CN102338346A - 适用于半导体灯的光学装置 - Google Patents

适用于半导体灯的光学装置 Download PDF

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CN102338346A
CN102338346A CN2010102996292A CN201010299629A CN102338346A CN 102338346 A CN102338346 A CN 102338346A CN 2010102996292 A CN2010102996292 A CN 2010102996292A CN 201010299629 A CN201010299629 A CN 201010299629A CN 102338346 A CN102338346 A CN 102338346A
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刘克迅
朱允元
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Pinecone Energies Inc Virgin Islands
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
    • F21K9/60—Optical arrangements integrated in the light source, e.g. for improving the colour rendering index or the light extraction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/22—Reflectors for light sources characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings, e.g. dichroic reflectors
    • F21V7/24—Reflectors for light sources characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings, e.g. dichroic reflectors characterised by the material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
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    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/22—Reflectors for light sources characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings, e.g. dichroic reflectors
    • F21V7/28—Reflectors for light sources characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings, e.g. dichroic reflectors characterised by coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
    • H01L33/58—Optical field-shaping elements
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    • F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
    • F21K9/20—Light sources comprising attachment means
    • F21K9/23—Retrofit light sources for lighting devices with a single fitting for each light source, e.g. for substitution of incandescent lamps with bayonet or threaded fittings
    • F21K9/232—Retrofit light sources for lighting devices with a single fitting for each light source, e.g. for substitution of incandescent lamps with bayonet or threaded fittings specially adapted for generating an essentially omnidirectional light distribution, e.g. with a glass bulb
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F21V17/00—Fastening of component parts of lighting devices, e.g. shades, globes, refractors, reflectors, filters, screens, grids or protective cages
    • F21V17/06—Fastening of component parts of lighting devices, e.g. shades, globes, refractors, reflectors, filters, screens, grids or protective cages the fastening being onto or by the lampholder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • F21V29/50—Cooling arrangements
    • F21V29/502—Cooling arrangements characterised by the adaptation for cooling of specific components
    • F21V29/505—Cooling arrangements characterised by the adaptation for cooling of specific components of reflectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/0025—Combination of two or more reflectors for a single light source
    • F21V7/0033—Combination of two or more reflectors for a single light source with successive reflections from one reflector to the next or following
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
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Abstract

一种适用于半导体灯的光学装置，包括一基座以及一光导引元件。基座用于架设一半导体发光装置，光导引元件具有一开口及位于开口旁的一反射面。开口设置于半导体发光装置正上方，反射面导引从半导体发光装置射出的光线至侧面方向。

Description

适用于半导体灯的光学装置
技术领域
本发明是有关于一种电发光装置，且特别是有关于一种利用发光二极管(light emitting diode，LED)的电发光装置。
背景技术
发光二极管是半导体二极管的光源(semiconductor diode based lightsource)，当二极管被施予顺向偏压时(切换为开启)，电子能在装置中与电洞再结合而以光子形式释放能量。这个效应称为电致发光(electroluminescence)且光的颜色(对应于光子的能量)是视半导体的能隙(energy gap)而定。当作为光源时，发光二极管较白炽光源呈现出许多优点。这些优点包括低能耗、长寿命、强度提升、小尺寸、快速切换及较好的耐久性与可靠度。
然而，作为光源的发光二极管有其缺点。其中一个缺点是从发光二极管晶片射出的光集中在与发光二极管晶片表面的垂直或正交方向上，例如，发光二极管的光是在直向方向较强且在侧边方向剧烈缩减。为了让发光二极管的光更像在全部方向具均匀光射出强度的传统白炽光源，因而使用反射体来将发光二极管的光从直向导引至侧向。然而，导引光线仅利于侧向方向而牺牲在直向方向的光，并不足以成为有效率的均匀广角光源。
因此，提供一种能够从发光二极管晶片均匀地在大部份方向射出光的发光二极管灯泡是重要的课题。
发明内容
本发明提供一种光学装置，以使半导体灯能成为均匀的广角光源。
本发明提出一种适用于半导体灯(semiconductor based lamp)的光学装置。此光学装置包括一基座以及一光导引元件。基座用于架设一半导体发光装置，光导引元件具有一开口及位于开口旁的一反射面。开口配置于半导体发光装置正上方，反射面导引从半导体发光装置射出的光线至侧面方向。
本发明另提出一种适用于半导体灯的光学装置。此光学装置包括一基座与一光导引元件。基座用于架设一或多个发光二极管。光导引元件具有一开口及位于开口旁的一反射面。开口设置于所述发光二极管正上方，反射面导引从所述发光二极管射出的光线至侧面方向。
本发明的光学装置中，由于光导引元件的开口可让部份光线通过，而反射面可让部份光线反射，所以能让光线均匀地往多个方向传递。因此，本发明的光学装置可让半导体灯成为均匀的广角光源。
为让本发明的上述和其他目的、特征和优点能更明显易懂，下文特举较佳实施例，并配合所附图式，作详细说明如下。
附图说明
图1为根据本发明实施例的适用于发光二极管灯的光学装置的立体图。
图2绘示图1中的光学装置的工作机制。
图3绘示达成均匀光分散图案的光学装置的尺寸考量。
图4A至4G绘示数个能用于图1的发光二极管灯的光导引型态。
图5A及5B绘示本发明图5C及图5D的发光二极管灯的模拟结果。
【主要元件符号说明】
100：光学装置        110：基座        115：发光二极管装置
120：光导引元件      125：开口        130：脚架
210、221a、222a、223a、224a、442、465：光
221b、222b、223b、224b：侧面光
403、404、405：光导引元件    410：锥形板结构            412：反射面
420：实心结构                430：平环                  440：反射面
450：反射面                  452：倾斜面                460：突出元件
462：侧反射面                470：具有雾状表面的半透明盖体
500、520：圆极座标图         502、504：远场分布         D：直径
506：圆角刻度                570：具有雾状表面的盖体    E：直径
F：宽度                      H：高度
具体实施方式
本发明揭露适用于半导体灯的光学装置。此光学装置将半导体灯的指向性光扩展至广角度的方向上，使得半导体灯的光型图(light emittingpattern)类似于传统白炽灯泡。
图1为本发明实施例的适用于发光二极管灯的光学装置100的立体图。光学装置100包括基座110，而发光二极管装置115架设于基座110上。发光二极管装置115可以在单一个半导体基板上形成，或是以发光二极管阵列形成。发光二极管装置115亦可为其他半导体发光装置，例如半导体发光装置除了可为发光二极管装置，亦可为雷射二极管发光装置。一形状例如呈锥形(cone-shaped)的光导引元件120例如是借助三个脚架130稳固在基座110，脚架130可以在光导引元件120之外或是之下。脚架130可以是刀形(knife-shaped)，并且刀尖(knife edge)朝向光导引元件120的中心轴，藉以避免遮蔽光。或者是，脚架130也可由细金属线所制成，以避免遮蔽光。使用金属来建构光导引元件120及脚架130的好处是能适当地将发光二极管装置115产生的热散去。
请再参考图1，光导引元件120具有位于其中央的开口125，开口125设置于发光二极管装置115的正上方。
图2绘示图1中的光学装置100的工作机制。开口125的直径小于发光二极管装置115的直径，从发光二极管装置115中央射出的光210直接穿过开口125，从发光二极管装置115周遭射出的光221a、222a、223a、224a由锥形光导引元件120反射为侧面光221b、222b、223b、224b。因此，光学装置100能让发光二极管装置115射出直向光210及侧面光221b、222b、223b、224b。
此外，图2显示光223a及224a与发光二极管装置115呈一垂直角度。尽管没有如垂直方向的光223a及224a一样强，发光二极管装置115也在非垂直方向射出光221a及222a。这些光的总合(包含垂直方向的光223a、224a及非垂直方向的光221a、222a)形成从发光二极管装置115发出的光源，且此光源具有能在更多方向上相对均匀分散的光型图。
图3绘示光学装置100的尺寸考量以达成均匀的光型图。光学装置100的高度H是从光导引元件120的顶端至发光二极管装置115的底部。光学装置100的宽度F大体而言是光导引元件120的直径。为了将光学装置100改造成能容纳于传统白炽灯泡的有限空间中，高度H与发光二极管装置115的直径D的比值(即H除以D)，以及宽度F与发光二极管装置115的直径D的比值(即F除以D)，必须二者皆小于4。当发光二极管装置115的直径D等于或大于灯泡直径的四分之一，上述比值会更加重要。一般来说，光导引元件120的直径F与发光二极管装置115的直径D之间的比值介于0.7至2之间。在一实施例中，开口125的直径E与发光二极管装置115的直径D之间的比值应当小于0.7。虽然图3未示，但图1显示发光二极管装置115架设在基座110。在较佳实施例中，基座110尺寸是大于发光二极管装置115的尺寸。
图4A至4G绘示数个能适用于图1的发光二极管灯的光导引型态。如图4A，光导引元件120包含由塑胶、玻璃或金属材料所制成的一锥形板结构410。反射面412由镀于锥形板结构410的底部的反射材料所构成。
另一方面，图4B绘示实心结构420的锥形表面，且锥形表面镀有反射层以形成反射面412。实心结构420留有开口125以允许光能直接在直向方向射出。
如图4C，光导引元件403包含环绕中央开口125的一平环430，且反射面412更延伸至平环430的底面。
如图4D，光导引元件404包括面向底部(bottom facing)的一反射面440，其作为反射面412的外环。借助此外加面向底部的反射面440，部份光(如光442)可被导引朝下。因此，此光导引元件404所形成的光型图更为广角。
如图4E，反射面450的一主部份是接近水平放置，使得更多射出的光得以反射朝下。环绕水平反射面450的倾斜面452让更多光反射朝下。
如图4F，借助突出元件460将发光二极管装置115垫高。突出元件460具有侧反射面462。光465被反射二次，一次是被面向底部的反射面440反射，另一次是被侧反射面462反射。如此的结构亦有助于达到较为广角的光型图(global pattern)。
如图4G，一具有雾状表面的半透明盖体470包覆具有光导引元件120的一发光二极管光源，藉以更强化射出光强度的均匀性。如此的发光二极管光源更能类似于传统白炽灯泡。
图5A及5B绘示根据本发明图5C及图5D的发光二极管灯的模拟结果。如图5A，圆极座标图(circular polar plot)500在圆角刻度(circularangular scale)506上显示远场(far-field)分布(光强度分布)502及504，其中0度代表其轴向(on-axis direction)，180度代表0度的相反方向，而其余方向则为离轴角度(off-axis angle)。在传统发光二极管装置中，即使配置有光导引元件，其180度方向的光线仍会受到光源(发光二极管)的阻挡。然而，在本发明的较佳实施例中，部分光线可形成侧向延伸，使得180度仍有光强产生。如图5C，发光二极管装置115的直径是20公厘(mm)，光导引元件405的宽度是32mm，光导引元件405的开口125的直径是12mm，光导引元件405的顶端及发光二极管装置115表面之间的距离是8mm。远场分布502显示发光二极管装置115之下的光具有相当大的强度，远场分布504显示光亦射至发光二极管装置115上方。
如图5B，当使用显示于图5D的具有雾状表面的盖体570(类似于图4G的具有雾状表面的盖体470)时可得到圆极座标图520，远场分布522显示光型图接近圆形，其意指发光二极管灯射出的光线均匀地分布于所有方向。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上，然其并非用以限定本发明，任何熟习此技艺者，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，当可作些许的更动与润饰，因此本发明的保护范围当视申请专利范围所界定的内容为准。

Claims (9)

1.一种光学装置，适用于半导体灯，其特征在于该光学装置包括：
一个基座，用于架设一个半导体发光装置；以及
一个光导引元件，具有一个开口及位于该开口旁的一个反射面，
其中，该开口设置于该半导体发光装置正上方，该反射面导引从该半导体发光装置射出的光线至侧面方向。
2.如权利要求1所述的光学装置，其特征在于：该半导体发光元件包括至少一个发光二极管。
3.如权利要求1所述的光学装置，其特征在于：该光导引元件稳固在该基座。
4.如权利要求1所述的光学装置，其特征在于：该反射面为锥形并环绕该开口。
5.如权利要求1所述的光学装置，其特征在于：该反射面的一部份导引从该半导体发光装置射出的光朝下。
6.如权利要求1所述的光学装置，其特征在于：该光导引元件由一个金属薄板形成。
7.如权利要求1所述的光学装置，其特征在于：该反射面借助镀上反射材料于一个塑胶材料上而形成。
8.如权利要求1所述的光学装置，其特征在于：该光导引元件借助一个锥形实心材料所形成，该锥形实心材料具有位在中间的一个开口及镀有光反射材料的一个外表面。
9.如权利要求1所述的光学装置，其特征在于更包括一个具有雾状表面的半透明盖体，包覆该半导体发光装置及该光导引元件。
CN2010102996292A 2010-07-15 2010-10-08 适用于半导体灯的光学装置 Pending CN102338346A (zh)

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