2 are fuel inlet; 3 is overfire air port, and 4 is burner hearth, and 5 is cyclone separator; 6 is dipleg, and 7 is material returning device, and 10 is hot secondary wind pipeline; 11 is the heat primary air pipeline; 12 is superheater, and 13 is economizer, and 14 is the secondary wind air preheater; 15 is a wind air preheater, and 16 is exhanst gas outlet.
In Fig. 1; The needed fuel of burner hearth 4 internal combustion of fluidized bed combustion syste is sent into by fuel inlet 2; The needed wind that burns is sent into from the bottom of burner hearth air distribution plate 1; Secondary wind is sent into through the overfire air port 3 that is arranged in burner hearth 4 middle parts; The high-temperature flue gas that has ash content that burning is produced rises and gets into cyclone separator 5; Through 5 fens separable flue gas of cyclone separator and ash content; Wherein, Flue gas will be flowed through behind the absorbing and cooling temperature of the empty preheater of superheater 12, economizer 13, secondary wind 14, an empty preheater 15 of wind, discharge from the exhanst gas outlet 16 of flue bottom.The ash that cyclone separator 5 separates then gets in the material returning device 7 through its dipleg 6, turns back to circulating combustion in the burner hearth 4 through material returning device 7.
It is thus clear that; The separative efficiency of cyclone separator directly affects the size of circulating ash quantity in the combustion system; When separative efficiency is high; It is relatively large that unit interval is separated the ash discharge amount; Return the rapid speed of burner hearth; When separative efficiency was low, it is less relatively that the unit interval is isolated circulating ash quantity, and the speed of returning burner hearth is more slow.In existing recirculating fluidized bed combustion system, the ash of furnace outlet and unburnt fuel are most of under the effect of cyclone separator to separate from flue gas, and returns in the burner hearth 4 with material returning device 7 through the dipleg 6 of cyclone separator.
Yet, in the fluidized bed combustion syste of burning high-ash fuel, especially in the recirculating fluidized bed combustion system of mixing the generating of burning or pure burning gangue; Because the content of ashes of fuel is very high; Generally more than 40%, under the effect of cyclone separator, the circulating ash quantity in the stove is very big.When circulating ash quantity is excessive, can exceed the combustion system design conditions, make recirculating fluidized bed combustion system can't stablize again, move economically and safely.
On the other hand; Because the difference in area and the difference of refuse classification managerial skills; Cause that the content of silt particle and dirt is a uncertain factor in the rubbish of various places, when adopting recirculating fluidized bed combustion system to burn away the refuse, tend to run into the excessive problem of circulating ash quantity.If can not limit, can't guarantee that recirculating fluidized bed combustion system can stable operation when carrying out waste incineration to circulating ash quantity.
In the prior art, when excessive, the far away off-design operating mode of circulating ash quantity takes place, under the condition that guarantees certain load, can reduce the carrying capacity of ash in the burner hearth through the proportioning of adjustment primary and secondary air, and then reduce circulating ash quantity.But said method is relatively more difficult in operation, and the cycle is long, DeGrain.At present, take more at large to put ash through manual work and reduce circulating ash quantity, but this kind measure is difficult to control quantitatively, requires very high technical level of operators in the bottom of the dipleg or the material returning device of cyclone separator.Labour intensity is big, both dangerous also uneconomical simultaneously.
Therefore, in recirculating fluidized bed combustion system, realize convenient, regulate circulating ash quantity simply, reliably and have very important meaning.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of control method, adjustable type cyclone separator and New Cycle fluidized bed combustion syste of circulating ash quantity, reaches the purpose of regulating the circulating fluid bed ash amount.
The control method of circulating ash quantity of the present invention comprises:
In the dipleg of cyclone separator, import and regulate wind;
Change the separative efficiency of cyclone separator through the air quantity of regulating said adjusting wind.
The present invention influences the flowing gas state in the dipleg through importing adjusting wind, thereby realizes the regulating action to circulating ash quantity.Along with increase to importing air quantity in the dipleg; The downstream rate of the air-flow in original dipleg reduces gradually; Change into up until airflow direction; And along with the further increase that imports air quantity; The speed uplink of air-flow increases gradually, and the separative efficiency of cyclone separator descends gradually, correspondingly; Circulating ash quantity reduces gradually, otherwise then circulating ash quantity increases gradually.
Further, the importing position of said adjusting wind is at the negative pressuren zone of dipleg.
Import at the negative pressuren zone of dipleg and to regulate wind, its advantage is, the first, can avoid the outer spray of circulating ash in the dipleg; The second, not only the adjustable range to the cyclone separator separative efficiency is big, and the sensitivity of regulating is also than higher; The 3rd, can avoid the obstruction and the bridging of circulating ash in the dipleg.
Further, the air quantity of regulating said adjusting wind makes the importing point of said adjusting wind in dipleg be always negative pressure state.
Guarantee to regulate the importing point position of wind in dipleg through the import volume that limits said adjusting wind and be in negative pressure all the time, can avoid importing a little increase along with import volume like this and become the adverse consequences that the circulating ash that produced behind the barotropic state is sprayed, stopped up or puts up a bridge outward.
Further, the air quantity of regulating said adjusting wind makes the up flow velocity of the air-flow in the dipleg be not more than 2 meter per seconds.
Like this, can avoid circulating ash bridging and phenomenon of blocking in the too high circulating ash quantity instability that causes of flow velocity, the dipleg, help the stable of returning charge.
The present invention also provides a kind of adjustable type cyclone separator, comprises regulating the wind feedway, and this adjusting wind feedway is used for importing adjusting wind to dipleg; The air quantity that volume adjusting apparatus, this volume adjusting apparatus are used to regulate said adjusting wind is to change the separative efficiency of said adjustable type cyclone separator.
Through above-mentioned improvement, adjustable type cyclone separator provided by the present invention has the function of scalable separative efficiency, has improved the adaptability that circulating ash quantity is constantly changed effectively.
Further, said adjusting wind feedway comprises wind regime and regulates the airduct road that said wind regime joins through the negative pressuren zone of said adjusting airduct road and dipleg.
The present invention utilizes adjusting airduct road to draw from wind regime and regulates wind and import the negative pressuren zone in the dipleg; And reach the flowing gas state that changes in the dipleg, thereby influence the separative efficiency of adjustable type cyclone separator and realize the circulating ash quantity adjusting through the import volume of control and regulation wind.
The present invention provides a kind of New Cycle fluidized bed combustion syste that includes above-mentioned adjustable type cyclone separator.
Further, said adjusting wind is the hot secondary wind of recirculating fluidized bed combustion system.
Adopt hot secondary wind can keep more stable blast and improve and the more approaching temperature of combustion system as regulating wind, less to the adverse effect that combustion system produces, and can save the consumption of additional energy source.Simultaneously, regulate the airduct road and draw secondary wind, not only kept the stable operation of combustion system but also saved the cost of newly-increased extra wind regime equipment from the hot secondary wind pipeline of combustion system.
Further, the air quantity of regulating said adjusting wind makes material air-teturning temperature be no more than 1000 degrees centigrade.
The temperature that gets into the ash of material returning device through the import volume control of regulating said adjusting wind is no more than 1000 degrees centigrade, can reduce residue charcoal particle burning away in dipleg, avoids the coking and the bridging of returning charge ash, reduces the risk of compelled blowing out.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:
(1) can realize continuous, the quantitative adjusting of circulating fluid bed ash amount, eliminate the ash discharge heat loss that artificial ash discharge brings simultaneously.
(2) can make things convenient for, simply, reliably circulating ash quantity is regulated, improve the adaptability that combustion system changes fuel ash effectively.
(3) process structure is simple, and reliability is high, and engineering construction is easy.
(4) make full use of original structure, be very suitable for technological transformation existing combustion system.
Description of drawings
Below with reference to accompanying drawings and combine embodiment that the present invention is specified.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of recirculating fluidized bed combustion system A of the prior art;
Fig. 2 is a method flow diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of New Cycle fluidized bed combustion syste B provided by the invention.
The specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of control method of circulating ash quantity, and according to Fig. 2, method of the present invention comprises: step S1, importing adjusting wind in dipleg; Step S2, change the separative efficiency of cyclone separator through the air quantity of regulating said adjusting wind.
In recirculating fluidized bed, because the separative efficiency of cyclone separator directly affects the size of circulating ash quantity, and one of the key factor that influences the separative efficiency of cyclone separator is a gas flow state in the dipleg.Principle is, under usual condition, is the gas-solid two phase gravity flow states under a kind of Negative Pressure Difference in the dipleg under the cyclone separator, and the outlet of dipleg lower end directly is embedded in the dense-phase bed of fluid bed material returning device, makes and keeps certain material envelope in the dipleg.Dipleg is when stable operation, and the flow direction of particle is descending, and the gas flow direction then presents descending and up two states along with the different of particle downstream rate and mass flowrate; And along with the increase of particle downstream rate and mass flowrate, gas integral body presents downstream state, and downstream rate also correspondingly increases.On the contrary; If the airflow direction in the dipleg is transferred to when up by descending; Increase along with gas flow and speed; In the dipleg thinner particle will along with air upflow from the dipleg internal return circles round the wind separator; And along with the increase of air upflow speed in the dipleg, the up particle that returns cyclone separator increases.Therefore the flow and the speed of ascending air are big more, and the separative efficiency of cyclone separator is low more, and for recirculating fluidized bed, the circulating ash quantity of generation is just more little.
Therefore; The present invention imports certain air quantity on the dipleg of recirculating fluidized bed combustion system; Change the flowing gas state in the dipleg, change the separative efficiency of cyclone separator through regulating the size that imports air quantity, thereby reach the purpose of regulating the recirculating fluidized bed combustion system circulating ash quantity.Such as, in order to reduce circulating ash quantity, in dipleg, import and regulate wind, along with the increase of air quantity, descending airflow direction speed reduces gradually, transfers to up up to the air-flow wind direction; When further the air quantity that imports being increased; The air-flow speed uplink will further be accelerated, and carry ash and return in the cyclone separator, reduce the separative efficiency of cyclone separator; Thereby play effective control circulating ash quantity, can avoid the effect of a large amount of depositions of circulating ash short time simultaneously.
Further, the negative pressuren zone at dipleg imports adjusting wind.The importing position of regulating air quantity should be at the negative pressuren zone of the dipleg of cyclone separator.
Since in the dipleg from top to bottom the pressure of negative pressure reduce gradually, when dipleg is longer possibly zone of positive pressure can appear in the dipleg lower end.Import from such zone of positive pressure if regulate wind, then air flow state is responsive inadequately to the variation of regulating the wind air quantity in the dipleg, and the effect that the present invention is produced is obvious inadequately.And, at the zone of positive pressure air intake, cause the outer spray of circulating ash possibly, and cause the obstruction and the bridging of circulating ash.Therefore, the importing position of regulating wind places the negative pressuren zone of dipleg, will make air quantity bigger to the influence property of air flow state.
Further, the air quantity of regulating said adjusting wind makes the importing point of said adjusting wind in dipleg be always negative pressure state.
Because along with the increase that imports air quantity, the negative pressure that dipleg imports point can reduce gradually, until becoming malleation.Become malleation if import point, the importing of regulating wind is hindered, and cause circulating ash to spray easily outward, interior circulating ash obstruction of dipleg and the probability of putting up a bridge also increase greatly, can influence safely and steadily running of boiler when serious.So in the increase of the negative pressure value that imports the some present position with the limit air quantity.
Further, make the upflow velocity of the air-flow in the dipleg be not more than 2 meter per seconds through the air quantity of regulating said adjusting wind.
Along with the increase of the air quantity that imports, the flow velocity that air-flow rises increases gradually.Research and practice show; If the flow velocity of the ascending air in the dipleg can cause the instability of circulating ash quantity greater than 2 meter per seconds, also can cause the bridging and the obstruction of circulating ash in the dipleg simultaneously; What be unfavorable for burning is stable, therefore limits the speed that air-flow rises through the control air quantity.
Further, make the temperature of the ash that gets into material returning device be no more than 1000 degrees centigrade through the air quantity of regulating said adjusting wind.
Research and practice show; Owing to contain a large amount of fine grain unburnt carbon particles in the circulating ash in the dipleg; If the air quantity that in dipleg, imports causes burning away of charcoal particle than conference; Make the temperature of returning charge continue to raise; After material air-teturning temperature surpasses 1000 degrees centigrade; Be easy to cause the coking and the bridging of returning charge ash, cause compelled blowing out.
Therefore, be controlled at below 1000 degrees centigrade or 1000 degrees centigrade for making material air-teturning temperature, the present invention also need further be suitable for the restriction of temperature when regulating air quantity.
As shown in Figure 3, the present invention provides a kind of adjustable type cyclone separator 5 ' and a kind of New Cycle fluidized bed combustion syste B that includes this adjustable type cyclone separator 5 ', and this New Cycle fluidized bed combustion syste B comprises: burner hearth air distribution plate 1; Fuel inlet 2, overfire air port 3, burner hearth 4; Material returning device 7; Hot secondary wind pipeline 10, heat primary air pipeline 11, superheater 12; Economizer 13; 14, wind air preheaters 15 of secondary wind air preheater, exhanst gas outlet 16.In addition; New Cycle fluidized bed combustion syste B of the present invention also comprises adjustable type cyclone separator 5 '; This adjustable type cyclone separator 5 ' comprises dipleg 6; With respect to the existing cyclone separator 5 among Fig. 1; Adjustable type cyclone separator 5 ' among the present invention has increased adjusting wind feedway and volume adjusting apparatus, and this adjusting wind feedway is used for importing adjusting wind to dipleg 6; The air quantity that this volume adjusting apparatus is used to regulate said adjusting wind is to change the separative efficiency of said adjustable type cyclone separator 5 '.Such as, in the specific embodiment of the present invention, regulate the wind feedway and comprise wind regime and regulate airduct road 9 that said wind regime joins through the negative pressuren zone of said adjusting airduct road 9 with dipleg 6; Volume adjusting apparatus is a volume damper 8.In the step S1 of control method of the present invention, obtain to regulate wind, regulate wind by regulating to import in the dipleg 6 of airduct road 9 below adjustable type cyclone separator 5 ' from wind regime; Air quantity at step S2, the said adjusting wind of volume damper 8 adjustings changes the separative efficiency of adjustable type cyclone separator 5 '.Wherein, wind regime can adopt the heat primary air of New Cycle fluidized bed combustion syste B, hot secondary wind and returning charge wind, also can adopt independent blower fan to carry out air feed.At the scene under the restricted situation of condition, can adopt returning charge wind or independent blower fan,, can reduce the thermal efficiency of recirculating fluidized bed combustion system slightly because the wind that returning charge wind, independent blower fan produce is cold wind as wind regime.Under common situation; Hot secondary wind is as after-flame wind; Its allowance is relatively large; Blast is more stable relatively; Influence to combustion system is less relatively; Therefore preferably in the specific embodiment of the present invention adopt hot secondary wind as regulating wind, that is, with the hot secondary wind in the hot secondary wind pipeline 10 of this combustion system B as wind regime.
With certain 75 tons/time medium temperature and medium pressure circulating fluid bed domestic garbage burning electricity generation boiler be example; Fuel ash content surpasses 50%; Before transforming; Because circulating ash quantity is too big; A large amount of ashes of putting need be carried out every day in the material returning device bottom, causes site environment very abominable, and labour intensity is very big; The heat loss of ash discharge is also bigger, the personal safety of putting grey personnel is also constituted seriously to threaten simultaneously.After the process transformation of Fig. 3; Existing cyclone separator 5 is modified into adjustment type cyclone separator 5 '; Volume damper 8 is fixed on the adjusting airduct road 9; And the air quantity that imports dipleg 6 regulated, suitably reduce the separative efficiency of cyclone separator, make circulating ash quantity significantly reduce; Avoided artificial operation of putting ash effectively; Improve Field Force's condition of work greatly, eliminated the heat loss that ash discharge causes, improved the overall thermal efficiency of boiler.
In practical application, should be according to the concrete actual conditions of each boiler of power plant, carry out comprehensively relatively after, optimize and confirm that wind regime, the air quantity of regulating wind, dipleg import some important parameters such as position of point, the method that the present invention is proposed reaches best effect.
Should be appreciated that the above detailed description of technical scheme of the present invention being carried out by preferred embodiment is schematic and nonrestrictive.Those of ordinary skill in the art is reading on the basis of specification of the present invention and can make amendment to the technical scheme that each embodiment put down in writing, and perhaps part technical characterictic wherein is equal to replacement; And these are revised or replacement, do not make the spirit and scope of the essence disengaging various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme of relevant art scheme.Protection scope of the present invention is only limited the claims of enclosing.
Claims (9)
1. the control method of a circulating ash quantity is characterized in that,
In the dipleg of cyclone separator, import and regulate wind;
Change the separative efficiency of cyclone separator through the air quantity of regulating said adjusting wind.
2. the control method of circulating ash quantity according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
The importing position of said adjusting wind is at the negative pressuren zone of dipleg.
3. the control method of circulating ash quantity according to claim 2 is characterized in that,
The air quantity of regulating said adjusting wind makes the importing point of said adjusting wind in dipleg be always negative pressure state.
4. the control method of circulating ash quantity according to claim 3 is characterized in that,
The air quantity of regulating said adjusting wind makes the up flow velocity of the air-flow in the dipleg be not more than 2 meter per seconds.
5. an adjustable type cyclone separator is characterized in that, comprising:
Regulate the wind feedway, this adjusting wind feedway is used for importing adjusting wind to dipleg;
The air quantity that volume adjusting apparatus, this volume adjusting apparatus are used to regulate said adjusting wind is to change the separative efficiency of said adjustable type cyclone separator.
6. adjustable type cyclone separator according to claim 5 is characterized in that,
Said adjusting wind feedway comprises wind regime and regulates the airduct road that said wind regime joins through the negative pressuren zone of said adjusting airduct road and dipleg.
7. New Cycle fluidized bed combustion syste that comprises claim 5 or 6 described adjustable type cyclone separators.
8. New Cycle fluidized bed combustion syste according to claim 7 is characterized in that,
The wind regime of said adjusting wind is hot secondary wind.
9. New Cycle fluidized bed combustion syste according to claim 8 is characterized in that,
The air quantity of regulating said adjusting wind makes material air-teturning temperature be no more than 1000 degrees centigrade.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103017329A (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2013-04-03 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Hot-blast stove system and method for different-speed circulating fluidized bed |
| CN103471130A (en) * | 2013-06-08 | 2013-12-25 | 天津高德恒立科技有限公司 | Preheating method and preheating device for gas burner |
| CN108036309A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-05-15 | 青岛特利尔环保股份有限公司 | A kind of circulating fluidized bed boiler systems |
| CN108050527A (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2018-05-18 | 淮安中科环保电力有限公司 | Flue gas separation method and cannula type cyclone separator based on cyclone separator |
| CN109621690A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-04-16 | 北京国电龙源环保工程有限公司 | A kind of circulating fluid bed reactor with flow-disturbing inner member |
| CN115289462A (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2022-11-04 | 清华大学 | Adjusting structure of circulating flow rate of circulating fluidized bed boiler |
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| CN109621690A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-04-16 | 北京国电龙源环保工程有限公司 | A kind of circulating fluid bed reactor with flow-disturbing inner member |
| CN109621690B (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2023-12-19 | 国能龙源环保有限公司 | Circulating fluidized bed reactor with turbulent flow inner member |
| CN115289462A (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2022-11-04 | 清华大学 | Adjusting structure of circulating flow rate of circulating fluidized bed boiler |
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Application publication date: 20120215 |