CN102349574B - Method for preserving Litchi chinensis Sonn by using quaternary ammonium salt - Google Patents
Method for preserving Litchi chinensis Sonn by using quaternary ammonium salt Download PDFInfo
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- CN102349574B CN102349574B CN 201110280372 CN201110280372A CN102349574B CN 102349574 B CN102349574 B CN 102349574B CN 201110280372 CN201110280372 CN 201110280372 CN 201110280372 A CN201110280372 A CN 201110280372A CN 102349574 B CN102349574 B CN 102349574B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preserving Litchi chinensis Sonn by using quaternary ammonium salt, which comprises the following steps of: on a sunny day, picking Litchi chinensis Sonn fruits which have maturity being 80 percent to 90 percent and are free of mechanical damages, diseases and insects; dipping the Litchi chinensis Sonn fruits in bactericide for 0.5-3min, wherein the bactericide contains 0.05-1 percent of bactericidal substances and remaining percent of water by 100 total mass percent, and the bactericidal substances consist of bis-decyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride according to mass ratio being 6:4; and then precooling, packaging and storing the Litchi chinensis Sonn fruits which are subject to bactericidal treatment. After the Litchi chinensis Sonn fruits which are picked in proper time and are in a good condition are sterilized, precooled and packaged in polyethylene bags by using the method disclosed by the invention, the Litchi chinensis Sonn fruits can be effectively prevented from being rotted at low temperature. By using the method disclosed by the invention for storing and preserving the Litchi chinensis Sonn fruits, after the Litchi chinensis Sonn fruits are stored for 30 days at low temperature, the rotting rate is below 5 percent.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the storage technique of fruit, be specifically related to a kind of method with the quaternary ammonium salt Preservation of Litchi chinensis Fruits.
Background technology:
Lichee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) belongs to Sapindaceae, for originating in the name fruit of south China, is one of fruit the most competitive on the international market.Because litchi fruits in full summer high temperature season is gathered, and adds that its structure is special, very easily brown stain and rotting after gathering.Particularly at normal temperatures, 2-3 days is that brown stain is rotted, and loses commodity value.Adopting rear rotting is that the restriction lichee stores and transports, causes one of principal element that shelf life is short and fruit commodity value descends for a long time.At present, control lichee in the production and rot mainly to adopt chemical bactericide, used bactericide carbendazim, thiophanate, TBZ to be arranged, press down azoles advanced in years, sporgon, Shi Baoke etc., this series bactericidal agent belongs to pesticide.Chemical bactericide has certain effect to reducing fruit rot, but its high residue harm humans health and pathogen easily develop immunity to drugs to chemical bactericide, so the efficient antiseptic preservation technology of research safety is imperative.
Quaternary ammonium compound is the compound that a class is mainly formed by the further alkylation of aliphatic acid tertiary amine, and it also has some special performances such as sterilization, kills algae, mildew-resistant ability except the character with general cationic surfactant.Quaternary ammonium salt has a broad antifungal spectrum, toxicity be low, than easily biological-degradable.Quaternary ammonium compound is widely used in skin and mucous membrane disinfection, surgical hand sterilization and the medical apparatus sterilizing of hospital at present, also be used for various public places and produce the apparatus of each row and the sterilization of equipment, and the mildew-resistant of industrial goods and agriculture crops, the disinfecting aquaculture of animal house, algae are killed, plastic antimicrobial agent prepares, compound disinfectant preparation etc.Recently studies show that quaternary ammonium salt is having certain effect aspect the control fungal diseases of plants.Dodecyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and two eight, ten quaternary ammonium alkyl salt pair tomato gray mould bacterium (Botrytis cinerea) mycelial growths and spore germination have stronger inhibitory action, its virulence and phonetic mould amine and the mould prestige aqueous suspension of second be (Chen Zhaoliang etc., 2007 quite; Yang Xiaonan etc., 2010), in addition, these two kinds of quaternary ammonium salts have grey mould fruit rot of strawberry and tobacco gray mold and have very strong inhibitory action (Yang Xiaonan etc., 2010); Field control effectiveness test shows, dodecyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and two eight, ten quaternary ammonium alkyl salt pair plants tomato gray mould bacterium, cucumber timberrot and powdery mildew of cucumber in growth course all show good prevention effect, drug effect is suitable with eyeball bacterium azoles with routine contrast bactericide procymidone respectively, and effect is rapid, lasting medicine, to cucumber and tomato comparatively safe (Chen Zhaoliang, 2008).Therefore, quaternary ammonium salt is expected to playing a significant role aspect the control postharvest disease of fruits and vegetables.
Summary of the invention:
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of litchi fruits of effectively controlling and adopt the rear rotten method with the quaternary ammonium salt Preservation of Litchi chinensis Fruits.
Method with the quaternary ammonium salt Preservation of Litchi chinensis Fruits of the present invention is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) select finely to gather, eight to ninety percent ripe, have no mechanical damage and the litchi fruits of disease and pest;
(2) place bactericide to soak litchi fruits, soak time is 0.5～3min, described bactericide, and by gross mass mark 100%, Fungicidal substance 0.05～1%, surplus is water; Described Fungicidal substance is made of in mass ratio two decyl alkyl dimethyl ammonium chlorides and dodecyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride at 6: 4;
(3) again with the litchi fruits precooling after the sterilization processing, packing, storage.
Described precooling is preferably at 0～4 ℃, precooling 6～12 hours.
Described litchi fruits being packed, is to pack with the 0.03mm Polythene Bag near the litchi fruits of reserve temperature through precooling.The litchi fruits temperature is for reducing in the litchi fruits storage " dewfall " near reserve temperature as far as possible.
Described storage preferably places 2～4 ℃ of lower storages.
Lychee storage preservation method of the present invention, the litchi fruits that timely collecting is in good condition carries out sterilization processing according to method of the present invention, again through precooling, then packs with Polythene Bag, under cryogenic conditions, can rot by the establishment litchi fruits.Adopt method of the present invention that litchi fruits is carried out preservation and freshness, after litchi fruits was preserved 30 days at low temperatures, rotting rate was below 5%.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
The lichee postharvest disease mainly comprises the fungal diseases such as peronospora tabacina, sour rot and anthracnose, and at present conventional sterilization agent has certain prevention effect to this class disease, but has the risk of higher chemical residual.The quaternary ammonium salt side effect is little, and colourless, smelly, excitant are safety low-poison, at present main virus killing of using in medical, the industrial or agricultural bacterium, algae.And the present invention finds that with the virus killing of bi-quaternary ammonium salt for fungi behind the Fruit it can significantly suppress the generation that litchi fruits rots in the cryopreservation process.After the litchi fruits after the processing of the present invention was preserved 30 days at low temperatures, the fruit rot rate was controlled at below 5%.
The specific embodiment:
Following examples are to further specify of the present invention, rather than limitation of the present invention.
Comparative Examples 1:
Select finely to gather, medium well, have no mechanical damage and the litchi fruits of disease and pest, litchi fruits is put into 4 ℃ of precoolings 6 hours, then pack with the 0.03mm polyethylene film, place 4 ℃ of storages.After 30 days, the litchi fruits rotting rate is more than 30%.
Embodiment 1:
Select finely to gather, medium well, have no mechanical damage and the litchi fruits of disease and pest, litchi fruits is put into the aqueous solution that contains 0.1% (mass fraction) bi-quaternary ammonium salt (being comprised of at 6: 4 in mass ratio two decyl alkyl dimethyl ammonium chlorides and dodecyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) soak 1min, pull out in the plastics of packing into, 2 ℃ of precoolings 6 hours, then pack with the 0.03mm polyethylene film, place 2 ℃ of storages.After 30 days, the litchi fruits rotting rate is below 5%.
Embodiment 2
Select finely to gather, medium well, have no mechanical damage and the litchi fruits of disease and pest, litchi fruits is put into the aqueous solution that contains 1% (mass fraction) bi-quaternary ammonium salt (being comprised of at 6: 4 in mass ratio two decyl alkyl dimethyl ammonium chlorides and dodecyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) soak 0.5min, pull out in the plastics of packing into, 4 ℃ of precoolings 12 hours, then pack with the 0.03mm polyethylene film, place 4 ℃ of storages.After 30 days, the litchi fruits rotting rate is below 5%.
Embodiment 3
Select finely to gather, medium well, have no mechanical damage and the litchi fruits of disease and pest, litchi fruits is put into the aqueous solution that contains 0.05% (mass fraction) bi-quaternary ammonium salt (being comprised of at 6: 4 in mass ratio two decyl alkyl dimethyl ammonium chlorides and dodecyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) soak 3min, pull out in the plastics of packing into, 0 ℃ of precooling 6 hours, then pack with the 0.03mm polyethylene film, place 2 ℃ of storages.After 30 days, the litchi fruits rotting rate is below 5%.
Claims (1)
1. the method with the quaternary ammonium salt Preservation of Litchi chinensis Fruits is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) select finely to gather, eight to ninety percent ripe, have no mechanical damage and the litchi fruits of disease and pest;
(2) place bactericide to soak litchi fruits, soak time is 0.5～3min, described bactericide, and by gross mass mark 100%, Fungicidal substance 0.05～1%, surplus is water; Described Fungicidal substance by two decyl alkyl dimethyl ammonium chlorides and dodecyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride in mass ratio 6:4 form;
(3) again with the litchi fruits after the sterilization processing at 0～4 ℃, precooling 6～12 hours, packing places 2～4 ℃ of lower storages.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 201110280372 CN102349574B (en) | 2011-09-20 | 2011-09-20 | Method for preserving Litchi chinensis Sonn by using quaternary ammonium salt |
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| CN 201110280372 CN102349574B (en) | 2011-09-20 | 2011-09-20 | Method for preserving Litchi chinensis Sonn by using quaternary ammonium salt |
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| CN102349574A CN102349574A (en) | 2012-02-15 |
| CN102349574B true CN102349574B (en) | 2013-02-27 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102860355A (en) * | 2012-09-19 | 2013-01-09 | 上海大学 | Leechee biological storage and fresh-keeping method |
| CN103734291B (en) * | 2014-01-03 | 2015-09-09 | 玉林师范学院 | Water-soluble litchi compound nano preservative preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112640902A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-04-13 | 北京洛娃日化有限公司 | Special disinfectant for meat products and preparation method thereof |
| CN116114594B (en) * | 2023-01-17 | 2023-08-01 | 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所 | Induction method of pollen-free male sterile litchi |
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| CN101926386A (en) * | 2009-08-21 | 2010-12-29 | 上海市农业科学院作物育种栽培研究所 | Fruit antistaling agent |
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