CN102338198B - 齿轮传动的涡轮风扇紧急备用动力 - Google Patents

齿轮传动的涡轮风扇紧急备用动力 Download PDF

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CN102338198B
CN102338198B CN201110196784.6A CN201110196784A CN102338198B CN 102338198 B CN102338198 B CN 102338198B CN 201110196784 A CN201110196784 A CN 201110196784A CN 102338198 B CN102338198 B CN 102338198B
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gear
planetary pinion
box
drive
brake
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CN102338198A (zh
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G.C.小莱默斯
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Hamilton Sundstrand Corp
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D21/00Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
    • F01D21/006Arrangements of brakes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02CGAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/36Power transmission arrangements between the different shafts of the gas turbine plant, or between the gas-turbine plant and the power user
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02KJET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02K3/00Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan
    • F02K3/02Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan in which part of the working fluid by-passes the turbine and combustion chamber
    • F02K3/04Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan in which part of the working fluid by-passes the turbine and combustion chamber the plant including ducted fans, i.e. fans with high volume, low pressure outputs, for augmenting the jet thrust, e.g. of double-flow type
    • F02K3/06Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan in which part of the working fluid by-passes the turbine and combustion chamber the plant including ducted fans, i.e. fans with high volume, low pressure outputs, for augmenting the jet thrust, e.g. of double-flow type with front fan
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00Function
    • F05D2260/90Braking
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00Control
    • F05D2270/01Purpose of the control system
    • F05D2270/09Purpose of the control system to cope with emergencies
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/19Gearing
    • Y10T74/19637Gearing with brake means for gearing

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Retarders (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及齿轮传动的涡轮风扇紧急备用动力,具体地,一种齿轮箱具有第一回转部件和第二回转部件,所述齿轮箱具有旋转输入和旋转输出,第一制动器用于制动所述齿轮箱的所述第一回转部件抵抗其旋转,并且第二制动器用于制动所述齿轮箱的所述第二回转部件抵抗其旋转。如果所述第一制动器制动所述齿轮箱的所述第一回转部件,则所述旋转输入驱动所述旋转输出,并且如果所述第二制动器制动所述齿轮箱的所述第二回转部件,则所述旋转输出驱动所述齿轮箱的第一回转部件。

Description

齿轮传动的涡轮风扇紧急备用动力
技术领域
本公开一般地涉及燃气涡轮发动机,并且更具体地涉及一种设备,其在紧急条件中选择性地脱开齿轮传动的涡轮风扇燃料涡轮发动机的部件。
背景技术
飞机的齿轮传动的涡轮风扇发动机被已知为相对于其他类型飞机燃气涡轮发动机提供良好的燃料经济性,在所述涡轮风扇发动机中,齿轮传动的差速器(differential)将低压涡轮连接到风扇。差速器给发动机设计者提供了灵活性,从而经由差速器的输入输出速度比而独立地优化风扇和低压涡轮速度及效率。
发明内容
根据本文所示的一个示例,一种齿轮箱具有第一回转部件和第二回转部件,所述齿轮箱具有旋转输入和旋转输出,第一制动器用于制动所述齿轮箱的所述第一回转部件抵抗其旋转,并且第二制动器用于制动所述齿轮箱的所述第二回转部件抵抗其旋转。如果所述第一制动器制动所述齿轮箱的所述第一回转部件,则所述旋转输入驱动所述旋转输出,并且如果所述第二制动器制动所述齿轮箱的所述第二回转部件,则所述旋转输出驱动所述齿轮箱的第一回转部件。
根据本文所示的另一个示例,一种齿轮箱具有恒星齿轮、与所述恒星齿轮接合的行星齿轮、所述行星齿轮安装到的载架和环齿轮,和第一制动器用于制动及解除制动所述载架以便其旋转及抵抗其旋转,和第二制动器用于制动及解除制动所述恒星齿轮以便旋转及抵抗旋转,和动力部件。如果所述第二制动器制动所述恒星齿轮,则所述动力部件从所述载架接收回转输出,并且如果所述第一制动器被激活,则所述动力部件不从所述载架接收回转输出。
根据本文所示的又一个示例,一种方法包括:向差速齿轮箱输出提供旋转输入;制动所述齿轮箱的第一部件以允许所述旋转输入经由所述齿轮箱提供所述输出;以及制动所述齿轮箱的第二部件的旋转以允许所述输出驱动所述齿轮箱的所述第一部件。
通过以下说明书和附图可以最好地理解本发明的这些及其它特征,其下面是简要说明。
附图说明
图1包括附接到周转差速器(epicyclic differential)的低压涡轮的示意图。
图2是图1的周转差速器的透视图。
图3是图1的齿轮系的顶视图。
具体实施方式
现在参见图1,示出了燃气涡轮发动机10的示意图。高压涡轮部分15经由第一轴25驱动压缩机部分20。类似地,低压涡轮部分30经由轴40驱动齿轮箱35(例如,向齿轮箱35提供回转输入)。如本领域已知的,齿轮箱35经由环齿轮50驱动风扇45以给飞机(未示出)提供动力。轴制动器55附接到轴40。
现在参见图1和图2,示出了齿轮箱35。齿轮箱35可以是周转的并且具有回转部件,包括安装成随轴40旋转的输入恒星齿轮60、安装在载架70中的多个行星齿轮65、以及具有齿75的输出环齿轮50,齿75与行星齿轮65相互作用。动力齿轮80附接到载架以便随其旋转。齿轮箱35允许风扇45处于与旋转轴40速度不同的速度,以优化燃气涡轮机发动机10的特定燃料消耗。
现在参见图3,示出了齿轮系85。齿轮系85被动力齿轮80经由齿轮90驱动以将回转动力提供给动力部件95(诸如发电机、液压泵等)或者飞机中可能使用的并且被构想为用于本文的其他动力或驱动机构。动力部件95提供动力105(通常为电力或泵送流体的形式)以便用于飞机(现示出)中。载架制动器100可以是螺线管或用于保持载架70抵抗旋转的其他类似装置,载架制动器100邻接载架70。动力部件95设计成在燃气涡轮发动机10没有操作和驱动分离的动力源(未示出)时被使用。
在正常操作期间,控制器110经由线路115发送信号以激活载架制动器100,从而,载架被固接(grounded)或被保持而抵抗旋转。轴40使恒星齿轮60旋转,恒星齿轮60使行星齿轮65旋转,行星齿轮65使环齿轮50旋转,环齿轮50进而使风扇45绕其旋转。在载架70被固接(即,“被制动”)的这种模式中,动力部件95也被固接(即,不产生动力)并且动力部件95上的机器应力和磨损被最小化。
在紧急情况期间,当飞机的(一个或多个)主发动机和/或(一个或多个)辅助动力单元可能不能工作时,失效的(一个或多个)发动机的风扇45可由于飞机(未示出)的向前速度而借风力旋转或转动。在这种情况中,可从风扇45提取显著量的动力以驱动动力部件95,例如紧急备用发电机和/或液压泵。
在这种紧急情况中,控制器110经由线路115发送信号以脱开载架制动器100从而允许载架旋转,并且经由线路120发送信号以接合轴制动器55从而使轴40和恒星齿轮60停止旋转。换句话说,恒星齿轮60被固接,由此允许旋转的风扇45使环齿轮50旋转,环齿轮50使行星齿轮65绕静止的恒星齿轮60旋转以使载架70和动力齿轮80旋转。动力齿轮80进而使齿轮90旋转以给动力部件95提供动力,从而向飞机(未示出)提供动力105。
通过在紧急情况期间制动恒星齿轮/发动机轴降低了寄生损耗;即因而可从动力部件提取动力。应当注意,如果燃气涡轮发动机10不能工作,则它的质量和寄生损耗使得轴40难以转动,由此在恒星齿轮上提供制动力,从而降低对于轴制动器55的需要。换句话说,发动机的质量和寄生损耗实质上提供了抵抗恒星齿轮60的旋转的固接力,由此允许由叶片45提供的旋转力给动力部件95提供动力,即使在轴40有一些旋转时依然如此。
可经由任何数量的离合方法来提供周转差速构件通过载架制动器100和/或轴制动器55的固接和解除固接,例如带制动器、锥形制动器、面离合器等。
虽然在所示示例中示出了特征的组合,但不是所有这些特征都需要被组合起来以实现本公开的各种实施例的益处。换句话说,根据本公开一个实施例设计的系统将不必包括任一图中所示的所有特征,也不必包括图中所示意性示出的所有部分。而且,一个示例性实施例的选定特征可与其他示例性实施例的选定特征进行组合。
前面的描述本质上是示例性的而非限制性的。所公开示例的变形和修改对于本领域技术人员将变得明显,而不必偏离本公开的实质。给予本公开的法律保护范围仅可通过研究所附权利要求而确定。

Claims (6)

1.一种飞机的风扇驱动设备,包括:
齿轮箱,其具有:
行星齿轮载架;
第一制动器,其用于制动所述齿轮箱的所述行星齿轮载架抵抗其旋转;
行星齿轮,其安装在所述行星齿轮载架中;
环齿轮,其安装为驱动所述行星齿轮或被所述行星齿轮驱动;
恒星齿轮,其安装为驱动所述行星齿轮;
第二制动器,其用于制动所述齿轮箱的所述恒星齿轮抵抗其旋转;和
轴,其连接以驱动所述恒星齿轮;
发动机风扇,其耦接到所述环齿轮并可被其驱动;以及
其中,所述第一制动器设置为制动所述齿轮箱的所述行星齿轮载架,使得所述轴驱动所述恒星齿轮以驱动所述行星齿轮以驱动所述环齿轮以驱动所述发动机风扇,并且
当所述第一制动器释放时,所述第二制动器设置为制动所述齿轮箱的所述恒星齿轮,使得所述发动机风扇驱动所述环齿轮以驱动所述行星齿轮以驱动所述行星齿轮载架。
2.如权利要求1所述的设备,进一步包括动力部件,所述动力部件被所述齿轮箱的所述行星齿轮载架驱动。
3.如权利要求1所述的设备,其中,所述轴附接到发动机的涡轮部分。
4.如权利要求1所述的设备,其中,所述齿轮箱是差速齿轮箱。
5.一种用于在紧急情况下选择性脱离涡轮风扇燃气涡轮发动机的部件的方法,所述方法包括:
提供齿轮箱,所述齿轮箱包括:
行星齿轮载架;
第一制动器,其用于制动所述齿轮箱的所述行星齿轮载架抵抗其旋转;
行星齿轮,其安装在所述行星齿轮载架中;
环齿轮,其安装为驱动所述行星齿轮或被所述行星齿轮驱动;
恒星齿轮,其安装为驱动所述行星齿轮;
第二制动器,其用于制动所述齿轮箱的所述恒星齿轮抵抗其旋转;和
轴,其连接以驱动所述恒星齿轮;
将发动机风扇耦接到所述环齿轮;以及
当所述发动机在运行中,以所述第一制动器制动所述行星齿轮载架以允许所述轴驱动所述恒星齿轮以经由齿轮箱驱动所述环齿轮以驱动所述发动机风扇;以及
当所述发动机不在运行中,释放所述行星齿轮载架的所述制动并以所述第二制动器制动所述恒星齿轮以允许所述发动机风扇驱动所述环齿轮以驱动所述行星齿轮载架。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,进一步包括:
如果所述恒星齿轮被制动,则由所述行星齿轮载架驱动动力部件以从所述行星齿轮载架提取动力。
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