CN102340096B - Full-optically driven full-coherence table type X ray free electron laser - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a full-optically driven full-coherence table type X ray free electron laser which obtains temporal and spatial full-coherence X ray free electron lasers by using a full-optical driving method. For both HH (higher harmonic) injection source and high-energy electron injection source, the same laser system is adopted for driving, thus the output of full-coherence table type X type free electron lasers can be produced. The full-coherence 'water window' band (even the keV-magnitude attosecond light source) is very important in the fields of physics, chemistry, life science, material science and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the complete relevant desk-top X ray free electron laser of X ray free electron laser, particularly a kind of full optical drive.
High-performance high-power electron beam based on the acquisition of laser coda wave field acceleration mechanism, utilize Intense Laser Field atom high order harmonic component to obtain 10 nm band height coherence seed pulses, be injected in the free electron XUV laser, how research obtains stable relevant fully X ray free-electron laser output.The ultrafast X ray coherent radiation of high brightness water window wave section even keV magnitude then all has extremely important meaning to physics, chemistry, life science, material science etc.
Background technology
Superpower femtosecond laser and atomic interaction can produce the coherent source of femtosecond and even Ah second's level extreme ultraviolet (abbreviating XUV as) wave band, make the mankind can unprecedented extremely ultrafast time scale survey and control the new phenomenon and new rule of microcosmos.The superelevation temporal resolution and (10 of Ah's second-time
-8Cm) the superelevation spatial resolution of magnitude combines the dream of extreme ultrafast phenomena in human intelligible and the assurance atom-subatomic yardstick microcosmos will be achieved.
Main technological route-X ray free electron laser (being designated hereinafter simply as X-FEL) as realization high brightness femtosecond XUV wave band coherent source is the focus that the countries in the world scientist pays close attention to always and studies.2009, the U.S. succeeded in developing the high brightness X-FEL device that reaches the dust magnitude based on the wavelength of conventional radio frequency electron accelerator---LCLS and SACLA device (Fuchs, M., et al., Nature Physics respectively with Japan in 2011
5, 826,2009; Tadashi Togashi et al.,, Opt. Express
19, 317,2011), a plurality of countries of European Union are just at the shorter European free-electron laser device of joint research and development wavelength.X-FEL adopts from amplified spont-aneous emission mechanism (SASE), and the output laser signal is concerned with on the space fully, but the time structure instability of output pulse, temporal coherence is poor.In order to address this problem, 2008, G. Lambert etc. is that 5 subharmonic (160nm) of the superpower femtosecond laser of 800nm are injected in the SPring-8 Compact SASE Source test accelerator as seed pulse with wavelength, the amplification of three orders of magnitude and relevant fully output have been obtained to surpass, and time jitter (G. Lambert et al., the Nature Physics of output pulse have been eliminated
4, 296,2008).Recently, E. Takahashi etc. further is injected into 13 subharmonic (61.2nm) among the FEL as seed pulse, has obtained 650 times amplification effect, and the random peaks that the SASE process produces is also suppressed greatly.But, still have the problem of insoluble injection signal and electron beam time synchronized.High order harmonic component (abbreviating HH as) is injected into the FEL of traditional accelerator, and the time jitter of the rf signal of laser and accelerator ~ 1 ps is difficult to support the stable output of inferior ps.So, only obtain effective injection of 1% in people's such as T. Togashi the experiment.How to solve the time jitter based on the X-FEL of radio frequency acceleration device, improve effective injection that high order harmonic component is injected the source, become the most urgent technical barrier that hinders XFEL technical development and application.The another one developing direction is to realize that more short wavelength's's (water window and even keV wave band) high order harmonic component is injected, and presses for high-intensity short wavelength's high order harmonic component injection source that produces.Because the high order harmonic component wavelength, needs development infrared driving laser system in high performance to the dependence of driving laser wavelength.If the coherence of seed pulse can keep in the amplification process of FEL, especially the width that injects seed pulse can be much smaller than the length of electron beam group, the width of final output laser pulse is no longer determined by the length of electron beam group, but is determined by seed pulse.We have obtained the original achievement in research of series during the forward position of infrared new wave band high field interaction new physics new effect is explored in tunable in recent years, utilize 1.5～1.8 μ m Laser Driven to obtain relevant fully soft x ray light source (the Zhinan Zeng et al. that wavelength is as short as water window wave section recently, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98,203901,2007; Hui Xiong et al., Opt. Lett. 34,1747,2009; Yinghui Zheng et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103,043904,2009).Yet, because the stationary problem of the electron beam that aforesaid HH and radio-frequency accelerator provide can't be brought into play the advantage that short pulse HH brings.
Producing aspect the required high-performance high-power electron beam of X-FEL, it is a kind of brand-new electronics speeding scheme that electronics is accelerated in laser coda wave field, has the unrivaled superiority of conventional radio frequency accelerator in many aspects.Because laser coda wave field accelerating gradient has improved 3 more than the magnitude with respect to traditional electron accelerator, utilize laser coda wave field to accelerate high-power electron beam (the C. E. Clayton et al. that electronics can obtain 1 GeV even 500 GeV in much smaller scale, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105,105003,2010), thereby greatly reduce scale and the cost of accelerator, development and the application in fields such as Synchrotron Radiation, free-electron laser and high energy particle physics had great scientific meaning.Thereby be considered to realize XUV wave band and the X ray free-electron laser (Nature Physics 4,92,2008 for Nalkajima, K.) of desk-topization replacing traditional electron linear accelerator in the future.The two coda wave field cascade electron accelerator schemes of the full optical drive that we utilize ionization to inject first, inject helium-oxygen gas mixture and pure helium respectively by branch two-stage in a gas cell, first section is adopted laser action to produce the electronics injection in the method for helium-oxygen gas mixture, second section is adopted laser to accelerate electronics at pure helium generation plasma tail wave field, realized that successfully electronics injects separating and control of two basic physical processes accelerating with electronics, experiment has obtained the breakthrough achievements in research such as superelevation accelerating gradient of accurate monoenergetic electron beam and 187 GV/m of the nearly GeV of energy.It may be the effective scheme (J. S. Liu et al., Physical Review Letters 107,035001,2011) of the following 10GeV of generation even 100GeV level monoenergetic electron beam that cascade electronics acceleration new mechanism is considered to.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of complete relevant desk-top X ray free electron laser of full optical drive, for generation of X-radiation light source relevant fully on time and the space.
Technical conceive of the present invention is: the injection source of high energy electron and high order harmonic component adopts same laser system as drive source.Use by titanium sapphire laser system through optical parametric amplification system obtain in infrared superpower femtosecond laser obtain the injection source of the high order harmonic component coherent radiation of water window and even keV wave band as drive source, be injected in the full light free electron laser of being formed by the high-power electron beam of hundred terawatt (TW) level high repetition frequency titanium sapphire laser systems employing cascade speeding scheme generation, realize relevant, stable fully chirped pulse output, constitute a kind of complete relevant desk-top X ray free electron laser of full optical drive.
Concrete technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of complete relevant desk-top X ray free electron laser of full optical drive, its characteristics are that its formation comprises the titanium sapphire laser system of hundred terawatt (TW) level high repetition frequencies, the laser of this titanium sapphire laser system output is divided into folded light beam and transmitted light beam through beam splitting chip, this transmitted light beam enters optical parametric amplification system and produces mid-infrared laser, this mid-infrared laser focuses on by first window through first paraboloidal mirror and enters first gas cell generation high order harmonic component coherent radiation light, this high order harmonic component coherent radiation light focuses on through second paraboloidal mirror, mirror reflects, pass first magnetic lens and be injected in the undulator, the gas of described first gas cell injects through first air inlet; Described folded light beam enters second gas cell that accelerates based on two sections gas cascades successively and produces high-power electron beam (J. S. Liu et al. behind second window, the 3rd paraboloidal mirror focus reflection, Physical Review Letters 107,035001,2011), this high-power electron beam also enters in the described undulator after the first magnetic lens deflection, and the gas of described second gas cell injects through second air inlet and the 3rd air inlet; After described undulator gains to high order harmonic component coherent radiation signal, high-power electron beam and coherent radiation light by described undulator output enter second magnetic lens, through second magnetic lens described high energy electron beam steering is entered electronic measurement system, described coherent radiation light is that the X ray free-electron laser is exported through the 3rd window, except described titanium sapphire laser system, beam splitting chip, outside optical parametric amplification system and first paraboloidal mirror, described first window, second window and the 3rd window lay respectively on the ante-chamber wall and back cavity wall of vacuum chamber, and other components all are arranged in a vacuum chamber.
Described optical parametric amplification system, the optical maser wavelength that the titanium sapphire laser system of 800nm wavelength is exported becomes 1300～5000nm middle-infrared band.
Described high order harmonic component coherent radiation light is high order harmonic component XUV wave band, and photon energy 30eV～2keV, pulse duration are the coherent radiation of 100as～1fs, and the nominal single pulse energy is 100 nJ/1fs.
Peak-peak power 200 TW of described titanium sapphire laser system output, pulse duration 30～40fs, centre wavelength 800 nm, repetition rate 10 Hz.
The gas of described input first gas cell is argon gas or neon, and the gas of importing second gas cell is helium-oxygen gas mixture (being entered by air inlet 111) and pure helium (being entered by air inlet 112).
Technique effect of the present invention is as follows:
The present invention possesses following advantage:
1, full optical drive can stabilizing effective injection seed pulse, realizes the complete relevant output of X-FEL.Adopt the full optics free electron laser of laser accelerator, the length of electron beam has only the 10fs magnitude, because the inevitable wavelength less than the coda wave field of the length of electron beam under should mechanism, in order to obtain monoenergetic electrons, the wavelength of coda wave field must be complementary with laser pulse width again, because the driving laser pulse duration is generally several 10fs, so can obtain to export with titanium sapphire laser system the ultrashort electron beam of the same time scale of laser.And high order harmonic component is injected the source and has been adopted equally by titanium sapphire laser system and obtain infrared superpower femtosecond laser as driving through optical parametric amplification system.Owing to produce from same laser, the time that the high order harmonic component seed source injects has been avoided the nonsynchronous problem of their injection lengths with the time unanimity that high-power electron beam injects.The design of full optical drive makes us only need to guarantee the synchronism (even can be as accurate as the femtosecond magnitude) of laser beam, just can realize effective injection, thereby can be relevant fully on the assurance time.
2, adopt laser coda wave field accelerator to replace traditional accelerator, can realize desk-topization of X ray free electron laser.Laser coda wave field speeding scheme, its accelerating gradient superiority, further reduced the cost that high-power electron beam is provided undoubtedly, reduced and set up the required space of free electron laser, thereby shortened the desk-topization process of X ray free electron laser, can be generalized to more customer group, provide new opportunity for basic research obtains original the breakthrough.
3, can the easier coherent radiation light source that obtains XUV wave band and even X ray wave band.Infrared superpower femtosecond laser is as drive source in the employing, the high order harmonic component coherent radiation that can more effectively obtain water window and even keV wave band is injected, thereby can be conducive to the maintenance of coherence in the amplification process of FEL of seed pulse, especially the width that injects seed pulse can be much smaller than the length of electron beam group, the width of therefore final output laser pulse is no longer determined by the length of electron beam group, but determined by seed pulse, and the pulse duration of high field high order harmonic component can reach femtosecond and inferior femtosecond, can realize that pulse duration reaches femtosecond even inferior femtosecond, XUV and even X ray wave band coherent radiation light source.
4, can realize higher energy gain.Because the electron beam peak current is big, nC(Na Ku is accelerated to be expected to obtain in laser coda wave field) monoenergetic electron beam of magnitude electric weight, and electron beam length has only the 10fs magnitude, so be expected to obtain the current strength of 100 kiloampere magnitudes, this is that traditional accelerator is difficult to reach, and makes the X-radiation that produces have higher brightness.
5, second gas cell for generation of high energy electron adopts cascade speeding scheme (J. S. Liu et al., Physical Review Letters 107,035001,2011), first section is adopted laser action to produce the electronics injection in the method for helium-oxygen gas mixture in this gas cell, second section is adopted laser to accelerate electronics at pure helium generation plasma tail wave field, advantage is and can obtains stable 1-5GeV level high-power electron beam by electronics being injected and the separating, control and optimize of two basic physical processes that electronics accelerates.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the complete relevant desk-top X ray free electron laser structural representation of the full optical drive of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, but should not limit protection scope of the present invention with this.
See also Fig. 1 earlier, Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the complete relevant desk-top X ray free electron laser of the full optical drive of the present invention.As seen from the figure, the complete relevant desk-topization X ray free electron laser of the full optical drive of the present invention comprises hundred terawatt (TW) level high repetition frequency titanium sapphire laser systems 1, beam splitting chip 2, optical parametric amplification system 3, first window 5, second window 9, the 3rd window 16, first gas cell 6, second gas cell 11, first air inlet 61, second air inlet 111, the 3rd air inlet 112, first paraboloidal mirror 4, second paraboloidal mirror 7, the 3rd paraboloidal mirror 10, speculum 8, first magnetic lens 12, second magnetic lens 14, undulator 13, electronic measurement system 15 and vacuum chamber 17.The position relation of above-mentioned component is as follows: the titanium sapphire laser system 1 that comprises hundred terawatt (TW) level high repetition frequencies, the laser of this titanium sapphire laser system 1 output is divided into folded light beam and transmitted light beam through beam splitting chip 2, this transmitted light beam enters optical parametric amplification system 3 and produces mid-infrared laser, this mid-infrared laser focuses on by first window 5 through first paraboloidal mirror 4 and enters first gas cell, 6 generation high order harmonic component coherent radiation light, this high order harmonic component coherent radiation light focuses on through second paraboloidal mirror 7, speculum 8 reflections, pass first magnetic lens 12 and be injected in the undulator 13, the gas of described first gas cell 6 injects through first air inlet 61; Described folded light beam enters second gas cell 11 that accelerates based on two sections gas cascades successively and produces high-power electron beam behind second window 9, the 3rd paraboloidal mirror 10 focus reflections, this high-power electron beam also enters in the described undulator 13 after first magnetic lens, 12 deflections, and the gas of described second gas cell 11 injects through second air inlet 111 and the 3rd air inlet 112; After 13 pairs of high order harmonic component coherent radiations of described undulator signal gains, high-power electron beam and coherent radiation light by described undulator 13 outputs enter second magnetic lens 14, enter electronic measurement system 15 through 14 pairs of described high energy electron beam steerings of second magnetic lens, described coherent radiation light is that the X ray free-electron laser is through 16 outputs of the 3rd window, except described titanium sapphire laser system 1, beam splitting chip 2, outside optical parametric amplification system 3 and first paraboloidal mirror 4, described first window 5, second window 9 and the 3rd window 16 lay respectively on the ante-chamber wall and back cavity wall of vacuum chamber 17, and other components all are arranged in a vacuum chamber 17.
In the present embodiment:
Described hundred terawatt (TW) level high repetition frequency titanium sapphire laser systems 1 can be bought peak-peak power 200 TW, pulse duration 30～40fs, centre wavelength 800 nm, repetition rate 10Hz.
Described optical parametric amplification system 3(is referring to Yinghui Zheng et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103,043904,2009; Hui Xiong et al., Opt. Lett. 34,1747,2009), the optical maser wavelength of the titanium sapphire laser system of 800nm wavelength output can be become middle-infrared band (1300～5000nm), can realize the carrier envelope position mutually stable, the highest single pulse energy can reach 20mJ(pulse duration 50fs respectively) and 2mJ(pulsewidth＜2 photoperiod) two kinds of Mode for Laser pulses export.
The mid-infrared laser of described optical parametric amplification system 3 outputs focuses on through first paraboloidal mirror 4 and enters first gas cell 6 by first window 5 and produce high order harmonic component coherent radiation light, and this high order harmonic component coherent radiation light is that (photon energy 30eV～2keV), (100as～1fs) coherent radiation output, nominal single pulse energy can reach 100nJ/1fs to the extremely short pulse width to the atom high order harmonic component XUV wave band that drives of superpower femtosecond laser.
The stable XUV coherent radiation light source parameters of described output is wavelength＜10nm, pulsewidth 1-5fs, pulse energy 1-10mJ.(according to the scheme of prior art in conjunction with us, can calculate to obtain such result)
The course of work of present embodiment:
The laser of hundred terawatt (TW) level high repetition frequency titanium sapphire laser systems, 1 output is divided into transmitted light and reverberation through beam splitting chip 2, this transmitted light enters optical parametric amplification system 3 and produces mid-infrared laser, enter first gas cell 6 through 4 focusing of first paraboloidal mirror by window 5 and produce high order harmonic component coherent radiation light, this high order harmonic component coherent radiation light is through 7 focusing of second paraboloidal mirror, speculum 8 reflections, pass first magnetic lens 12 and be injected in the undulator 13, wherein the gas of first gas cell 6 (argon gas or neon) injects through first air inlet 61; Described reverberation is entered through 10 focusing of the 3rd paraboloidal mirror by second window 9 and enters second gas cell, 11 generation high-power electron beams, this high-power electron beam also enters in the described undulator 13 after first magnetic lens, 12 deflections, and wherein the gas of second gas cell 11 (helium-oxygen gas mixture) injects through second air inlet 111, the 3rd air inlet 112; After 13 pairs of described high order harmonic component coherent radiation signals of described undulator gain, high-power electron beam and coherent radiation light by described undulator 13 outputs enter second magnetic lens 14, enter electronic measurement system 15 through 14 pairs of described high energy electron beam steerings of second magnetic lens, described coherent radiation light is that the X ray free-electron laser is through 16 outputs of the 3rd window.
The complete relevant desk-top X ray free electron laser of the full optical drive of the present invention, can generation time and the space on relevant fully, X-radiation light source that pulse duration reaches femtosecond even inferior femtosecond.
Claims (1)
1. the complete relevant desk-top X ray free electron laser of a full optical drive, it is characterized in that its formation comprises the titanium sapphire laser system (1) of hundred terawatt (TW) level high repetition frequencies, the laser of this titanium sapphire laser system (1) output is divided into folded light beam and transmitted light beam through beam splitting chip (2), this transmitted light beam enters optical parametric amplification system (3) and produces mid-infrared laser, this mid-infrared laser focuses on by first window (5) through first paraboloidal mirror (4) and enters first gas cell (6) generation high order harmonic component coherent radiation light, this high order harmonic component coherent radiation light focuses on through second paraboloidal mirror (7), speculum (8) reflection, pass first magnetic lens (12) and be injected in the undulator (13), the gas of described first gas cell (6) injects through first air inlet (61); Described folded light beam enters second gas cell (11) that accelerates based on two sections gas cascades successively and produces high-power electron beam behind second window (9), the 3rd paraboloidal mirror (10) focus reflection, this high-power electron beam also enters in the described undulator (13) after first magnetic lens (12) deflection, and the gas of described second gas cell (11) injects through second air inlet (111) and the 3rd air inlet (112); After described undulator (13) gains to high order harmonic component coherent radiation signal, high-power electron beam and coherent radiation light by described undulator (13) output enter second magnetic lens (14), through second magnetic lens (14) described high energy electron beam steering is entered electronic measurement system (15), described coherent radiation light is that the X ray free-electron laser is exported through the 3rd window (16), except described titanium sapphire laser system (1), beam splitting chip (2), outside optical parametric amplification system (3) and first paraboloidal mirror (4), described first window (5), second window (9) and the 3rd window (16) lay respectively on the ante-chamber wall and back cavity wall of vacuum chamber (17), and other components all are arranged in a vacuum chamber (17); Wherein, described optical parametric amplification system (3) becomes 1300～5000nm middle-infrared band with the optical maser wavelength of the titanium sapphire laser system output of 800nm wavelength; Described high order harmonic component coherent radiation light is high order harmonic component XUV wave band, and photon energy 30eV～2keV, pulse duration are the coherent radiation of 100as～1fs, and the nominal single pulse energy is 100nJ/1fs; The peak-peak power 200TW of described titanium sapphire laser system output, pulse duration 30～40fs, centre wavelength 800nm, repetition rate 10Hz; The gas of importing first gas cell (6) is argon gas or neon, and the gas of importing second gas cell (11) is to be entered helium-oxygen gas mixture and entered pure helium by air inlet (112) by air inlet (111).
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| CN103378542B (en) * | 2012-04-27 | 2018-06-05 | 陈世浩 | High power CW radiates gamma laser |
| CN103904551B (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2017-04-19 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Free electron laser resonant cavity |
| CN103619118B (en) * | 2013-12-13 | 2016-04-13 | 上海交通大学 | The method of laser plasma accelerator and generation high-quality electron beam |
| CN103841744B (en) * | 2014-03-18 | 2016-08-17 | 上海交通大学 | Laser wake field acceleration and the method producing high brightness attosecond optical pulse |
| CN108112155B (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2019-09-24 | 上海交通大学 | The cascade unit and cascade system of laser wake field acceleration |
| CN113917676B (en) * | 2020-07-07 | 2022-08-19 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Femtosecond time resolution ultraviolet light transmission system |
| CN112630203B (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2022-11-22 | 雷振东 | Higher harmonic confocal detection system |
| CN113884525A (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2022-01-04 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | High-sensitivity X-ray detection method and device based on laser ionized gas |
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