CN102335793A - 不锈钢与氧化铝陶瓷的连接方法及制得的连接件 - Google Patents

不锈钢与氧化铝陶瓷的连接方法及制得的连接件 Download PDF

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CN102335793A
CN102335793A CN2010102339197A CN201010233919A CN102335793A CN 102335793 A CN102335793 A CN 102335793A CN 2010102339197 A CN2010102339197 A CN 2010102339197A CN 201010233919 A CN201010233919 A CN 201010233919A CN 102335793 A CN102335793 A CN 102335793A
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stainless steel
aluminium oxide
oxide ceramics
transition zone
nickel
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CN102335793B (zh
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张新倍
陈文荣
蒋焕梧
陈正士
胡文峰
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Taizhou Haitong Asset Management Co Ltd
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Hongfujin Precision Industry Shenzhen Co Ltd
Hon Hai Precision Industry Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种不锈钢与氧化铝陶瓷的连接方法，该方法主要采用放电等离子体烧结设备对不锈钢、氧化铝陶瓷及镍箔活性中间层进行施加脉冲电流而进行放电等离子体连接，放电等离子体连接的工艺参数为：轴向压力为10～50MPa，升温速率为50～600℃/min，连接温度为800～1100℃，保温时间为10～50分钟，真空腔内的真空度为6～10Pa。本发明还提供一种上述连接方法制得的不锈钢与氧化铝陶瓷的连接件。

Description

不锈钢与氧化铝陶瓷的连接方法及制得的连接件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种金属与陶瓷的连接方法及制得的连接件，尤其涉及一种不锈钢与氧化铝陶瓷的连接方法及制得的连接件。
背景技术
不锈钢在常温下具有较好的耐腐蚀性能，被广泛应用于制造各种工程结构和机械零件。然而，当在高温、腐蚀性等较为恶劣的环境下使用时，不锈钢的耐腐蚀性、耐磨性、抗冲蚀性、耐高温性能等已经很难满足现代生产技术的进一步需求。而氧化铝陶瓷具有硬度高、高温抗腐蚀、耐磨损、抗冲蚀等优点，因此，不锈钢和氧化铝连接在一起制备成复合结构，对于不锈钢在恶劣环境中应用具有非常重要的意义。
由于这两种材料的物理、化学性能差异较大，使得两者之间的连接非常困难，目前主要采用熔焊、钎焊、固相扩散连接及瞬间液相连接来实现陶瓷与金属的连接。但这些方法存在许多不足：难于制得高结合强度的接头；对金属件表面的清洁度及设备真空度要求很高；固相扩散连接及瞬间液相连接温度要求较高，保温时间长，导致两者间的连接耗时、耗能；熔焊容易产生裂纹；钎焊虽然连接温度较低，但由于钎料的熔点普遍较低，因此难于钎焊制得能在高温下使用的接头。
发明内容
有鉴于此，有必要提供一种加工时间短、可获得较高结合强度的不锈钢与氧化铝陶瓷的连接方法。
另外，还有必要提供一种由上述连接方法制得的连接件。
一种不锈钢与氧化铝陶瓷的连接方法，包括以下步骤：
提供一待连接的不锈钢、一氧化铝陶瓷及一镍箔；
对该镍箔、不锈钢及氧化铝陶瓷的待连接表面进行打磨、清洗并吹干；
提供一石墨模具，该模具包括上压头、下压头及中模；
将该镍箔、不锈钢及氧化铝陶瓷放入石墨模具中，使镍箔夹放在不锈钢与氧化铝陶瓷之间，并且用所述上、下压头压紧；
将该石墨模具放入一放电等离子体烧结设备的炉膛中，开启直流脉冲电源，以对不锈钢及氧化铝陶瓷施加脉冲电流而进行放电等离子体连接，设置工艺参数为：轴向压力为20～60MPa，升温速率为50～300℃/min，连接温度为950～1150℃，保温时间为20～40分钟，炉膛内的真空度为6～10Pa；
待冷却后取出不锈钢与氧化铝陶瓷的连接件。
一种不锈钢与氧化铝陶瓷的连接件，该不锈钢与氧化铝陶瓷的连接件包括一不锈钢件、一氧化铝陶瓷件及连接该不锈钢件与该氧化铝陶瓷件的连接部，该连接部包括一第一过渡层、一镍金属层及一第二过渡层，该第一过渡层位于该不锈钢件与该镍金属层之间，该第一过渡层主要由镍与铁的固熔体及镍铁金属间化合物组成，该第二过渡层位于该氧化铝陶瓷件与该镍金属层之间，该第二过渡层主要由镍氧化合物及镍铝化合物组成。
相较于现有技术，上述不锈钢与氧化铝陶瓷的连接方法通过采用一放电等离子体烧结设备(或者称脉冲电流加热设备)对不锈钢件与氧化铝陶瓷件施加脉冲电流及压力来实现不锈钢与氧化铝陶瓷的连接，保温时间短，能耗低，对设备真空度要求较低。由该方法制得的不锈钢与氧化铝陶瓷的连接件具有较大的剪切强度。
附图说明
图1为本发明较佳实施例使用一放电等离子体烧结设备进行不锈钢与氧化铝陶瓷连接的示意图。
图2为本发明较佳实施例的不锈钢与氧化铝陶瓷的连接件的剖面示意图。
主要元件符号说明
放电等离子体烧结设备            10
轴向压力系统                    11
正、负电极                      12
炉膛                            13
直流脉冲电源                    14
控制系统                        15
不锈钢件                        20
氧化铝陶瓷件                    30
镍箔                            40
石墨模具                        50
上压头                          51
下压头                          52
中模                            53
不锈钢与氧化铝陶瓷的连接件      100
连接部                          60
第一过渡层                      61
镍金属层                        62
第二过渡层                      63
具体实施方式
请参阅图1，本发明较佳实施例的不锈钢与氧化铝陶瓷的连接方法主要通过采用一放电等离子体烧结设备10来完成，该方法主要包括如下步骤：
(1)提供一待连接的不锈钢件20、一氧化铝陶瓷件30及一镍箔40作为连接介质。该镍箔的厚度大约为0.1～0.4mm，其较佳厚度为0.2～0.3mm。
(2)对镍箔40及不锈钢件20和氧化铝陶瓷件30的待连接表面进行打磨和清洗，并吹干。本实施例中可以使用400～800目的金相砂纸对活性中间层40、不锈钢件20及氧化铝陶瓷件30打磨，以初步去除表面氧化膜；然后用稀盐酸或稀硫酸溶液进行清洗；酸清洗后用水冲洗并吹干。以下将镍箔40、不锈钢件20及氧化铝陶瓷件30统称为工件。
(3)提供一石墨模具50，该石墨模具50包括上压头51、下压头52及中模53，该中模53具有一模腔(图未示)，用于容置待连接工件。
(4)将工件放入石墨模具50中，使镍箔40夹放在不锈钢件20与氧化铝陶瓷件30之间，并且用上压头51和下压头52压紧。
(5)提供一放电等离子体烧结设备10，比如可采用日本住友石炭公司生产的SPS3.20MK-IV型放电等离子烧结设备。该放电等离子体烧结设备10主要包括：轴向压力系统11，用于对烧结工件提供轴向压力；正、负电极12；炉膛13；直流脉冲电源14，用于对烧结工件提供脉冲电流，使工件升温；温度测量单元(图未示)及控制系统15等。该直流脉冲电源脉宽比为12∶2，最大电流可达5000A。
(6)将石墨模具50放入该放电等离子体烧结设备10的炉膛13中，并且用上压头51和下压头52分别与放电等离子体烧结设备10的正、负电极12对准连接，炉膛13抽真空至真空度为6～10Pa，开启直流脉冲电源14，设置如下工艺参数对工件进行放电等离子体连接：轴向压力为20～60MPa，升温速率为50～300℃/min；当温度为950～1150℃时，保持该温度范围约20～40分钟时长，该温度即为连接温度，此时对应施加的直流脉冲电流强度大约为3000～4000A。所述轴向压力较佳为30～50MPa，升温速率较佳为60～200℃/min，连接温度较佳为1000～1100℃，保温时间较佳为25～35分钟。
(7)待冷却后取出不锈钢与氧化铝陶瓷的连接件。
上述不锈钢与氧化铝陶瓷的连接方法采用一放电等离子体烧结设备10(或者称脉冲电流加热设备)，在该放电等离子体烧结设备10的脉冲电流作用下，在不锈钢件20与氧化铝陶瓷件30的接触缝隙之间放电产生高热等离子体，该等离子体清洁并活化工件的表面，提高工件表面的原子扩散能力。
在受脉冲电流作用下，不锈钢件20、氧化铝陶瓷件30及镍箔40产生自发热及局部放电热，连接介质镍箔40软化后释放出Ni原子，Ni原子迅速扩散到不锈钢件20和氧化铝陶瓷件30表面，并与不锈钢件20和氧化铝陶瓷件30发生一物理、化学反应，比如Ni原子会与氧化铝陶瓷件30中的氧结合形成镍氧化合物，同时会与铝形成镍铝化合物，还会与氧化铝陶瓷件30反应形成固溶体等，由此在不锈钢/氧化铝陶瓷界面形成新的物相结构，该新的物相结构可缓解氧化铝陶瓷/不锈钢界面的内应力，有利于促进氧化铝陶瓷/不锈钢界面的扩散结合，加之在轴向压力作用下，工件间接触面积不断增大，最终达到紧密接触而连接在一起。
上述不锈钢与氧化铝陶瓷的连接方法保温时间短，能耗低，对炉膛真空度要求较低。
图2所示为由上述连接方法制得的不锈钢与氧化铝陶瓷的连接件100，包括该不锈钢件20、该氧化铝陶瓷件30及连接该不锈钢件20与该氧化铝陶瓷件30的连接部60。该连接部60包括一第一过渡层61、一镍金属层62及一第二过渡层63。该第一过渡层61位于该不锈钢件20与该镍金属层62之间，该第一过渡层61主要由镍与铁的固熔体、镍铁金属间化合物及少量的镍铬金属间化合物组成。该第二过渡层63位于该氧化铝陶瓷件30与该镍金属层62之间，该第二过渡层63主要由镍氧化合物、镍铝化合物及极少量的镍铝固熔体组成。该第一过渡层61及第二过渡层63的厚度大约均为5～30μm，较佳地为10～20μm。
该不锈钢与氧化铝陶瓷的连接件100的连接部60致密均匀，无裂缝，无孔隙。经检测，该不锈钢与氧化铝陶瓷的连接件100的不锈钢/氧化铝陶瓷界面的剪切强度可达80～150MPa。

Claims (12)

1.一种不锈钢与氧化铝陶瓷的连接方法，包括以下步骤：
提供一待连接的不锈钢、一氧化铝陶瓷及一镍箔；
对该镍箔、不锈钢及氧化铝陶瓷的待连接表面进行打磨、清洗并吹干；
提供一石墨模具，该模具包括上压头、下压头及中模；
将该镍箔、不锈钢及氧化铝陶瓷放入石墨模具中，使镍箔夹放在不锈钢与氧化铝陶瓷之间，并且用所述上、下压头压紧；
将该石墨模具放入一放电等离子体烧结设备的炉膛中，开启直流脉冲电源，以对不锈钢及氧化铝陶瓷施加脉冲电流而进行放电等离子体连接，设置工艺参数为：轴向压力为20～60MPa，升温速率为50～300℃/min，连接温度为950～1150℃，保温时间为20～40分钟，炉膛内的真空度为6～10Pa；
待冷却后取出不锈钢与氧化铝陶瓷的连接件。
2.如权利要求1所述的不锈钢与氧化铝陶瓷的连接方法，其特征在于：所述轴向压力为30～50MPa。
3.如权利要求1所述的不锈钢与氧化铝陶瓷的连接方法，其特征在于：所述升温速率为60～200℃/min。
4.如权利要求1所述的不锈钢与氧化铝陶瓷的连接方法，其特征在于：所述连接温度为1000～1100℃，保温时间为25～35分钟。
5.如权利要求1所述的不锈钢与氧化铝陶瓷的连接方法，其特征在于：所述镍箔的厚度为0.1～0.4mm。
6.如权利要求1所述的不锈钢与氧化铝陶瓷的连接方法，其特征在于：该放电等离子体烧结设备包括有正、负电极，所述上压头和下压头分别与该正、负电极对准连接。
7.一种不锈钢与氧化铝陶瓷的连接件，其特征在于：该不锈钢与氧化铝陶瓷的连接件包括一不锈钢件、一氧化铝陶瓷件及连接该不锈钢件与该氧化铝陶瓷件的连接部，该连接部包括一第一过渡层、一镍金属层及一第二过渡层，该第一过渡层位于该不锈钢件与该镍金属层之间，该第一过渡层主要由镍与铁的固熔体及镍铁金属间化合物组成，该第二过渡层位于该氧化铝陶瓷件与该镍金属层之间，该第二过渡层主要由镍氧化合物及镍铝化合物组成。
8.如权利要求7所述的不锈钢与氧化铝陶瓷的连接件，其特征在于：该第一过渡层还包含有镍铬金属间化合物。
9.如权利要求7所述的不锈钢与氧化铝陶瓷的连接件，其特征在于：该第二过渡层还包含有镍铝固熔体。
10.如权利要求7所述的不锈钢与氧化铝陶瓷的连接件，其特征在于：该第一过渡层和第二过渡层的厚度均为5～30μm。
11.如权利要求10所述的不锈钢与氧化铝陶瓷的连接件，其特征在于：该第一过渡层和第二过渡层的厚度均为10～20μm。
12.如权利要求7所述的不锈钢与氧化铝陶瓷的连接件，其特征在于：该不锈钢与氧化铝陶瓷的连接件的不锈钢/氧化铝陶瓷界面的剪切强度为80～150MPa。
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