CN110100092A - 风力涡轮机 - Google Patents

风力涡轮机 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110100092A
CN110100092A CN201780080373.6A CN201780080373A CN110100092A CN 110100092 A CN110100092 A CN 110100092A CN 201780080373 A CN201780080373 A CN 201780080373A CN 110100092 A CN110100092 A CN 110100092A
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pump
wind turbine
gear
generator
hydraulic
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A·F·H·巴斯坦
H·格罗尼曼斯
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NESTOR MANAGEMENT CONSULTANTS BV
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NESTOR MANAGEMENT CONSULTANTS BV
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/80—Arrangement of components within nacelles or towers
    • F03D80/88—Arrangement of components within nacelles or towers of mechanical components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/28—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being a pump or a compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B17/00—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors
    • F04B17/02—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors driven by wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H47/00—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/116—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with gears
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • H02K7/183—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines wherein the turbine is a wind turbine
    • H02K7/1838—Generators mounted in a nacelle or similar structure of a horizontal axis wind turbine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/40—Transmission of power
    • F05B2260/403—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components
    • F05B2260/4031—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing
    • F05B2260/40311—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing of the epicyclic, planetary or differential type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/40—Transmission of power
    • F05B2260/406—Transmission of power through hydraulic systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H39/00—Rotary fluid gearing using pumps and motors of the volumetric type, i.e. passing a predetermined volume of fluid per revolution
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/12—Machines characterised by the modularity of some components
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

一种风力涡轮机(1)，包括：具有一个或多个叶片的涡轮转子(3)、发电机(4)和将涡轮转子(3)与发电机(4)互相连接的传动系统(5)。传动系统(5)设置有由涡轮转子(3)直接驱动的主齿轮(6)。多个小齿轮与主齿轮(6)啮合。每个小齿轮驱动液压泵(7)。液压马达(8)经由相应的高压管线(9)和低压管线连接到相应的泵(7)。液压马达(8)与发电机(4)的输入轴接合。行星齿轮传动装置(10)布置在每个小齿轮与相应的液压泵(7)之间。

Description

风力涡轮机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种风力涡轮机，包括具有一个或多个叶片的涡轮转子、发电机和将涡轮转子与发电机互相连接的传动系统(drive train)。传动系统设置有：主齿轮，由涡轮转子直接驱动；多个小齿轮，与主齿轮啮合；多个液压泵，每个液压泵由小齿轮中的一个驱动；至少一个液压马达，经由相应的高压管线和低压管线连接到相应的泵，所述至少一个液压马达与发电机的输入轴接合。
背景技术
在例如WO 2013/104694中公开了具有液压传动装置(hydraulic transmission)的风力涡轮机。具有长叶片的大型多兆瓦(multi-MW)风力涡轮机似乎对于由风发电最有效。由于在移动经过空气时对叶片尖端的最大速度的自然限制，涡轮机的转速可随着叶片长度的增大而降低。对于具有较大叶片长度的风力涡轮机，涡轮转子的转速可被限制为例如10转/分钟。发电机适于将由叶片生成的功率转换为电力，并且可以以例如1500转/分钟的转速旋转。这意味着，发电机与涡轮转子之间的传动系统可具有150的传动比。在已知的风力涡轮机中，该传动比通过主齿轮与小齿轮之间的机械传动装置以及液压泵与液压马达之间的液压传动装置产生。
发明内容
本发明的目的是，提供具有改善效率的风力涡轮机。
该目的利用根据本发明的风力涡轮机实现，其中，行星齿轮传动装置布置在每个小齿轮与相应的液压泵之间。这提供了通过两个齿轮传动级实现高机械传动比的机会。因此，泵的转速可相对较高，这需要相对较小的液压泵，以带来传动系统的较低的重量和改善的总效率。此外，应用相对较小的泵的优势在于，泵的数量可容易地改变，而主齿轮的尺寸保持相同。这在通过应用或多或少的液压泵来输出功率方面提供了风力涡轮机的尺寸设计的高度灵活性。
在实践中，主齿轮可以是外部齿轮，并且小齿轮的旋转轴线和主齿轮的旋转轴线可以平行。
一个或多个液压马达的容量可与液压泵的容量相同。
为了产生风力涡轮机的广范围的功率容量，泵可位于主齿轮的相对侧处。
泵可具有基本相同的容量。这提供了通过应用或多或少的类似的泵以模块化的方式构建具有不同标称功率的风力涡轮机的机会。
类似地，当传动系统具有至少两个液压马达时，马达可具有基本相同的容量。
可能清楚的是，可在不改变风力涡轮机的主齿轮和涡轮转子的尺寸的情况下制定泵、马达和发电机的数量的许多组合。
可选地，传动系统可包括环形齿轮箱，该环形齿轮箱包围主齿轮并支撑行星齿轮传动装置和液压泵。环形齿轮箱可例如联接到主轴承。使用这种环形齿轮箱有助于使得作为整体的传动系统具有较低的重量。
此外，公开了一种风力涡轮机，其包括：涡轮转子，具有一个或多个叶片；发电机；以及将涡轮转子与发电机相互连接的传动系统。传动系统设置有：主齿轮，由涡轮转子直接驱动；多个小齿轮，与主齿轮啮合；多个液压泵，每个泵由所述小齿轮中的一个驱动；和至少一个液压马达，经由相应的高压管线和低压管线连接到相应的泵。所述至少一个液压马达与发电机的输入轴接合。泵位于主齿轮的相对侧处。
此外，公开了一种风力涡轮机，其包括：涡轮转子，具有一个或多个叶片；发电机；以及将涡轮转子与发电机相互连接的传动系统。传动系统设置有：主齿轮，由涡轮转子直接驱动；多个小齿轮，与主齿轮啮合；多个液压泵，每个泵由所述小齿轮中的一个驱动；以及至少一个液压马达，经由相应的高压管线和低压管线连接到相应的泵。所述至少一个液压马达与发电机的输入轴接合并且在主齿轮的相对侧处连接到一个或多个泵。
附图说明
下面将参照以示例方式示出本发明实施例的非常示意性的附图对本发明进行解释。
图1是根据本发明的风力涡轮机的实施例的一部分的立体图。
图2是与图1类似的以更大比例示出的图1的实施例的一部分的视图。
图3是与图2类似的视图，但示出了备选实施例。
图4示出了具有泵的主齿轮的剖视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了根据本发明的风力涡轮机1的实施例的一部分。风力涡轮机1具有安装在塔(未示出)上的机舱(nacelle)2。风力涡轮机1包括安装在机舱2内部的两个发电机4和具有三个叶片(未示出)的涡轮转子3。发电机4适于将由叶片3生成的功率转换为电力，并且以例如1500转/分钟的最大转速旋转，因此发电机4的尺寸受限制。涡轮转子3以低得多的速度(例如，10转/分钟)旋转。
传动系统5将涡轮转子3与发电机4互相连接。传动系统5设置有包围外部齿轮6A(见图4)的环形齿轮箱6。主齿轮由涡轮转子3直接驱动。六个小齿轮7A(图4)与主齿轮6A啮合。
图2以更大的比例示出了传动系统5。传动系统5包括六个液压泵7和两个液压马达8。每个泵7由小齿轮中的一个驱动并且每个液压马达8经由相应的高压管线9和低压管线(未示出)连接到三个泵7。每个液压马达8与相应的发电机4的输入轴接合，以用于驱动相应的发电机4。
在每个小齿轮与配合的液压泵7之间布置有行星齿轮传动装置10。这意味着应用了通过两个齿轮传动级的机械传动。
图3示出了风力涡轮机1的备选实施例的一部分。在这种情况下，传动系统5包括16个泵7，其中的八个泵7位于主齿轮6的前侧处，另八个泵7位于主齿轮6的后侧处。此外，本实施例的传动系统5包括两个双液压马达8’，其中两个类似的液压马达的轴彼此联接。前侧处的泵7连接到双液压马达8’中的一者，而后侧处的泵7连接到另一双液压马达8’。
在如图所示的实施例中，相应的泵7以及相应的马达8是类似的，使得能够通过改变泵7、马达8和发电机4的数量而无需改变涡轮转子3和主齿轮6的尺寸而以模块化的方式构建具有不同功率容量的风力涡轮机。

Claims (7)

1.一种风力涡轮机(1)，包括：具有一个或多个叶片的涡轮转子(3)、发电机(4)以及将所述涡轮转子(3)与所述发电机(4)互相连接的传动系统(5)，其中，所述传动系统(5)设置有：主齿轮(6)，由所述涡轮转子(3)直接驱动；多个小齿轮，与所述主齿轮(6)啮合；多个液压泵(7)，每个泵(7)由所述小齿轮中的一个驱动；至少一个液压马达(8)，经由相应的高压管线(9)和低压管线连接到相应的泵(7)，所述至少一个液压马达(8)与所述发电机(4)的输入轴接合，其特征在于，行星齿轮传动装置(10)布置在每个小齿轮与相应的液压泵(7)之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的风力涡轮机(1)，其中，所述液压马达具有与每个泵基本相同的容量。
3.根据权利要求1或2中任一项所述的风力涡轮机(1)，其中，所述泵(7)位于所述主齿轮(6)的相对侧处。
4.根据前述权利要求中的一项所述的风力涡轮机(1)，其中，所述主齿轮(6)是外部齿轮。
5.根据前述权利要求中的一项所述的风力涡轮机(1)，其中，所述泵(7)具有基本相同的容量。
6.根据前述权利要求中的一项所述的风力涡轮机(1)，其中，所述传动系统(5)具有至少两个液压马达(8)，所述至少两个液压马达具有基本相同的容量。
7.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的风力涡轮机，包括环形齿轮箱，所述环形齿轮箱包围所述主齿轮并支撑所述行星齿轮传动装置和所述液压泵。
CN201780080373.6A 2016-10-28 2017-10-27 风力涡轮机 Pending CN110100092A (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP16196377.2 2016-10-28
EP16196377.2A EP3315770A1 (en) 2016-10-28 2016-10-28 A wind turbine comprising a hydraulic drive train
PCT/EP2017/077615 WO2018078104A1 (en) 2016-10-28 2017-10-27 A wind turbine

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN110100092A true CN110100092A (zh) 2019-08-06

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CN201780080373.6A Pending CN110100092A (zh) 2016-10-28 2017-10-27 风力涡轮机

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US (1) US20190242365A1 (zh)
EP (2) EP3315770A1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2019535963A (zh)
CN (1) CN110100092A (zh)
WO (1) WO2018078104A1 (zh)

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CN102506017A (zh) * 2011-11-22 2012-06-20 江麓机电科技有限公司 静压差动调速式风电机组主传动装置
CN103185121A (zh) * 2013-04-02 2013-07-03 江苏大学 一种机液复合传动增速装置
CN104481809A (zh) * 2014-11-17 2015-04-01 四川川润液压润滑设备有限公司 分流式风力发电装置

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