CN102343114A - Tissue engineering nerve graft and application thereof - Google Patents
Tissue engineering nerve graft and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102343114A CN102343114A CN2011103244748A CN201110324474A CN102343114A CN 102343114 A CN102343114 A CN 102343114A CN 2011103244748 A CN2011103244748 A CN 2011103244748A CN 201110324474 A CN201110324474 A CN 201110324474A CN 102343114 A CN102343114 A CN 102343114A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a chitosan artificial nerve graft containing a neurotrophic factor and a preparation method thereof. In the chitosan artificial nerve graft, chitosan is processed into a nerve conduit with a porous structure and high tensile strength by performing processes such as weak acid dissolving, injection molding, molding, neutralization fixing, cleaning, freeze drying and the like under the condition of not adding any foaming agent or crosslinking agent. The nerve conduit contains cells or tissues which have treating effects and are included or distributed inside or on the surfaces of tubular body pores, including autologous bone marrow stem cells, autologous bone mesenchymal stem cells, schwann cells or dorsal root ganglion tissues or combinations thereof. A tissue engineering nerve can be used for repairing peripheral nerve defect and can be applied to repairing of spinal cord injury simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to medical science and biomedical engineering field, be specifically related to tissue engineering nerve graft that contains in cell or tissue and uses thereof.
Background technology
Incidents such as vehicle accident in the reality society, industrial accident, motion accident and clinical operation all can cause peripheral nerve injury; Clinically but the neurologic defect of central long distance can not rely on end-to-end stitching to remedy neural disappearance the time just has to rely on graft to come the bridge joint reparation.In recent years, the tissue engineering of getting up based on the principle and the technical development of life sciences and engineering provides a new outlet for making up the neural transplantation succedaneum.Adopt the research of tissue engineering technique repairing nerve damage mainly to concentrate on design and make up new tissue engineering nerve bridge-set; This type bridge normally adopts biomaterial separately at present; Through being processed into the neural guiding channel of tubular structure, for the regeneration of nerve provides suitable space and guiding function.But for long distance, thick neurologic defect, the simple conduit of being made up of biomaterial of this type is owing to lack the support of microenvironment materials such as neurotrophic factor, and the repairing effect of obtaining is very limited.This possibly be that the excretory neurotrophic factor of neural broken ends of fractured bone inner cell is limited because long early stage apart from the neurologic defect reparation, is difficult in long distance or thicker nerve trachea, play a role.Nerve autograft remains this type of treatment disease the best way clinically at present.The autologous nerve source of transplanting usefulness is limited, new wound, organizational structure and the size of generation is difficult to be complementary and transplant reasons such as supplying head of district's phase denervation, the very big limitation that causes nerve autograft to be used because supply.But the effect that nerve autograft treatment peripheral nerve defection is good points out us in the neurologic defect reparation, to need the effect that relevant cell provides biological microenvironment; If contain relevant cell and tissue on the artificial nerve graft, can improve the repairing effect of damaged nerve.Therefore, ideal tissue engineering artificial nerve graft should comprise timbering material, neurotrophic factor and seed cell three parts.
Chinese patent publication number CN1589913 discloses a kind of tissue engineered peripheral nerve that is used to repair peripheral nerve defection; The stem cell of using the differentiation of neurogliocyte or neurad glial cell is as seed cell; The nerve trachea that adopts Biodegradable material to constitute; Use simultaneously and be compounded with the sustained release microsphere of neurotrophic factor, and contain extracellular matrix.Because neural stem cell research is started late; The neural stem cell of setting up is that the overwhelming majority derives from Mus at present, and has tangible species variation between Mus and the people, and is sharp if use autogenous cell; Because neural stem cell and neurogliocyte are positioned at the central nervous system, the difficulty of drawing materials is very big.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of have living cells or tissue chitosan artificial nerve graft and uses thereof.
Technical solution of the present invention is:
A kind of tissue engineering nerve graft; It is characterized in that; Described graft comprises: (a) tubular body; Said tubular body is meant to distribute in the tube wall that processes with chitosan and enriches the conduit of hole; (b) hold or be distributed in the said tubular body hole cell or tissue with the surface, described cell comprises that bone marrow stem cell, bone are with organizing one or more combination towards matter stem cell, schwann cell or the back of the body with neuroganglion.
Above-mentioned tubular body be porosity 50-90%, aperture 50-300 μ m have loose structure, a nerve trachea that tensile strength is high.
Above-mentioned tubular body internal diameter is 0.5-8mm, wall thickness 0.1-3mm.
So above-mentioned tubular body is under the situation of not adding any foaming agent, cross-linking agent, through weak acid dissolving, injection molding, freeze forming, neutralization fix, technology such as cleaning, lyophilization makes.In manufacture process, the porosity of regulating duct wall through the concentration that changes chitosan solution; Regulate the ice crystal size that generated to control the aperture of chitosan catheter tube wall through changing freeze forming temperature and chilling rate; Degree of acetylation through changing chitosan is with the degradation speed of control conduit.
Above-mentioned tissue engineering nerve graft holds or is distributed in the said tubular body hole and the cell or tissue density on surface is 1 * 10
6-1 * 10
8/ ml derives from from body or allosome.
Above-mentioned tissue engineering nerve graft is used for peripheral nerve defection and spinal cord injury, especially thick nerve trunk is grown the damaged and old peripheral nerve defection of distance.
Bone marrow stem cell is the pluripotent stem cell that is present in the bone marrow, comprises two types of hematopoietic stem cell and mescenchymal stem cells.(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells is the non-hematopoietic stem cell beyond the hematopoietic stem cell in the bone marrow MSCs) to mesenchymal stem cells MSCs, is the important component part of hematopoieticmicroenviron-ment.Research in recent years shows that MSCs has the characteristics of myeloid-lymphoid stem cell; There is report MSCs can stride germinal layer and is divided into astrocyte, oligodendrocyte, microglia, neurocyte, Schwann cell; And express nervous tissue's cell phenotype albumen such as correlation factors such as NGF, MAP-2, CNPase, GFAP, OX-42 and S100, to improve the microenvironment in the neuranagenesis process.Recent study shows that MSCs can be induced to differentiate into snow Wang Shi like cell in vivo, outward, and can promote Repair of Peripheral Nerve Injury.Discover, in MSCs implanted silicon sebific duct, can promote the regeneration of rat and dog sciatic nerve.
One of major function of Schwann cell is to form myelin.Myelin be in the vertebrate nervous system around the membranous structure of neural axon eggcase, physiological function mainly be impel sodium ion smoothly through, conduct neural impulse and prevent the insulating effect of neural impulse diffusion.Remyelination, aixs cylinder being regained hold is the prerequisite of recovering the aixs cylinder physiological function.Simultaneously, Schwann cell also has secretory nerve trophic factors such as NGF, BDNF CNTF, FGF, produces functions such as extracellular matrix CEM and cell adhesion molecule CAM, is the support and guidance axon regeneration, and axon regeneration provides good environment.
The present invention adopts seed cell for the neural stem cell and neurogliocyte of available technology adopting; Mesenchymal stem cells MSCs has self renewal; Highly propagation waits the stem cell characteristics; And has the potential that is divided into Schwann cell; Bone marrow stem cell; Mesenchymal stem cells MSCs and Schwann cell source are abundant; Draw materials conveniently; The easy separation purification; And be of the same racely to originate with somatic cell; No immunological rejection; Be more suitable for as good seed cell; Be used to make up engineered nerve, especially for the reparation of thick nerve trunk being grown the damaged and old peripheral nerve defection of distance.In addition; Mesenchymal stem cells MSCs and Schwann cell have the function of secreting, expressing neurotrophic factor; Compared with prior art; Adopt tissue engineering nerve graft of the present invention to need not the repairing effect that the neurotrophic factor of additional external source just can improve damaged nerve, its preparation technology is compared with prior art also easier again.
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described further.
The specific embodiment:
The preparation of the chitosan tissue engineering nerve of embodiment 1 autologous bone marrow stem cell
Using concentration is that the concentration that 2% lactic acid dissolution chitosan obtains chitosan is 1.5% solution.Then solution is injected mould; After-60 ℃ of freezing preforming; Material is withdrawed from mould; Put into 5% sodium hydroxide solution, the acid in the neutralization materials is fixedly after the molding; After with distilled water the salt of excessive alkali and generation being cleaned up; After lyophilization obtains containing the chitosan artificial nerve graft of neurotrophic factor, porosity 87%, average pore size are 220-289 μ m.
Autologous bone marrow stem cell enrichment flow process: extract the about 40ml of experimenter's bone marrow; Anticoagulant heparin notes avoiding grumeleuse to form as far as possible, and bone marrow is transferred in super-clean bench in 2 aseptic centrifuge tubes of 50ml; Use PBS proportional diluted and mixing respectively; Draw FICOLL10-20ml/ pipe * 4 pipes, the inclination centrifuge tube slowly is added to the FICOLL surface along wall respectively with the bone marrow suspension; Make it to form separating surface clearly; 22 ℃, 1350 rev/mins, centrifugal 30 minutes; Close brake; Steadily take out centrifuge tube, in super-clean bench with the sucking-off of middle tunica albuginea layer, in aseptic centrifuge tube; Add PBS to 40ml mixing; 1500 rev/mins, centrifugal 5 minutes, abandon supernatant;
Disposable syringe is drawn the autologous bone marrow stem cell suspension for preparing in advance, injects cell suspension through infusion tube, till filling with.The cell density that keeps being implanted in the chitosan catheter is 1 * 10
8/ ml is till filling with in the conduit.Cell total amount according to the different injections of the internal diameter of chitosan catheter and length specification is different.
Obtain containing the chitosan tissue engineering nerve of autologous bone marrow stem cell like this.
Between embodiment 2 autologous bone marrow towards the chitosan tissue engineering nerve of matter stem cell (MSCs)
Using concentration is that the concentration that 2% acetate dissolution chitosan obtains chitosan is 2% solution.Then solution is injected mould; After-70 ℃ of freezing preforming; Material is withdrawed from mould; Put in 10% sodium carbonate liquor; Acid in the neutralization materials is fixedly after the molding, after with distilled water the salt of excessive alkali and generation being cleaned up, obtains the chitosan artificial nerve graft through lyophilization then; Porosity 72%, average pore size are 130-180 μ m.
Between autologous bone marrow towards matter stem cell enrichment flow process:
(1) cell separation
1. extract the about 40ml of experimenter's bone marrow, anticoagulant heparin notes avoiding grumeleuse to form as far as possible
2. bone marrow is transferred in super-clean bench in 2 aseptic centrifuge tubes of 50ml, used PBS proportional diluted and mixing respectively
3. draw FICOLL10-20ml/ pipe * 4 pipes, the inclination centrifuge tube slowly is added to the FICOLL surface along wall respectively with the bone marrow suspension, makes it to form separating surface clearly
4.22 ℃, 1350 rev/mins, centrifugal 30 minutes, close brake
5. steadily take out centrifuge tube, in super-clean bench with the sucking-off of middle tunica albuginea layer, in aseptic centrifuge tube
6. add PBS to 40ml mixing, 1500 rev/mins, centrifugal 5 minutes, abandon supernatant
7. repeating step 6
8. add MESENCULT culture fluid 10ml, piping and druming evenly
9. obtained cell suspension 20 μ l add leukocyte diluent 180ul dilution again in the EP pipe, in the agitator mixing, get 20 μ l and are added on the cell counting count board
10. count: the mean * 10-E of four-quadrant total cellular score
6Be total cell number
11. with 2-5 * 10E
7The ware number of the required cultivation of density calculation of/ware
Guarantee that final volume is 7-8ml, shakes up gently and puts into incubator 12. add culture fluid and cell suspension
Changed for the first time liquid in (two) 24 hours
1. whether the observation of cell state pollutes, and the cell of pollution directly abandons, and forbids opening culture dish in operation room
2. the cell that does not have to pollute is placed in the super-clean bench, wash culture fluid at the bottom of the culture dish repeatedly after all culture fluid of sucking-off
3. mirror is observed down, if find that erythrocyte is a lot, available PBS washes one time again
4. add culture fluid 7-8ml, put into incubator
5. changed liquid once in per 3 days later on, each half amount is changed liquid, and the 70-80% that reaches the culture dish bottom up to the cell growth goes down to posterity
(3) MSCs goes down to posterity
1. observation of cell state (the same)
2. untainted culture dish places super-clean bench, and all culture fluid of sucking-off also are stored in the aseptic centrifuge tube
3. with at the bottom of the PBS 3-4ml/ ware flushing culture dish and discard (the residual culture fluid of flush away)
4. every ware adds 3-4ml, and 37 degree are the pancreatin of temperature in advance, places the incubator insulation
5.3 after minute under the mirror observation of cell whether become round, if still be fusiformis, can continue to digest 1-2 minute
6. taking-up culture dish, every ware add in the old culture fluid of 5-6ml and pancreatin
7. blow and beat to all cells and suspend
8. collecting cell suspension, 1500 rev/mins centrifugal, abandons supernatant
9. add 1ml fresh medium, mixing
10. count (can not add the leukocyte diluent, all the other are the same)
11. press 2-5 * 10E
5/ ware seeds cells in the culture dish, and adds fresh medium, makes final volume reach 7-8ml, puts into incubator
12. the cell 3-4 after going down to posterity days half amount is changed liquid 1 time, cell growth area reaches culture dish bottom 80-90% needs repeated transmission generation
(4) MSCs is frozen
1. the 1-8 step is the same
2. the freeze-stored cell final concentration is 2-5 * 10E
6/ ml, calculating needs frozen pipe number and volume
3. by (culture fluid+cell): albumin: DMSO=7:2:1 is frozen
4. notice that DMSO will slowly add cell suspension, and in adition process, want continuous mixing
5. cover tight frozen pipe pipe lid, plastic foil seals, in body record name, cell algebraically and number, frozen time
6. frozen pipe is outer with 2-3 piece gauze parcel, places 4 degree refrigerators earlier 2 hours, and-20 degree refrigerators 4 hours are put into-80 degree refrigerators (can directly place-80 degree refrigerators) at last
(5) MSCs thaws
1. take out frozen pipe from refrigerator, transport with ice cube
2. untie gauze but the reservation plastic foil, hand-held frozen pipe constantly rocks in 37 degree water-baths, so that cell thawed in 1 minute fully
3. dry the water mark, alcohol disinfecting is placed in the super-clean bench, opens plastic foil, opens the pipe lid
4. frozen pipe inner cell suspension is moved into centrifuge tube, add normal saline+5% albumin washing, mixing, 1500 rev/mins are centrifugal 5 minutes
5. repeat above-mentioned steps 1 time
(6) collect MSCs
1. in the passage process, directly collect MSCs or collection thaw after through the MSCs of washing, add and contain 20% albuminous normal saline to process cell suspension subsequent use
2. get 1 counting
3. platform is expected blue equal-volume dilution back calculating cytoactive: count 100 cells, refuse to dye number * 1%
4. MSCs is used for need carrying out flow cytometer identification of cell type before the auxiliary treatment; Chromosome detects gets rid of the diploid variation; The nosetiology that moves ahead infusion detects; The cell suspension skin test
Disposable syringe is drawn the autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells suspension for preparing in advance, stretches in the chitosan catheter, and the limit is moved back marginal not and gone into cell suspension, and till filling with, sealing is sewed up at anastomotic stoma inserting needle place.The MSCs cell density that keeps being implanted in the chitosan catheter is 1 * 10
8/ ml is till filling with in the conduit.Cell total amount according to the different injections of the internal diameter of chitosan catheter and length specification is different.
Obtain containing between autologous bone marrow chitosan tissue engineering nerve like this towards the matter stem cell.
The chitosan tissue engineering nerve of embodiment 3 Schwann cells
Using concentration is that the concentration that 2% citric acid dissolving chitosan obtains chitosan is 5% solution; Then solution is injected mould; After-80 ℃ of freezing preforming; Material is withdrawed from mould, put in 5% sodium hydroxide solution, the acid in the neutralization materials is fixedly after the molding; After with distilled water the salt of excessive alkali and generation being cleaned up; Obtain the chitosan artificial nerve graft through lyophilization then, porosity 51%, average pore size are 57-96 μ m.
The chitosan artificial nerve catheter autoclave sterilization of above-mentioned preparation is subsequent use.In testing the previous day, soak 24h in the DMEM+15%FBS complete medium.Dorsal root ganglion is taken from embryo 16d SD rat L4,5,6.Respectively implant 3 DRG at ready fiber tube two ends, with behind the DMEM+15%FBS cultivation 1d, the neuron culture medium that changes 97%neurobasal+2%B27+1%glutaminate into continues to cultivate 6d in bioreactor.Get newborn 1d SD rat sciatic nerve, to obtain purer Schwann cell be 8 * 10 with average density through planting the piece method repeatedly
6/ ml Schwann cell injects with microsyringe and has been implanted with in the tube chamber of DRG, in bioreactor, cultivated for 2,3 and 4 weeks respectively after, observe the growth conditions of fiber tube inner cell.Be the tissue engineering nerve that contains Schwann cell after being covered with conduit Deng Schwann cell.
Embodiment 4 usefulness tissue engineered peripheral nerves are repaired damaged 3 months zoopery of SD rat sciatic nerve
The tissue engineering nerve that use contains Schwann cell repair the SD rat sciatic nerve damaged 1 centimetre 3 months; 24 weeks of postoperative are through multiple means, the evaluations of many index comprehensives such as electrophysiology, tectology, neural tracer technique, Ultrastructural observation; Electricity physiology can detect the sciatic nerve compound action potential; The result shows that regenerated fiber alignment is neat, and the sciatic nerve repairing effect is better.
Embodiment 5 usefulness tissue engineered peripheral nerves are repaired the damaged 5 centimetres zoopery of dog sciatic nerve
Use contains between autologous bone marrow towards the tissue engineering nerve of matter repairs damaged 5 centimetres of dog rat sciatic nerve, 1 week to 6 of postoperative month, regularly, dynamic observe dog art limb motor function recovery situation.The result shows that obvious infection sign is not seen at all burst surgical wound places, an animal left side of postoperative, and body temperature is normal, and diet is normal, and body weight increases gradually, and vivaciously active.Postoperative June; From engineered neural group (TENG group) and the autologous nerve group (suture in situ behind the sciatic nerve cut-out 5cm of body MSCs; Autologous group) animal walking freely, the art limb can be had an effect when stair activity was stood with two hind legs, whole athletic posture is quite coordinated; The result shows; Successfully repair the damaged 5cm of dog sciatic nerve from the engineered nerve of body MSCs; 6 months damaged nervous tissues that are reproduced of thick sciatic nerve-trunk of postoperative rebuild; The flesh compound action potential recovers; The matter transportation function of aixs cylinder is able to reappear; Target flesh obtains the domination again of regenerating nerve, the reconstruction of implementation structure and function.
Claims (8)
1. tissue engineering nerve graft; Comprise (a) tubular body; Said tubular body is meant to distribute in the tube wall that processes with chitosan and enriches the conduit of hole; (b) hold or be distributed in the said tubular body hole and the cell or tissue on surface; It is characterized in that said cell or tissue comprises between bone marrow stem cell, bone marrow organizes one or more combination towards matter stem cell, schwann cell or the back of the body with neuroganglion.
2. according to the said tissue engineering nerve graft of claim 1, it is characterized in that said tubular body be porosity 50-90%, aperture 50-300 μ m have loose structure, a nerve trachea that tensile strength is high.
3. according to the said tissue engineering nerve graft of claim 2, it is characterized in that said tubular body internal diameter is 0.5-8mm, wall thickness 0.1-3mm.
4. according to the said tissue engineering nerve graft of claim 1-3; So the said tubular body of its characteristic is under the situation of not adding any foaming agent, cross-linking agent, through weak acid dissolving, injection molding, freeze forming, neutralization fix, technology such as cleaning, lyophilization makes.
5. according to the said tissue engineering nerve graft of claim 1, it is characterized in that the said cell or tissue density that holds or be distributed in the said tubular body hole with the surface is 1 * 10
6-1 * 10
8/ ml.
6. according to the said tissue engineering nerve graft of claim 1, it is characterized in that described cell or tissue comprise to derive from from body or allosome.
7. according to the purposes of the said tissue engineering nerve graft of claim 1, it is characterized in that described tissue engineering nerve graft is used for the reparation of peripheral nerve defection and spinal cord injury.
8. according to the purposes of the said tissue engineering nerve graft of claim 7, it is characterized in that said peripheral nerve defection and spinal cord injury are the damaged and old peripheral nerve defection of the long distance of thick nerve trunk.
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Cited By (6)
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CN103041450A (en) * | 2013-01-25 | 2013-04-17 | 南通大学 | Cell matrix modified tissue engineering nerve graft for repairing peripheral nerve injury and preparation method thereof |
CN104324417A (en) * | 2014-09-25 | 2015-02-04 | 温州医科大学附属第一医院 | Tissue engineering neural restoration material constructed by autologous plasma and preparation method thereof |
CN106474549A (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2017-03-08 | 南通大学 | The structure of the novel tissue tissue-engineered nerve of MicroRNA gene mediated and its application in reparation neurologic defect |
CN105013015B (en) * | 2014-04-20 | 2018-04-24 | 上海市第一人民医院 | A kind of method that organizational engineering repairs neurologic defect |
CN111744057A (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2020-10-09 | 中国人民解放军总医院 | Preparation method of integrally-formed magnetic induction nerve conduit |
CN115337458A (en) * | 2022-08-16 | 2022-11-15 | 尧舜泽生物医药(南京)有限公司 | Cell matrix nerve graft for repairing peripheral nerve injury and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (16)
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CN103041450A (en) * | 2013-01-25 | 2013-04-17 | 南通大学 | Cell matrix modified tissue engineering nerve graft for repairing peripheral nerve injury and preparation method thereof |
WO2014114043A1 (en) * | 2013-01-25 | 2014-07-31 | 南通大学 | Cell matrix modified tissue engineering nerve graft for repairing peripheral nerve injury and preparation method thereof |
EA038957B1 (en) * | 2013-01-25 | 2021-11-15 | Наньтун Юниверсити | Preparation of extracellular matrix-modified tissue engineered nerve grafts for peripheral nerve injury repair |
CN103041450B (en) * | 2013-01-25 | 2015-06-10 | 南通大学 | Cell matrix modified tissue engineering nerve graft for repairing peripheral nerve injury and preparation method thereof |
EP2949349A4 (en) * | 2013-01-25 | 2016-11-02 | Univ Nantong | Cell matrix modified tissue engineering nerve graft for repairing peripheral nerve injury and preparation method thereof |
US9492589B2 (en) | 2013-01-25 | 2016-11-15 | Nantong University | Preparation of extracellular matrix-modified tissue engineered nerve grafts for peripheral nerve injury repair |
AU2013375655B2 (en) * | 2013-01-25 | 2016-11-17 | Nantong University | Preparation of extracellular matrix-modified tissue engineered nerve grafts for peripheral nerve injury repair |
CN105013015B (en) * | 2014-04-20 | 2018-04-24 | 上海市第一人民医院 | A kind of method that organizational engineering repairs neurologic defect |
CN104324417A (en) * | 2014-09-25 | 2015-02-04 | 温州医科大学附属第一医院 | Tissue engineering neural restoration material constructed by autologous plasma and preparation method thereof |
CN106474549A (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2017-03-08 | 南通大学 | The structure of the novel tissue tissue-engineered nerve of MicroRNA gene mediated and its application in reparation neurologic defect |
WO2018090542A1 (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2018-05-24 | 南通大学 | Construction of microrna gene-mediated novel tissue engineered nerve and applications thereof in repairing nerve defect |
CN106474549B (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2019-05-03 | 南通大学 | The novel tissue tissue-engineered nerve of MicroRNA gene mediated constructs and its in the application for repairing neurologic defect |
US10639399B2 (en) | 2016-11-21 | 2020-05-05 | Nantong University | Construction of MicroRNA gene-mediated novel tissue engineered nerve and applications thereof in repairing nerve defect |
CN111744057A (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2020-10-09 | 中国人民解放军总医院 | Preparation method of integrally-formed magnetic induction nerve conduit |
CN115337458A (en) * | 2022-08-16 | 2022-11-15 | 尧舜泽生物医药(南京)有限公司 | Cell matrix nerve graft for repairing peripheral nerve injury and preparation method thereof |
CN115337458B (en) * | 2022-08-16 | 2023-08-22 | 尧舜泽生物医药(南京)有限公司 | Cell matrix nerve graft for repairing peripheral nerve injury and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20120208 |