CN102338873A - Method for integrally telemetering and ranging target range aircraft - Google Patents
Method for integrally telemetering and ranging target range aircraft Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for integrally telemetering and ranging a target range aircraft and aims to provide a method for simultaneously telemetering and ranging a plurality of ground control stations by utilizing a single-frequency point downlink signal without independently allocating frequency spectrum and power for a ranging signal in a downlink or adopting a spread spectrum ranging signal mechanism. The method is realized through the following technical scheme: respectively sampling uplink ranging pseudo codes sent by the plurality of ground control stations by using a downlink telemetering frame header at a responder end of the aircraft to obtain a time difference measuring value of a chip preset phase reaching moment of each pseudo code and a primary bit moment of the telemetering frame header, carrying out two-path multiplexing on the time difference measuring value and telemetering data, and loading time difference measuring value data in a telemetering frame; finishing carrier synchronization, bit synchronization and frame synchronization of a downlink telemetering signal at a plurality of ground remote control station ends, deducting a corresponding time difference measuring value loaded in the telemetering frame by an obtained telemetering frame header receiving moment, and referencing sending moments of chip preset phases of the pseudo codes to finish telemetering and ranging.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for simultaneously telemetering and ranging an aircraft by utilizing a single-frequency point downlink signal to finish a plurality of ground measurement and control stations in target range measurement and control.
Background
The PCM-FM signal has the constant envelope characteristic, the transmitter can select a C-type power amplifier, and the power utilization rate is high in a relative phase shift keying modulation mode. In addition, the PCM-FM signal has the characteristic of strong anti-aircraft flame attenuation capability. Therefore, the PCM-FM modulation signal is the most common downlink telemetry signal form for target range aircraft measurement and control at present (the data rate supported by the PCM-FM signal in the current engineering can reach more than 10 Mbps).
In the measurement and control of the target range aircraft, if the distance measurement function of a plurality of ground measurement and control stations is supported while the remote measurement function is finished, a coherent or incoherent spread spectrum distance measurement system is required to be adopted outside a PCM-FM remote measurement signal, and a UQPSK modulation mode is adopted for uplink and downlink signals. For an uplink signal sent by a ground measurement and control station, a path I sends low-rate remote control data, a path Q sends a ranging pseudo code of a coherent system or a noncoherent ranging uplink frame data modulation pseudo code; for the transponder to transmit downlink signals, as shown in a spectrogram of a traditional target range measurement and control downlink double-frequency PCM-FM combined with BPSK spread spectrum ranging signals in fig. 7, the path I can transmit low-rate telemetry signals. And the Q path sends a ranging pseudo code of a coherent system or a non-coherent ranging downlink frame data modulation pseudo code.
The system design method for simultaneously supporting the remote measurement and the multi-station ranging has the following defects:
1) if the distance measurement function is supported while the telemetering signal is sent in the downlink, a downlink distance measurement signal radio frequency point must be added, and a reasonable bandwidth interval between the telemetering signal and the distance measurement signal needs to be ensured, so that limited wireless radio frequency bandwidth resources are wasted;
2) because the spread spectrum ranging signal has the non-constant envelope characteristic, the signal transmitting part of the aircraft transponder only adopts an A-type or AB-type power amplifier, but cannot adopt a C-type power amplifier, thereby reducing the power efficiency of the system;
3) the ground measurement and control station needs to demodulate the telemetering signal and the ranging signal respectively, so the processing structure is relatively complex.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a method for simultaneously telemetering and ranging a plurality of ground measurement and control stations by using a single-frequency-point downlink signal, which does not need to independently distribute frequency spectrum and power for ranging signals in a downlink, does not need to adopt a spread spectrum ranging signal system, can reduce the complexity of system design and intermodulation interference, and is used for solving the problem of simultaneous telemetering and ranging of a plurality of ground measurement and control stations. The spectrum diagram is shown in fig. 6. The problems that bandwidth resources are wasted, system power efficiency is reduced, and the structure of demodulation equipment is complex in the existing system design method are solved.
The technical problem of the invention is solved by the following measures: a method for integrally fusing and completing remote measurement and distance measurement of a target range aircraft has the following technical characteristics:
at an aircraft responder end, the aircraft responder respectively samples uplink pseudo code spread spectrum ranging signals sent by a plurality of ground measurement and control stations by utilizing a downlink telemetry frame head to obtain time difference measurement values of the arrival time of the preset phases of all pseudo code chips and the first bit time of a telemetry frame head, the responder puts the time difference measurement values and related parameters into a downlink frame, sends the downlink frame to the ground measurement and control stations by adopting a telemetry load-suppressing modulation mode, multiplexes the time difference measurement values and telemetry data in two ways, and loads sampled time difference measurement value data in the next telemetry frame or a plurality of telemetry frames spaced by a fixed number; at a plurality of ground measurement and control station ends, the ground measurement and control station completes carrier synchronization, symbol synchronization and frame synchronization of the telemetering load-suppressing modulation signals, obtains the arrival time of the first bit of the telemetering frame head through the locking condition of the symbol synchronization and the frame synchronization, subtracts the corresponding time difference measurement value obtained by sampling of a transponder in the telemetering frame from the time, refers to the preset phase of the pseudo code chip at the sending time of the ground measurement and control station end, obtains the two-pass transmission time from the sending to the receiving of the preset phase of the pseudo code chip of the ground measurement and control station, and can complete ranging at the same time of telemetering transmission of a single downlink frequency point.
The time difference measurement value of the arrival time of each pseudo code chip preset phase and the first bit time of the telemetering frame header, which are obtained by sampling of the telemetering frame header, is loaded in the telemetering frame.
The fine distance of the distance measurement is obtained through a symbol synchronization loop of a receiver at the ground measurement and control station end.
The time difference measurement value is respectively expressed by an integer part and a fractional part of the number of the downlink telemetry data symbols, wherein the data bit number of the integer part is 24bits and is used for ensuring the longest telemetry frame length under the CCSDS standard; the number of the bits of the fraction data is 24bits, and the accuracy is higher than 3.6mm under the condition that the telemetering data symbols are not lower than 5 kbps.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) under the form of a downlink single-frequency-point PCM-FM signal, the technology of the invention can complete two functions of remote measurement and distance measurement of the target range aircraft without independently distributing frequency spectrum and power for the distance measurement signal, thereby reducing the complexity of system design and intermodulation interference;
(2) because only PCM-FM signals exist, a C-type power amplifier can be adopted in a transponder transmitting channel of the aircraft, and compared with the prior art that downlink double-frequency point signals can only adopt an A-type or AB-type power amplifier, the system power efficiency can be improved by about 20 percent;
(3) the receiver of the ground measurement and control station only needs to demodulate PCM-FM signals and does not need to capture and demodulate spread spectrum ranging signals, so that the complexity of the receiver is reduced;
(4) ranging accuracy is related to the receiver bit synchronization loop at lower data rates (theoretical analysis can yield data rates above 50 kbps) and demodulation thresholdsE s /N 0Under the condition of (-more than 1 dB), the ranging precision equivalent to that of the traditional ranging mode can be ensured. At a determinedE s /N 0The higher the data rate, the higher the ranging accuracy.
The invention completes the telemetering and ranging functions at a single downlink frequency point, and effectively solves the problems of low frequency utilization rate, low power utilization rate, complex ground receiving equipment and the like of the traditional double-frequency point method.
The technical method is suitable for target range measurement and control with the requirements of single-station distance measurement and remote measurement and multi-station distance measurement and remote measurement, and is also suitable for the design of other aircraft measurement and control systems with similar functional requirements.
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The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
Fig. 1 is a signal processing flow of the ground measurement and control station and the transponder of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is signal timing logic for the telemetry and ranging integrated process of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a block diagram of the transponder signal processing architecture of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a signal processing structure of the ground measurement and control station of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating a multi-station ranging data frame structure according to the present invention, taking four stations as an example.
FIG. 6 shows the frequency spectrum of the down single-frequency PCM-FM telemetry and ranging integrated signal of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a graph of the spectrum of a traditional down-going dual-frequency PCM-FM telemetry signal combined with BPSK spread spectrum ranging signals for shooting range measurement and control.
Detailed Description
See fig. 1. The ground measurement and control station sends the ranging pseudo code, the responder receives the ranging pseudo code, the responder sends the downlink telemetering frame data, and the ground measurement and control station receives and demodulates the telemetering data. The uplink signal sent by the ground measurement and control station adopts a spread spectrum system, the I-path short code spread spectrum completes the remote control function, the Q-path long code spread spectrum completes the ranging function, and the receiving end of the aircraft transponder guides the long code to complete the capture after completing the capture of the short code.
At an aircraft responder end, the aircraft responder respectively samples uplink pseudo code spread spectrum ranging signals sent by a plurality of ground measurement and control stations by utilizing a downlink telemetry frame head to obtain time difference measurement values of the arrival time of the preset phases of all pseudo code chips and the first bit time of a telemetry frame head, the responder puts the time difference measurement values and related parameters into a downlink frame, sends the downlink frame to the ground measurement and control stations by adopting a telemetry load-suppressing modulation mode, multiplexes the time difference measurement values and telemetry data in two ways, and loads sampled time difference measurement value data in the next telemetry frame or a plurality of telemetry frames spaced by a fixed number; at a plurality of ground measurement and control station ends, the ground measurement and control station completes carrier synchronization, symbol synchronization and frame synchronization of the telemetering load-suppressing modulation signals, obtains the arrival time of the first bit of the telemetering frame head through the locking condition of the symbol synchronization and the frame synchronization, subtracts the corresponding time difference measurement value obtained by sampling of a transponder in the telemetering frame from the time, refers to the preset phase of the pseudo code chip at the sending time of the ground measurement and control station end, obtains the two-pass transmission time from the sending to the receiving of the preset phase of the pseudo code chip of the ground measurement and control station, and can complete ranging at the same time of telemetering transmission of a single downlink frequency point.
In consideration of supporting the ranging function, the data clock of the downlink telemetry and the recovered uplink ranging long code chip rate have coherence, the uplink Doppler frequency changes the symbol rate of the downlink telemetry data, and the downlink data symbol rate carries time jitter caused by the loop signal-to-noise ratio of the uplink long code ranging. The Doppler rate of the downlink telemetry data symbols received by the ground measurement and control station is not the traditional one-way Doppler rate, but the two-way Doppler rate.
See fig. 2. The timing relationship between the ranging chips of the uplink and downlink signals and the data symbols is shown in the figure. Wherein,φa predetermined phase representing a ranging long code;t T a transmission time indicating the predetermined phase;t φ indicating long code predetermined phase for transponder receiving end rangingφThe arrival time of (c);τ u representing the transmission time of the uplink signal;τ s indicating relative sending time of first bit moment of telemetering frame headt φ Delay of (2);τ d representing the transmission time of a downlink signal;t R ground-representation measurement and control station terminalt T The phase value transmitted at a time isφThe arrival time of the long code returned to the ground measurement and control station end is a value to be solved by the ranging system;t f and the time of arrival of the first bit moment of the telemetering frame head of the ground measuring and controlling station end is represented. The two-way transmission delay can be expressed asτ u +τ d Ort R -t T 。
See fig. 3. In a signal receiving processing part of the telemetering and ranging integrated transponder, an uplink signal received by an antenna is converted into an intermediate frequency signal through a duplexer, a low noise amplifier module and a down-conversion module, and then is converted into a digital intermediate frequency signal by a digital-to-analog converter (ADC), an uplink carrier in an uplink carrier clock recovery module 1 is obtained by a capturing, de-spreading, tracking and demodulating module 3, and a downlink carrier frequency is generated through a forwarding ratio module 2Gf u. Meanwhile, the acquisition, de-spreading, tracking and demodulation module 3 sends the recovered ranging long code synchronous clock to the telemetry data clock generation module 4 in a mode of guiding the Q-path ranging long code by the I-path short code. The data clock of the downstream telemetry is coherent with the recovered upstream ranging long code, wherein,βto representTelemetry data symbol rateR s Rate ratio to uplink ranging long code ChipR c . The uplink Doppler changes the symbol rate of downlink telemetry, and the downlink telemetry data symbol Doppler is not the traditional one-way Doppler but the two-way Doppler, which is the necessary result for realizing the telemetry and ranging integrated method. Intuitively, this introduction may affect the demodulation at the receiving end of the ground, and the marginal loss of demodulation signal-to-noise ratio due to actual doppler is theoretically not higher than 0.002 dB. For a measurement and control system with doppler prediction, negative effects introduced by a carrier Loop of a receiver and a capturing and Tracking Loop based on a DTTL (Digital symbol inversion Tracking Loop) symbol synchronization Loop can be even ignored. The time jitter caused by the loop signal-to-noise ratio of the uplink long code ranging is carried in the downlink data symbol stream, which is also the reason that the ranging function can be realized by using the downlink data symbol synchronization DTTL loop and the frame synchronization assistance. The acquisition, de-spread, tracking and demodulation module 3 recovers the synchronous uplink ranging long code and sends the code to the time difference measurement module 5 to finish the time delayτ s A measurement function. Assume that the chip phase of the measured ranging long code in the predetermined time difference measuring module 5 isφThe transponder uses the system clock to obtain the chip phase of the ranging long code asφTime of arrival oft φ On the other hand, the frame number of the current downlink transmission is obtained asF i Telemetering frame header timet f By passingτ s = t f －t φ A measure of the time delay can be obtained. The 7 th module in the block diagram represents the fusion processing of the ranging information data and the telemetering data, carries out two-path multiplexing on the ranging data and the telemetering data through gating, and sends a data stream into the channel coding framing module 6. By usingn i Is represented by (τ s , F i ) Data binary pair inF i Post-frame delayn i A frame is sent, can guaranteeτ s , n i ) In pairs when appropriateAnd finishing sending. The channel coding framing module 6 sends the framed data to a downlink modulation module, and sends the framed data to the ground through modules such as a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) for analog conversion, up-conversion, power amplification, a duplexer and the like.
See fig. 4. The signal processing of the transmitting end of the telemetering and ranging integrated ground measurement and control station is consistent with that of the traditional unified spread spectrum system. In the transmitting part, a ranging long code generating module 1 generates an uplink signal through data modulation, a DAC (digital-to-analog converter), an up-converter module 2, a power amplifier, a duplexer and an antenna. In the receiving part, a downlink signal received by an antenna is converted into an intermediate frequency signal of 70MHz through a duplexer, a low noise amplifier module and a down-conversion module 3, then the intermediate frequency signal is converted into a digital intermediate frequency signal by a digital-to-analog converter (ADC), and downlink telemetering data is recovered through a telemetering carrier recovery and symbol timing DTTL module, a frame synchronization module and a decoding module. In order to meet the design requirements of the novel system, the processing required to be newly added is mainly embodied at a receiving end, and mainly comprises three modules, namely a frame header moment determining module 4, a ranging delay extraction module 5 and a time difference measuring module 6 in a shadow frame diagram. At the receiving end of the ground measurement and control station, the receiver completes carrier synchronization, symbol synchronization and frame synchronization and demodulates the telemetering information, thereby completing the function of acquiring the telemetering information. Because the relevance between the telemetry data symbol rate and the downlink carrier is added in the downlink signal design, and the telemetry symbol clock carries uplink and downlink Doppler, the relevance can ensure that the downlink carrier loop assists the synchronization of the data symbol loop. Meanwhile, the frame header arrival time is obtained by the frame header time determining module 4t f The frame count is extracted in the ranging delay extraction module 5n i Andτ s thereby obtaining a predetermined ranging long code fixed phase value ofφTime of arrival at a ground stationt R . The two-pass transmission time can be the initial phase time of the long code of the ground sending uplink rangingt T Time of receiving initial phase with groundt R Is obtained and is specifically processed in the time difference measurement module 6. The key part of the design isτ s Measured in units of telemetry data symbols, whereBy usingηIndicating that the predetermined phase time of the ranging long code carried by the telemetry signal downlink occurs at the head of the next telemetry frameηOne telemetry symbol duration time prior. Then goes downτ d The time arrives at the ground measurement and control station and the arrival time is generatedt R . The ground measurement and control station end demodulates the measurement frame and recovers the time difference measurement value of the responderη。
See fig. 5. For the ranging information carried by the downlink telemetry, the time difference measurement value is mainly containedηAnd telemetry frame countingn i . Defining telemetry frame countn i The data length of the counter is 24bits, so that the counter value can not overflow in application. Due to the fact thatηThe number of symbols of the downlink telemetry data is used for representing, the integer part of the symbol offset is represented by 24bits (the longest frame length of the current CCSDS standard does not exceed 98304bits, Turbo code, 1/6 code rate and 16384 information length), and the decimal part of the symbol offset is represented by 24bits, so that sufficient ranging accuracy can be ensured (2)-24/R s ). As long as the telemetry data symbol rate is not less than 5kbps, the accuracy is better than 12ps (3.6 mm). An example of a ranging information format is given here by taking the example of supporting four-station ranging (8 bits per byte; D0 high, D7 low; high first, low last, without this function "0101 … … 0101") where the suffix sync word is 32 bits (352E F853)h. Since it is contemplated that the lock status indication, AGC information, and other status information for each channel may be reflected by telemetry data, no separate fields need to be set in the ranging information format. Taking the function of supporting the simultaneous ranging of four ground stations as an example, a specific frame format is given. W1-W3, 3 bytes, representing telemetry frame count for station 1n 1(ii) a W4-W6, 3 bytes, an integer part representing the number of symbol offsets of the downstream telemetry data of station 1η INT1(ii) a W7-W9, 3 bytes, the decimal part representing the number of symbol offsets of the downstream telemetry data of station 1η FRAC1. W10-W12, 3 bytes, representing telemetry frame count for station 2n 2(ii) a W13-W15, 3 bytes, indicating the position under station 2Integer portion of row telemetry data symbol offset numberη INT2(ii) a W16-W18, 3 bytes, the decimal part representing the number of symbol offsets of the downstream telemetry data of station 2η FRAC2. W19-W21, 3 bytes, representing telemetry frame count for station 3n 3(ii) a W22-W24, 3 bytes, an integer part representing the number of downlink telemetry data symbol offsets for station 3η INT3(ii) a W25-W27, 3 bytes, the decimal part representing the number of symbol offsets of the downstream telemetry data of station 3η FRAC3. W28-W30, 3 bytes, representing telemetry frame count for station 3n 4(ii) a W31-W33, 3 bytes, an integer part representing the number of downlink telemetry data symbol offsets for station 4η INT4(ii) a W34-W36, 3 bytes, the decimal part representing the number of symbol offsets of the downstream telemetry data of station 4η FRAC4. W37-W40, 4 bytes, indicating 32 bits suffix sync word (352E F853)h。
Claims (8)
1. A method for integrally fusing and completing remote measurement and distance measurement of a target range aircraft has the following technical characteristics:
at an aircraft responder end, the aircraft responder respectively samples uplink pseudo code spread spectrum ranging signals sent by a plurality of ground measurement and control stations by utilizing a downlink telemetry frame head to obtain time difference measurement values of the arrival time of the preset phase of each pseudo code chip and the first bit time of a telemetry frame head, the responder puts the time difference measurement values and related parameters into a downlink frame, sends the downlink frame to the ground measurement and control stations by adopting a telemetry load-suppressing modulation mode, multiplexes the time difference measurement values and telemetry data in two ways, loads sampled time difference measurement value data in the next telemetry frame or a plurality of fixed number of telemetry frames at intervals, and changes the symbol rate of the downlink telemetry data by the uplink Doppler frequency according to a forwarding ratio and the symbol rate and carrier frequency ratio of the telemetry data; at a plurality of ground measurement and control station ends, the ground measurement and control station completes carrier synchronization, symbol synchronization and frame synchronization of the telemetering load-suppressing modulation signals, obtains the arrival time of the first bit of the telemetering frame head through the locking condition of the symbol synchronization and the frame synchronization, subtracts the corresponding time difference measurement value obtained by sampling of a transponder in the telemetering frame from the time, refers to the preset phase of the pseudo code chip at the sending time of the ground measurement and control station end, obtains the two-pass transmission time from the sending to the receiving of the preset phase of the pseudo code chip of the ground measurement and control station, and can complete ranging at the same time of telemetering transmission of a single downlink frequency point.
2. The method for integrally fused and completing the telemetry and ranging of the target range aircraft as claimed in claim 1, wherein the time difference measurement value between the arrival time of the preset phase of each pseudo code chip obtained by the sampling of the telemetry frame head and the first bit time of the telemetry frame head is loaded in the telemetry frame.
3. The method for integrally fused and completed telemetry and ranging of an aircraft in a shooting range as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fine distance for ranging is obtained through a symbol synchronization loop of a receiver at the ground station terminal.
4. The method for integrally fused and completed telemetry and ranging of range shuttle vehicles as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein said time difference measurements are respectively represented by an integer and a fractional part of the number of downlink telemetry data symbols, wherein the data bit number of the integer part is 24bits for ensuring the longest telemetry frame length under the CCSDS standard; the number of the bits of the fraction data is 24bits, and the accuracy is higher than 3.6mm under the condition that the telemetering data symbols are not lower than 5 kbps.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the uplink doppler frequency varies the downlink telemetry data symbol rate by a repetition ratio and a ratio of the telemetry data symbol rate to the carrier frequency, whereby the correlation results in synchronization of the downlink carrier loop to the supplemental data symbol loop, and the downlink data symbol rate carries time jitter due to the loop signal-to-noise ratio of the uplink long code ranging.
6. The method for integrally fusion-completing telemetry and ranging of a range aircraft as defined in claim 1 wherein the doppler rate of the downlink telemetry data symbols received by the ground station is no longer a one-way doppler rate but a two-way doppler rate.
7. The method for integrally performing the telemetry and ranging of the target range aircraft as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the processing part of the receiving signal of the telemetry and ranging integrated transponder, the signal is converted into a digital signal by a digital-to-analog converter (ADC) after passing through a low noise amplifier module and a down-conversion module, the uplink carrier wave in the uplink carrier wave clock recovery module (1) is obtained by capturing, despreading, tracking and demodulating module (3), and the downlink carrier frequency is generated by a forwarding ratio module (2)Gf u；Meanwhile, the acquisition, de-spreading, tracking and demodulation module (3) sends the recovered ranging long code synchronous clock to the telemetering data clock generation module (4) in a mode of guiding the Q-path ranging long code by the I-path short code.
8. The method for integrally and integratedly completing the telemetry and ranging of the target range aircraft as claimed in claim 7, wherein the acquisition, de-spread, tracking and demodulation module (3) recovers the synchronous uplink ranging long code and sends the same to the time difference measurement module (5) for completing the time delayτ s And (6) measuring.
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