CN102337733A - Stepwise plant configuration method for reinforcing tidal flat face - Google Patents
Stepwise plant configuration method for reinforcing tidal flat face Download PDFInfo
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- CN102337733A CN102337733A CN2010102371760A CN201010237176A CN102337733A CN 102337733 A CN102337733 A CN 102337733A CN 2010102371760 A CN2010102371760 A CN 2010102371760A CN 201010237176 A CN201010237176 A CN 201010237176A CN 102337733 A CN102337733 A CN 102337733A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a stepwise plant configuration method for reinforcing a muddy tidal flat face. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: dividing the gradient of a tidal flat according to the length of the water penetration of the tidal flat face; and configuring plants for growing and reinforcing the beach along the gradient of the tidal flat according to the erosion condition of the tidal flat face in different seasons. The stepwise plant configuration method belongs to the technical field of ecological engineering. The method can be used to effectively reinforce the muddy tidal flat face, have low construction cost, and have tidal flat ecological value, aesthetic value and recreation value.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological engineering, relate to a kind of method of reinforcing the tidal flat beach face, specifically relate to a kind of step configuration plant method of reinforcing mud matter tidal flat beach face.
Background technology
It is a kind of principal mode that littoral zone corrodes that the tidal flat beach face corrodes, and the speed of tidal flat beach face decrease speed can directly reflect the order of severity of Coastal erosion.It often betides the silt coast zone, like the Yangtze River Delta and the Huanghe delta.The process of its erosion mainly shows as: the washing away of hydrology power such as trend, wave, bounce, under the influence such as bump; Be prone to cause the loose and starting of tidal flat surface silt; And carrying under one's arms and transportation owing to rip tide; The silt of beach face starting is moved away from the original place, make the silt that deposits on the tidal flat, cause the tidal flat beach face to corrode by potamic transport.
The tidal flat beach face corrodes possibly produce multiple harm, and show: (1) does not have in the entry tidal flat, and the land resources that causes land can expand utilization future reduces, and reduces the space of big coastal city future development; (2) reduce a large amount of tidal flats and culture land used, the sedimentation thing that causes the tremendous economic loss (3) of culture fishery to be taken away by current can block the fairway, and influences ship and leaves the port; (4) quicken accumulation nutrient release in the subtidal deposit thing, increase the risk of greater coasting area body eutrophication; (5) the neritic organism habitat is destroyed in the growing space of minimizing tidal flat plant, reduces the zoobenthos of getting food ground and being relied on of wetland birds.
To beach face corrode high destructive, reduce at present or prevent that the measure that the tidal flat beach face corrodes from mainly containing:
1) stone cofferdam: be to build the stone matter bulwark exceed sea level 2-2.5m in the low tide intertidal zone, reduce even cut off the souring to tidal flat such as trend, wave, thereby avoid beach face to corrode.This measure have construction costs costliness, landscape effect poor, to the destructive shortcoming such as big of the beach ecosystem in institute's cofferdam scope.
2) groynes: the stone matter building that joins and be " T " font with embankment.Can block stream and cut husky, as to consume front incidence wave energy.In order to protect the coastline of certain-length, usually need many groynes, groynes Chang Chengqun occurs, and constitutes the groynes crowd.Its shortcoming is still that construction costs is high, landscape effect is undesirable, if a large amount of in groups the use to the destructive aspect such as big of original beach ecosystem.
3) sand that fillers protects the beach: be to add on the tidal flat that is etched from the suitable silt of marine or land collection.Because the supply cycle of silt wants consistent with the speed that corrodes the silt natural wastage that causes, thereby use the coastal region that usually amount of being etched is little or erosion degree is light.Its weak point is to be only applicable to the little tidal flat zone of the light erosion amount of erosion degree, will significantly increase if be applied to its cost cost of the serious zone of erosion degree; Owing to fill burying of silt, may produce considerable influence simultaneously to original beach ecosystem.
4) single continuous plant is protected the beach pattern: normally from the low paramount height above sea level tidal flat of height above sea level tidal flat, make up single a kind of phytobiocoenose or various plants continuous, that be sheet and mix living group, to reach the purpose of consume water ability and reinforcing tidal flat beach face.Its weak point is to lack specific aim, fail rationally effectively need to combine the protection tidal flat water regime, corrode the seasonal variations rule and protect the solid bank characteristics of beach root system of plant, because of the selection and the configuration plant of beach suiting measures to different conditions.The plant bank protection pattern that causes different regions tidal flat to adopt is stereotyped, function is far from each other.
Analysis-by-synthesis in today of paying attention to the sea front ecological value, aesthetic values day by day, strolling about or have a rest and be worth, is compared with other three kinds of shore protection measures, and the plant bank protection measure will have more wide application space and promotional value undoubtedly.The present invention tightly combines alluvial type tidal flat water regime, corrodes seasonal variations rule and solid bank characteristics of protecting the beach root system of plant commonly used; Overcome in the prior art single continuous plant and protect the beach pattern, provide novelty that a kind of with strong points, solid beach is effective, construction costs is low, pay attention to the tidal flat ecological value, aesthetic values, the plants configuration method of strolling about or have a rest and being worth.The coastal region that this pattern is suitable for mud matter tidal flat such as the Yangtze River Delta and the Huanghe delta is used and is promoted, and improves the ecological benefits and the economic benefit in bank zone, shore.
Summary of the invention
The present invention reinforces the step configuration plant method of tidal flat beach face, it is characterized in that, according to the length of entry time of tidal flat beach face, divides the tidal flat gradient; The erosion condition of tidal flat beach face during according to Various Seasonal is along the tidal flat gradient configuration plant with Gu Tan that is suitable for growing.
Tidal flat beach face according to the invention is a mud matter tidal flat beach face.
The described entry time is meant the time that the tidal flat beach face is influenced by trend in the unit interval section." unit interval section " among the present invention is meant every month or per season or every year.
Plant described in the present invention is the herbaceous plant and the Qiao Ben plant of moisture-proof salt tolerant alkali.Said herbaceous plant is a reed, and said this plant of Qiao is broad-leaved plant, needle-leaved plant.Said broad-leaved plant is weeping willow, adds poplar, south of the River alder, basket oak that needle-leaved plant is pond China fir, bald cypress, metasequoia, Taxodium mucronatum, middle mountain China fir.
Among the present invention, every at a distance from 4-5, to said draft and the Qiao Ben plant of plantation, carry out the master branch and prune, move or intermediate cutting is managed.
The present invention realizes through tidal flat being divided step carry out community arrangement.Its main technical principle is: the effect of root system of plant in soil is just as the effect of reinforcing bar in concrete.Improve tidal flat beach face soil stability; Need to receive the seasonal variety rule of trend, wave effect time length and tidal flat erosion according to different elevation tidal flats; The high phytobiocoenose of option table soil layer root density targetedly; Divide step ground to carry out community arrangement, to reach the purpose of reinforcing the tidal flat beach face.
The main practical implementation step of the present invention is following:
The first step:, divide the tidal flat gradient according to entry time length
Receive factor affecting such as trend, wave, its entry time of the tidal flat of different elevations has nothing in common with each other.
Protect the different elevation sections of tidal flat to receive the length of trend influence time according to need, tidal flat is divided into a plurality of grade gradients.
Second step: confirm the seasonal variations characteristic that target tidal flat beach face corrodes
Through monitoring or consult approach such as related data for a long time on the spot, understand the seasonal variations rule that needs protection mud matter tidal flat beach face to corrode.
" the defeated autumn and winter storage of spring and summer ", " the spring and summer storage autumn and winter are defeated " are that mud matter tidal flat beach face corrodes modal seasonal variations rule." spring and summer defeated autumn and winter storage " described in the present invention be meant beach face silt spring and summer output quantity greater than siltation volume, and autumn and winter output quantity less than siltation volume, show that beach face corrodes mainly to appear at spring and summer." spring and summer storage autumn and winter defeated " described in the present invention then be silt spring and summer output quantity less than siltation volume, autumn and winter output quantity greater than siltation volume, show that beach face corrodes mainly to appear at autumn and winter.
The 3rd step: plant is selected
In the characteristics of different tidal flat gradients, select suitable moisture-proof saline according to plant with different erosion root system in season.Selectable plant comprises, herbaceous plant: reed (Phragmites australis).Tall this plant comprises broad-leaved and needle arbor.Broad-leaved arbor: weeping willow (Salix babylonica), add poplar (Populus canadensis), south of the River alder (Alnus trabeculosa), basket oak (Quercus palustris); Needle arbor: Chi Shan (Taxodium ascendens), bald cypress (Taxodium distichum), metasequoia (Metasequoia glyptostroboides), Taxodium mucronatum (Taxodium mucronatnm), middle mountain China fir (Taxodium ' zhongshansha 302 ').
The 4th step: plant is configured along the tidal flat gradient
Among the present invention,, in each gradient and the characteristics that corrode the root system in season, carry out the plant pattern configurations according to plant along dividing the tidal flat gradient.
Among the present invention; After selecting arbor-herbaceous plant configuration mode; Every at a distance from 4-5, the plantation arbor is carried out the master branch prune, move or the intermediate cutting management, fall sharply because of the excessive overstocked lower floor's tidal flat herbaceous plant quantity that causes of arbor tree crown avoiding; Reduce root quantity in the soil, thereby reduce the stability of tidal flat beach face soil.
The present invention protects measure such as beach and compares with stone cofferdam, groynes, the sand that fillers, have that cost is low, maintenance cost is low, aesthetic values and strolling about or have a rest be worth high, to advantages such as original beach ecosystem influence are few.Protect the beach pattern with existing single continuous plant and compare, more can suit measures to local conditions, have higher solid beach efficient and landscape richness, have the advantage that construction costs is low, pay attention to the tidal flat ecological value, aesthetic values, stroll about or have a rest and be worth.
The seasonal variety rule of the present invention through dividing the tidal flat gradient and combining beach face to corrode according to the solid bank characteristics of moisture-proof saline root system, to each gradient hydrology characteristic of tidal flat and erosion seasonal variations rule, divides step to carry out plants configuration along dividing the tidal flat gradient.The present invention is according to the water regime of tidal flat and the erosion condition of Various Seasonal tidal flat beach face, along tidal flat gradient configuration plant.Utilize plants configuration method of the present invention, can reinforce the tidal flat beach face effectively, and construction costs is low, take into account the tidal flat ecological value, aesthetic values, the value of strolling about or have a rest.The coastal region that this pattern is suitable for mud matter tidal flat such as the Yangtze River Delta and the Huanghe delta is used and is promoted, and improves the ecological benefits and the economic benefit in bank zone, shore.
The specific embodiment
Combine embodiment to further specify technical scheme of the present invention, but content of the present invention is not limited by following examples at present.
Embodiment one
This embodiment is in the south bank of the Yangtze River estuary south of Chongming Island tidal flats near the sluice eight Xiao trial conducted configuration.
In the present embodiment,, tidal flat is divided into the low tidal flat below the 240-270cm tide line, the middle tidal flat between 240-270cm and 300-320cm, 3 gradients of the high tidal flat between 300-320cm and 350-370cm according to tidal flat entry time length.Wherein low tidal flat is influenced by trend all every month every day, and middle tidal flat then is influenced by trend in every month about 20-25 days, and high tidal flat then is influenced by trend in every month about 15-20 days.It is " the defeated autumn and winter storage of spring and summer " that this zone tidal flat corrodes seasonal variety rule, i.e. mainly be in spring and summer generation season of beach face erosion.
According to pond China fir-reed community spring and summer the topsoil of low tidal flat have high root density, pure reed community spring and summer middle and high tidal flat topsoil have the characteristics of high root density, divide step to carry out plants configuration from the low paramount tidal flat of tidal flat.Wherein select Chi Shan-reed community for use, and middle and high tidal flat is all selected pure reed community for use at low tidal flat.In 4 years thereafter, the pond China fir has been carried out the master branch pruned and a management work that moves.
The result of this step plants configuration pattern of position monitor and single continuous willow-reed configuration mode shows; From the root density analysis; At low tidal flat; Chi Shan-reed community is respectively 6.72cm/cm3,5.77cm/cm3 at the root density of beach face topsoil in spring and summer, and willow-reed community then is respectively 3.62cm/cm3,4.09cm/cm3, and Chi Shan-reed community improves 1.9 and 1.4 times in spring and summer respectively than the long density of willow-reed forb steppe group root; At the topsoil of middle and high tidal flat, the root density of pure reed community is 9.67cm/cm3 in middle tidal flat 13.0cm/cm3 in spring, summer, is 12.22cm/cm3 in high tidal flat 10.67cm/cm3 in spring, summer.The long density of the root of willow-reed community is 7.96cm/cm3 in middle tidal flat spring, and be 5.50cm/cm3 summer, and high tidal flat spring is 6.08cm/cm3, and be 7.61cm/cm3 summer.At middle tidal flat, pure reed community has improved 1.6 and 1.8 times in spring and summer than the root density of willow-reed forb steppe group; In high tidal flat spring and summer, the former has also improved 1.8 and 1.6 times respectively than the latter.From the soil stability analysis; At low tidal flat; Chi Shan-reed community is 0.92,0.93 in the soil stabilization sex index of beach face topsoil in spring and summer; Willow-reed community then is 0.72 and 0.64, and Chi Shan-reed community has improved 1.3 and 1.5 times in spring and summer respectively than willow-reed forb steppe group; At middle and high tidal flat; The soil stabilization sex index of pure reed community topsoil is 0.95,0.94 in middle tidal flat spring and summer; In high tidal flat spring and summer is 0.95,0.96; The soil stabilization sex index of willow-reed community is 0.78,0.67 in middle tidal flat spring and summer; Be respectively 0.73,0.68 in high tidal flat spring and summer, pure reed community has improved 1.2 and 1.4 times than the soil stabilization sex index of willow-reed forb steppe group respectively in middle tidal flat spring and summer, has then improved 1.3 and 1.4 times respectively at high tidal flat.
Embodiment two
In this embodiment, Chongming Island in the Yangtze River estuary east of South Xi Xiao sluice tidal flats for trial configuration.
In the present embodiment,, also be that tidal flat is divided into the low tidal flat below the 240-270cm tide line according to tidal flat entry time length, the middle tidal flat between 240-270cm and 300-320cm, 3 gradients of the high tidal flat between 300-320cm and 350-370cm.Wherein low tidal flat is influenced by trend all every month every day, and middle tidal flat then is influenced by trend in every month about 20-25 days, and high tidal flat then is influenced by trend in every month about 15-20 days.It is " the spring and summer storage autumn and winter are defeated " that this zone tidal flat corrodes seasonal variety rule, i.e. mainly be in autumn and winter generation season of beach face erosion.
According to willow-reed community autumn and winter the topsoil of low tidal flat have high root density, Chi Shan-reed community autumn and winter middle and high tidal flat topsoil have the characteristics of high root density, divide step to carry out plants configuration from the low paramount tidal flat of tidal flat.Wherein select willow-reed community for use, and middle and high tidal flat is all selected Chi Shan-reed community for use at low tidal flat.In 4 years thereafter, willow and Chi Shan a pruning of master branch and a management work that moves have been carried out.
The result of this step plants configuration pattern of position monitor and single continuous pure reed configuration mode shows; From the root density analysis; At low tidal flat; Autumn and winter, willow-reed community was 4.46cm/cm3 at the root density of beach face topsoil, and pure reed community is 2.06cm/cm3, and the willow reed community improves 2 times than pure reed herbosa; Topsoil at middle and high tidal flat; The root density of tidal flat pond China fir-reed community is 5.77cm/cm3 in autumn and winter; High tidal flat is 4.90cm/cm3; Pure reed community is 4.15cm/cm3 in the long density of middle tidal flat root, is 3.73cm/cm3 at high tidal flat, and Chi Shan-reed community has improved 1.4 and 1.3 times at middle tidal flat and high tidal flat respectively than the root density of pure reed herbosa.From the soil stability analysis, at low tidal flat, willow-reed community is 0.65 in the soil stabilization sex index of beach face topsoil, and pure reed community is 0.49, has improved 1.3 times than pure reed herbosa; At middle and high tidal flat; The soil stabilization sex index of Chi Shan-reed community topsoil is 0.67 at middle tidal flat; High tidal flat is 0.87; Pure reed community is 0.57 at middle tidal flat, and high tidal flat then is 0.68, and Chi Shan-reed community has improved 1.2 and 1.3 times than the soil stabilization sex index of pure reed herbosa respectively at middle tidal flat and high tidal flat.
Claims (7)
1. a step configuration plant method of reinforcing the tidal flat beach face is characterized in that, according to the length of entry time of tidal flat beach face, divides the tidal flat gradient; The erosion condition of tidal flat beach face during according to Various Seasonal is along the tidal flat gradient configuration plant with Gu Tan that is suitable for growing.
2. the step configuration plant method of reinforcing tidal flat beach face as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the said entry time is meant the time that tidal flat is influenced by trend in the unit interval section.
3. the step configuration plant method of reinforcing tidal flat beach face as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that said plant is the herbaceous plant and the Qiao Ben plant of moisture-proof salt tolerant alkali.
4. the step configuration plant method of reinforcing tidal flat beach face as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that said herbaceous plant is a reed, and said this plant of Qiao is broad-leaved plant, needle-leaved plant.
5. the step of reinforcing tidal flat beach face as claimed in claim 4 configuration plant method is characterized in that, said broad-leaved plant is weeping willow, add poplar, south of the River alder, basket oak; Said needle-leaved plant is pond China fir, bald cypress, metasequoia, Taxodium mucronatum, middle mountain China fir.
6. according to the step of the said reinforcing mud of claim 4 matter tidal flat configuration plant method, it is characterized in that, every to said draft and Qiao Ben plant at a distance from 4-5, carry out the master branch and prune, move or intermediate cutting is managed.
7. the step configuration plant method of reinforcing tidal flat beach face as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that said tidal flat beach face is a mud matter tidal flat beach face.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105926533A (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2016-09-07 | 长江航道规划设计研究院 | Implanting type ecological beach fixing method |
| CN108370881A (en) * | 2016-11-23 | 2018-08-07 | 雷学军 | The method that herbaceous plant copes with Global climate change |
| CN115281120A (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2022-11-04 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Method for restoring habitat of fishery in tidal flat of Yangtze river estuary |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105926533A (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2016-09-07 | 长江航道规划设计研究院 | Implanting type ecological beach fixing method |
| CN105926533B (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2019-01-01 | 长江航道规划设计研究院 | A kind of embedded type ecology consolidates beach method |
| CN108370881A (en) * | 2016-11-23 | 2018-08-07 | 雷学军 | The method that herbaceous plant copes with Global climate change |
| CN115281120A (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2022-11-04 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Method for restoring habitat of fishery in tidal flat of Yangtze river estuary |
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