CN102335812A - Manufacturing method for piston of reciprocating compressor - Google Patents
Manufacturing method for piston of reciprocating compressor Download PDFInfo
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- CN102335812A CN102335812A CN2010102319047A CN201010231904A CN102335812A CN 102335812 A CN102335812 A CN 102335812A CN 2010102319047 A CN2010102319047 A CN 2010102319047A CN 201010231904 A CN201010231904 A CN 201010231904A CN 102335812 A CN102335812 A CN 102335812A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a manufacturing method for a piston of a reciprocating compressor. The manufacturing method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: A, finishing high-accuracy cutting and flat upsetting of a blank at one time by using a multi-station cold upsetting machine; B, guaranteeing plasticity and certain metal fluidity of the upset material by using a spheroidizing annealing method; C, removing metal oxide skin on the surface of the blank by using impeller blasting, and performing phosphorization and saponification on the surface of the blank as process preparation before cold extrusion by adopting an automatic phosphorization and saponification process; and D, performing backward extrusion forming on the phosphorized and saponified blank in one step through cold extrusion equipment, and guaranteeing the accuracy of formed shape and axial dimensional accuracy of a part; E, carrying out the piston processing on the blank; and F, nitriding the piston. The piston manufactured by the manufacturing method can meet the requirements of complex piston shapes, high accuracy and high processing difficulty. The method has the advantages of high production efficiency, long mould life and capabilities of increasing material utilization rate and reducing cost.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to compressor field, be specifically related to a kind of preparation method of reciprocating compressor piston.
Background technology:
Reciprocating compressor was used for refrigerator refrigeration existing more than 100 year, because reasons in structure efficient is low, Energy Efficiency Ratio is in 0.9～1.1 low level for a long time, 1.25～1.36 much lower than rotary freezer compressor.Up in recent years, at exhaust outlet structure, piston structure huge improvement has been arranged, Energy Efficiency Ratio is increased fast, the highest surpasses 1.6, and the rotary type refrigerator compressor is thrown behind out and away, occupy the status of clear ahead in the freezer compressor industry.
The freezer compressor piston links to each other with connecting rod through piston pin for a long time, complex structure, and the inhomogeneities of the quality in key seat cross section increases the leakage rate of compressor, causes the compressor Energy Efficiency Ratio to reduce.
New piston adopts spherical the connection with connecting rod, and the quality in key seat cross section is even, has reduced the leakage rate of compressor, and efficient is improved.But this reciprocating compressor is piston-shaped special, complicated, adopts machining process but efficient is very low in the past.
Summary of the invention:
The preparation method that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of reciprocating compressor piston can satisfy the needs that piston-shaped complicacy, precision are high, difficulty of processing is big.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is characterized in that this preparation method may further comprise the steps:
A, employing multistation Cold header are once accomplished the high accuracy cut-out of blank and are upset flat;
B, employing spheroidizing method are guaranteed the plasticity of the flat back of pier material and certain metal flow property;
C, employing ball blast are removed the burning skin of blank surface, and adopt automatic phospholeum metallization processes, carry out phosphatization and saponification in blank surface, as the technological preparation before the cold-extruded;
D, employing cold extrusion equipment carry out the backward extrusion once-forming to the blank through phospholeumization, guarantee the precision of forming shape and the axial dimension precision of part;
E, blank is carried out piston processing.
F, piston is adopted nitrogen treatment.
In the step e, the technological process of corase grind cylindrical-car bottom surface-skirt portion and ball seat part-correct grinding cylindrical-correct grinding bottom surface is adopted in piston processing.
The present invention is directed to piston-shaped complicacy, precision height; Difficulty of processing is big, and for enhancing productivity with stock utilization, reducing cost, has taked the process of a series of novelties; Make its produced piston can satisfy piston-shaped complicacy, precision height, the requirement that difficulty of processing is big.The invention has the advantages that production efficiency is high, die life is long, can improve stock utilization, reduce cost.
Description of drawings:
The reciprocating compressor structure of piston sketch map that Fig. 1 makes for the present invention
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of mill bottom surface anchor clamps
Fig. 3 is the side view of Fig. 2
The specific embodiment:
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is done further description.
A kind of preparation method of reciprocating compressor piston is characterized in that this preparation method may further comprise the steps:
A, employing high speed multistation Cold header are accomplished the cut-out of blank and are upset flat.The blank of selecting is as required put into the multistation Cold header, utilizes equipment multistation and characteristics at a high speed, carries out sizing cut-out and pier and puts down, and can avoid carrying out intermediate annealing because of flow harden appears in material.(pier of the Cold header speed of pressing can reach 40～60 times/minute)
The blank that B, process pier are pressed is put into the conventional shaft furnace that adopts nitrogen protection, keeps 720～750 ℃ temperature, is incubated 4～6 hours and carries out spheroidizing, makes blank when cold extrusion, enough metal flow property can be arranged.
C, employing ball blast are removed the burning skin of blank surface; And according to the material of blank and the needs of backward extrusion technology; Adopt degreasing-hot water wash (40-50 ℃) ,-the phospholeum metallization processes flow process of pickling (40-50 ℃)-washing-neutralization (60-70 ℃)-phosphatization (80-90 ℃)-hot water wash (60-70 ℃)-saponification (80-90 ℃)-hot water wash (80-90 ℃), as the technological preparation before the cold-extruded.
Because the quality of surperficial phospholeumization has a strong impact on the life-span of cold extrusion die, and temperature, time, total acidity value and free acidity value during phospholeum are very big to result's influence of chemical combination.Be quality and the phosphating coat thickness of guaranteeing phospholeumization, must strict control.This patent product carries out by predefined beat and temperature on the phospholeum automatic assembly line of special use automatically, for the quality that makes phospholeumization more stable.And the total acidity value and the free acidity value of regulation secondary every day mensuration phosphorus saponification liquor, and the adjustment in time that notes abnormalities.
General Acidity in Phosphating Solution pH-value determination pH: get the conical flask that 10ml phosphatization liquid is put into 300ml; Adding phenolphthalein indicator (1%) 4-5 drips; Shake up; Standard solution of sodium hydroxide with 0.1N concentration carries out titration, and till solution transferred pink to, the milliliter number of the standard solution of sodium hydroxide of the 0.1N concentration that is consumed was the total acidity value of this phosphating solution.Usually require to be controlled between 45～55.
Phosphatization liquid free acidity is measured: get the conical flask that 10ml phosphatization liquid is put into 300ml; Add 50ml distilled water; Methylate orange indicator (0.1%) 2-3 drips; Standard solution of sodium hydroxide with 0.1N concentration carries out titration, be titrated to by redness transfer to orange-yellow till, the milliliter number of the standard solution of sodium hydroxide of the 0.1N concentration that is consumed is the free acidity of this phosphatization liquid.Usually be controlled between 6～10.
If acid than (total acidity ÷ free acidity) less than 7, can add phosphatization liquid RX-81A and adjust, if acid than (total acidity ÷ free acidity) greater than 10, can add phosphatization liquid RX-81B and adjust, must chemically examine once more after the adjustment, and carry out record, till qualified.
D, employing cold extrusion equipment will pass through the piston blank of phospholeumization, adopt craft or automatics, put into cold extrusion die, to the backward extrusion once-forming that blank carries out, guarantee the precision of forming shape and the axial dimension precision of part.
Be extruded strong friction of generation between material and the mould and powerful tension force during cold extrusion, require very high the intensity and the wearability of mould.For guaranteeing mould strength, wearability and reducing cost; This patent die adopts the mould of multi-layer compound structure; Core layer employing high-quality mold materials that contacts with workpiece such as YXR3, DT, GM etc., the wearability of increase mould, all the other each layers all adopt general mold materials such as 40Cr etc.Every interlayer adopts the interference fit of big surplus to connect, and so not only makes mould under the prerequisite of proof strength and wearability, can reduce cost significantly; And after the employing prestressed structure, make mould can bear bigger extrusion stress.
E, piston fine finishining: be provided with in this piston 9 indent, high accuracy hemispherical ball seat face 10, this ball seat has high axiality requirement to foreign round.Therefore, the technological process of corase grind cylindrical-car bottom surface-skirt portion and ball seat part-correct grinding cylindrical-correct grinding bottom surface is adopted in piston processing.Wherein, during the correct grinding bottom surface, adopt mill bottom surface anchor clamps (see figure 2), piston is installed and grinding.As shown in Figure 3, mill bottom surface anchor clamps comprise base plate 7, and base plate 7 middle parts are provided with V-block 3; The side of V-block 3 is provided with v-depression, is provided with reference column 8 in the middle of the v-depression of V-block, and reference column 8 tops are provided with locking ball 2; Reference column 8 upper ends are provided with fixed cover 1, can prevent that locking ball from rolling out.Be connected the bolt 5 outer springs 6 that are with between V-block 3 and the pressing plate 4 through bolt 5.The bottom hemispherical ball seat face of this piston 9 is fixed on the locking ball 2, and the sidewall of piston inserts between locking ball 2 and the V-block 3, tights a bolt 5, makes to utilize pressing plate 4 and V-block 3 to accomplish installing and locating by pressing plate 4 clamping pistons.In this embodiment; Utilize enough gaps of leaving between φ 11.11 locking balls and the fixed cover of internal diameter for φ 10; When guaranteeing that piston is located on V-block; Locking ball still remains on the piston base center, bottom so guaranteeing to reach under to foreign round the prerequisite of beating less than 0.025mm, and the thickness and precision (± 0.01) bottom reaching.Other technological process of piston processing is prior art, repeats no more at this.
F, adopt nitrogen treatment to strengthen to piston, the piston after machining is handled with salt-bath nitriding or gas nitriding method, the compound layer thickness of the hemispherical ball seat face of indent is reached more than 16 microns, more than the hardness 500HV0.2 of outside piston.
The present invention has following advantage:
1) adopt the multistation Cold header, the high accuracy of completion blank is cut off and rammer is put down, and has substituted the backward technology that must anneal and upset and put down again after original punch press blanking, also makes to operate and realizes automation, 2～3 times of efficient raisings.
2) adopt rationally and the annealing process and the phospholeum metallization processes of standard, the life-span that makes mould is increased to tens thousand of by original several thousand.
3) owing to adopt cold-extrusion technology to make this piston, make the positions such as Internal Spherical Surface of original employing cut, adopt the backward extrusion one-shot forming.Make production efficiency improve 8～10 times.And stock utilization is brought up to more than 94% by original about 45%.
4) adopt multi-layer combined mould, core adopts high-grade mold materials, and other adopt general mold materials; Die cost has been reduced more than 50%; And owing to adopt multi-layer compound structure, the intensity of mould also is improved, and enables to adopt bigger pressure to push; Increased the flowability of material, made the complicated shape also can extrusion modling.
5) adopt as the piston mill bottom surface anchor clamps of Fig. 2, when making grinding, before guaranteeing to guarantee the gauge of bottom under the prerequisite of bottom surface and the perpendicularity of cylindrical, piston is assembled, needn't carry out the grouping of bottom size and assemble, simplified assembly technology.
6) through behind the nitrogen treatment, the service life that can improve piston greatly.
Claims (8)
1. the preparation method of a reciprocating compressor piston is characterized in that being provided with in this piston the hemispherical ball seat face of indent, and this preparation method may further comprise the steps:
A, employing multistation Cold header are once accomplished the high accuracy cut-out of blank and are upset flat;
B, employing spheroidizing method are guaranteed the plasticity of the flat back of pier material and certain metal flow property;
C, employing ball blast are removed the burning skin of blank surface, and adopt automatic phospholeum metallization processes, carry out phosphatization and saponification in blank surface, as the technological preparation before the cold-extruded;
D, employing cold extrusion equipment carry out the backward extrusion once-forming to the blank through phospholeumization, guarantee the precision of forming shape and the axial dimension precision of part;
E, blank is carried out piston processing;
F, piston is adopted nitrogen treatment.
2. the described preparation method of claim 1; It is characterized in that in step C, adopt degreasing-hot water wash (40-50 ℃) ,-the automatic phospholeum metallization processes flow process of pickling (40-50 ℃)-washing-neutralization (60-70 ℃)-phosphatization (80-90 ℃)-hot water wash (60-70 ℃)-saponification (80-90 ℃)-hot water wash (80-90 ℃).
3. the described preparation method of claim 2 is characterized in that in step C every day, secondary was measured total acidity value and the free acidity value of phosphorus saponification liquor, notes abnormalities and in time adjusts.
4. the described preparation method of claim 3; It is characterized in that the General Acidity in Phosphating Solution values determination method is: get the conical flask that 10ml phosphatization liquid is put into 300ml, add phenolphthalein indicator (1%) 4-5 and drip, shake up; Standard solution of sodium hydroxide with 0.1N concentration carries out titration; Till solution transferred pink to, the milliliter number of the standard solution of sodium hydroxide of the 0.1N concentration that is consumed was the total acidity value of this phosphating solution, and the total acidity value of phosphating solution is controlled between 45～55;
Phosphatization liquid free acidity assay method is: get the conical flask that 10ml phosphatization liquid is put into 300ml; Add 50ml distilled water; Methylate orange indicator (0.1%) 2-3 drips, and carries out titration with the standard solution of sodium hydroxide of 0.1N concentration, be titrated to by redness transfer to orange-yellow till; The milliliter number of the standard solution of sodium hydroxide of the 0.1N concentration that is consumed is the free acidity of this phosphatization liquid, and the free acidity of this phosphatization liquid is controlled between 6～10;
If acid, is added phosphatization liquid RX-81A and is adjusted less than 7 than (total acidity ÷ free acidity), if acid than (total acidity ÷ free acidity) greater than 10, add phosphatization liquid RX-81B and adjust, must chemically examine once more after the adjustment, and carry out record, till qualified.
5. the described preparation method of claim 1; It is characterized in that cold extrusion die adopts multi-layer combined mould among the step D: core layer employing high-quality mold materials that contacts with workpiece such as YXR3, DT, GM etc.; Increase the wearability of mould; All the other each layers all adopt general mold materials such as 40Cr, and every interlayer adopts the interference fit of big surplus to connect.
6. the described preparation method of claim 1 is characterized in that in the step e, and the technological process of corase grind cylindrical-car bottom surface-skirt portion and ball seat part-correct grinding cylindrical-correct grinding bottom surface is adopted in piston processing.
7. the described preparation method of claim 6 when it is characterized in that finish grinding the bottom surface, adopts mill bottom surface anchor clamps that piston is installed, and mill bottom surface anchor clamps comprise base plate; The base plate middle part is provided with V-block, is provided with reference column in the middle of the V-block, and the reference column top is provided with locking ball, and the reference column top is provided with fixed cover; Be connected through bolt between V-block and the pressing plate, bolt is with spring outward, and the bottom hemispherical ball seat face of this piston is placed on the locking ball; The sidewall of piston inserts between locking ball and the V-block, tights a bolt, and makes the pressing plate clamping piston; Utilize pressing plate and V-block to accomplish installing and locating, after installing and locating is accomplished, the correct grinding bottom surface.
8. the described preparation method of claim 7; It is characterized in that adopting nitrogen treatment to strengthen to piston; Piston after machining is handled with salt-bath nitriding or gas nitriding method; The compound layer thickness of the hemispherical ball seat face of indent is reached more than 17 microns, more than the hardness 500HV0.2 of outside piston.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201010231904.7A CN102335812B (en) | 2010-07-20 | 2010-07-20 | A kind of manufacture method of piston of reciprocating compressor |
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| CN201010231904.7A CN102335812B (en) | 2010-07-20 | 2010-07-20 | A kind of manufacture method of piston of reciprocating compressor |
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| CN102335812B CN102335812B (en) | 2016-08-03 |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102699631A (en) * | 2012-06-05 | 2012-10-03 | 厦门大学 | Processing method for wedge block of wedge block-type overrunning clutch |
| CN102814442A (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2012-12-12 | 桐乡市隆盛精密机械有限公司 | Manufacture method of piston barrel blank of high-silicon aluminum alloy hollow piston |
| CN102896262A (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2013-01-30 | 桐乡市隆盛精密机械有限公司 | Machining method of piston seat blank of high-silicon aluminum alloy piston |
| CN103042364A (en) * | 2012-12-24 | 2013-04-17 | 桐乡市易锋机械厂 | Automobile air-conditioning compressor piston production method |
| CN103212943A (en) * | 2012-12-24 | 2013-07-24 | 桐乡市易锋机械厂 | Production method of automobile air conditioner compressor eccentric wheel |
| CN106984949A (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2017-07-28 | 浙江美亚特精密机械有限公司 | A kind of manufacturing process of cleaning machine piston |
| CN108723726A (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2018-11-02 | 华意压缩机股份有限公司 | A kind of piston and its processing technology |
| CN108994540A (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2018-12-14 | 苏州辉昌汽车部件有限公司 | Brake caliper piston and its processing method after a kind of |
| CN109317937A (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-02-12 | 合肥工业大学 | A kind of improved aluminum piston processing method |
| CN115921572A (en) * | 2023-01-05 | 2023-04-07 | 凯明(常州)新材料科技有限公司 | Non-cutting precision forming method for special-shaped roller steel strip |
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| CN102699631B (en) * | 2012-06-05 | 2014-12-24 | 厦门大学 | Processing method for wedge block of wedge block-type overrunning clutch |
| CN102699631A (en) * | 2012-06-05 | 2012-10-03 | 厦门大学 | Processing method for wedge block of wedge block-type overrunning clutch |
| CN102896262B (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2016-04-06 | 桐乡市隆盛精密机械有限公司 | The processing method of the piston seat blank of high-silicon piston |
| CN102896262A (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2013-01-30 | 桐乡市隆盛精密机械有限公司 | Machining method of piston seat blank of high-silicon aluminum alloy piston |
| CN102814442B (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2015-04-15 | 桐乡市隆盛精密机械有限公司 | Manufacture method of piston barrel blank of high-silicon aluminum alloy hollow piston |
| CN102814442A (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2012-12-12 | 桐乡市隆盛精密机械有限公司 | Manufacture method of piston barrel blank of high-silicon aluminum alloy hollow piston |
| CN103042364A (en) * | 2012-12-24 | 2013-04-17 | 桐乡市易锋机械厂 | Automobile air-conditioning compressor piston production method |
| CN103212943A (en) * | 2012-12-24 | 2013-07-24 | 桐乡市易锋机械厂 | Production method of automobile air conditioner compressor eccentric wheel |
| CN103042364B (en) * | 2012-12-24 | 2015-11-18 | 浙江易锋机械有限公司 | The production method of automobile air conditioner compressor piston |
| CN103212943B (en) * | 2012-12-24 | 2016-01-20 | 浙江易锋机械有限公司 | The eccentric production method of automobile air conditioner compressor |
| CN106984949A (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2017-07-28 | 浙江美亚特精密机械有限公司 | A kind of manufacturing process of cleaning machine piston |
| CN108723726A (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2018-11-02 | 华意压缩机股份有限公司 | A kind of piston and its processing technology |
| CN108994540A (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2018-12-14 | 苏州辉昌汽车部件有限公司 | Brake caliper piston and its processing method after a kind of |
| CN109317937A (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-02-12 | 合肥工业大学 | A kind of improved aluminum piston processing method |
| CN115921572A (en) * | 2023-01-05 | 2023-04-07 | 凯明(常州)新材料科技有限公司 | Non-cutting precision forming method for special-shaped roller steel strip |
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