CN102328066A - Vacuum-positive pressure smelting and solidifying equipment - Google Patents
Vacuum-positive pressure smelting and solidifying equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN102328066A CN102328066A CN201110255806A CN201110255806A CN102328066A CN 102328066 A CN102328066 A CN 102328066A CN 201110255806 A CN201110255806 A CN 201110255806A CN 201110255806 A CN201110255806 A CN 201110255806A CN 102328066 A CN102328066 A CN 102328066A
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- directional solidification
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Abstract
The invention relates to equipment for manufacturing porous metal and alloy equipment with a vertical bottom surface porous structure by adopting a smelting and bottom-oriented solidification process under vacuum and high-pressure atmospheres. According to the invention, a smelting crucible and an oriented solidifying casting mould are the same device, the lateral wall of the device has conical degree, an insulated ceramic coating is coated inside the device, or a heat-insulation ceramic sleeve is lined in the device in a close fit way, and the device and a water-cooled induction coil wound on the periphery of the device are separated by a puddling material; and a water-cooled crystallizer is arranged below the smelting crucible and has an automatic lifting function. During smelting, the water-cooled crystallizer is far away from the smelting crucible, namely the oriented solidification casting mould; and during solidifying, the surface of the water-cooled crystallizer and the bottom surface of the smelting crucible, namely the oriented solidification casting mold are closely jointed. The water flow velocity in the water-cooled crystallizer is controlled through pressure; after the oriented solidification is finished, the equipment can obliquely rotate for 120DEG through an external tilting mechanism, and a porous metal ingot is taken out. The vacuum-positive pressure smelting and solidifying equipment can be used for producing porous metal materials used for fields of aircraft industry, electronics, medicines and biochemical and metallurgical machinery, petroleum chemical engineering, energy environment protection, national defense and war industry, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the vacuum-positive pressure smelting apparatus for directional solidification, be specially and a kind ofly under vacuum and high-pressure atmosphere, adopt melting, the preparation of bottom directional solidification processes to have the porous metals of vertical bottom face pore structure and the equipment of alloy.
Background technology
Porous metal material is one type of metal material with obvious pore character; Have excellent physical characteristics and favorable mechanical performance; Comprise that density is little, rigidity is big, specific area is big, the energy-obsorbing and damping performance is good, sound-deadening and noise-reducing is effective, capability of electromagnetic shielding is high, it uses the fields such as aviation, electronics, medicine and biochemistry, metallurgical machinery, petrochemical industry, energy environment protection, defence and military and nuclear technology that covered.In order to obtain the porous metals of different performance, multiple preparation method is proposed in succession, like direct foaming, microcast process, bubble method, sintering process and electrodeposition process etc.These conventional methods have common defective: the shape of pore, structure and size are restive in the porous metals of acquisition; The porous metals mechanical property that obtains is relatively poor, can't satisfy the structural material requirement.For this reason, Ukraine scientist Shapovalov has proposed method-metal/gas eutectic directional solidification technique that a kind of preparation has the porous metal material of regular air hole structure.This know-why is: under certain atmosphere, (be generally the mixed atmosphere of hydrogen or hydrogen and argon gas; Also can use oxygen or nitrogen to special metal) melt metal or alloy that those can not form gaseous compound; After insulation a period of time, will dissolve a large amount of gas in the melt.In process of setting subsequently, because the poor solubility of gas in solid phase and liquid phase, the freezing interface is located oversaturated gas and will be separated out, and metal also is frozen into corresponding solid phase.If technological parameter control is proper, make gentle being coupled of solid phase grow and stable pushing ahead, what obtain at last will be that cylindric pore aligns the loose structure in metallic matrix, the direction of pore is parallel with heat transfer (solidifying) direction.In addition, adopt this technology also can prepare the porous ceramics and the porous semi-conductor of same structure.
According to metal/gas eutectic directional solidification technique principle, u. s. patent US5224031 has designed a kind of device for preparing porous metals through gases at high pressure with siphon mode.Because what use is inert gas, and the solubility of inert gas in liquid metal is very low, adopt the porosity of the porous metals of this device acquisition adjusting in a big way; French Patent (FRP) patent No. FR2208743B1 has designed and has a kind ofly made the porous metals that melt is solidified by top prepare equipment through water-cooling pattern.But this equipment can't accurately be accomplished metal/gas eutectic reaction, and the porous metal structure uniformity, the controllability that therefore obtain are relatively poor.U. s. patent US5181549 has designed and has comprised and vacuumizing and the system of positive pressure control device, deposite metal crucible, the coagulation system with water mold, temperature survey and control device.Through to fusion temperature, gas pressure intensity and dwell time, the relevant parameter control of process of setting, this device can obtain structure evenly, pore aligns, the porosity is controlled porous metals.But the mode that this patent has adopted melting kettle and coagulation system to separate through ceramic stopper rod.Because ceramic stopper rod is more crisp, ruptures easily; And occur melt easily and be set in its surface in advance, lift ceramic stopper rod and can't accomplish thereby make.The Chinese patent patent No. 2,009 1 0010396.7 adopts and is mutually the melting of 90 ° of placements and solidifies two main body module modes.In this patent, device needs half-twist to cast, and could realize the preparation of porous metals, not only technology and some complicacy of operation, and the porous metal material structure that the eddy current that liquid metals produces when casting simultaneously often causes being obtained is inhomogeneous.
Summary of the invention
Deficiency to the prior art existence; The problem that the present invention will solve is that the porous metals that provide a kind of melting and directional solidification in same container, to accomplish prepare equipment; Not only easy and simple to handle, can avoid because the porous metal structure that eddy current causes is inhomogeneous problems such as poor controllability simultaneously.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of vacuum-positive pressure smelting apparatus for directional solidification comprises housing, is positioned at the closure fange of housing upper end, is positioned at the melting kettle that is used for melting and directional solidification and the directional solidification mold of housing; Wherein, melting kettle and directional solidification mold below is provided with water mold, the joint of said water mold through the lift adjustment of external Electric Machine Control lifting arm and melting kettle and directional solidification mold bottom surface with separate.Melting kettle and directional solidification mold material are selected the higher material of thermal conductivity factor for use, like graphite or aluminium nitride etc.
Said melting kettle and directional solidification mold sidewall have the tapering smaller or equal to 10 °; Melting kettle and directional solidification mold side wall inner surfaces apply the insulating ceramic coating; Or has an insulating ceramic tube of identical tapering with tight fit mode liner; Melting kettle and directional solidification shell twine heater coil; 2200 ℃ of heater coil maximum heating temperature are filled adiabatic cupola drop material between melting kettle and directional solidification mold and the heater coil, the lower edge of melting kettle and directional solidification mold leans out heater coil and adiabatic cupola drop material bottom surface 1-10mm.
The underlayer thickness of said melting kettle and directional solidification mold is 8-15mm.
Melting kettle and directional solidification mold are fixed on the housing through the support that links to each other with housing.
The upper surface of said water mold is parallel to melting kettle and directional solidification mold bottom surface, the joint through lifting arm adjustment and melting kettle and directional solidification mold with separate; The recirculated water water velocity is through pressure control in the water mold.
Can be provided with the medium pad on the upper surface of said water mold.
Sealing flange is provided with the observation window I and the observation window II of symmetry, above two observation windows, is respectively arranged with camera; Be inserted with the liftable temperature measuring equipment in sealing flange central authorities over against melting kettle and directional solidification mold; Housing bottom surface central authorities offer coaxial cable and circulating water intake; Near the side medium height position of housing interface is set, interface vacuumizes unit and inflation compression system through the pipeline connection, and vacuum and malleation switch valve are set on this pipeline.
External inclining rotary mechanism on the housing can make the entire equipment maximum vert 120 °.
Melting kettle and directional solidification mold maximum outside diameter 200mm, 10 ° of sidewall maximum tapers, maximum height 280mm.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is following:
1. adopt present device to prepare in the porous metals process; Melting and being set in the same device is accomplished; The melting pressurize is closed heating system after finishing; Only water mold is risen to melting kettle and directional solidification mold bottom and closely contact, no longer need lift 90 ° of ceramic stopper rod or reclining devices or 180 ° and the saturated metallic solution of hydrogen is poured into solidify mold, so make operation easy greatly;
2. the porous metal structure uniformity, the controllability that adopt present device to obtain are stronger; Because the molten metal internal vortex phenomenon that does not exist metallic solution to pour into to occur when solidifying mold, the directional solidification of molten metal can be stablized and carry out, and the uniformity and the controllability of the porous metals air hole structure that is therefore obtained can be guaranteed;
3. the melting kettle of present device and directional solidification mold side wall inner surfaces and molten metal adopt ceramic thermal insulation coating (tube) to separate; Outer wall and heater coil adopt adiabatic cupola drop material to separate; Water mold directly and the bottom fluid-tight engagement of melting kettle and directional solidification mold when solidifying; Guarantee only melting kettle and the bottom heat conduction of directional solidification mold in process of setting, therefore can obtain porous metals and the alloy and the composite of pore direction vertical bottom face, air hole structure rule;
4. the underlayer thickness of melting kettle of the present invention and directional solidification mold is 8-15mm; This thickness range can guarantee to bear under the prerequisite of melt weight in process of setting; Molten metal is to the water mold flash heat transfer; The aperture of pore is little and even in the prepared porous metal material, and the aperture can reach in the prior art melting and be set in the index of accomplishing in two devices.
5. present device is because melting is accomplished with being set in the same device, and device structure is simple, materials are few, volume is little, the saving manufacturing cost.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of embodiments of the invention;
Wherein, 1 sealing flange; 2 flange seal bolts; 3 interfaces; 4 coaxial cables and circulating water intake; 5-1 observation window I; 5-2 observation window II; 6 temperature measuring equipments; 7 water molds; 8 lifting arms; 9 heater coils; 10 melting kettles and directional solidification mold; 11 insulating ceramic tubes; 12 metal baths.
The specific embodiment
Structure as shown in Figure 1, that vacuum-positive pressure smelting apparatus for directional solidification of the present invention adopts melting kettle and directional solidification mold to unite two into one.Concrete structure is following:
Comprise housing; Be positioned at the closure fange 1 of housing upper end; Be positioned at the melting kettle that is used for melting and directional solidification and the directional solidification mold 10 of housing; Material is the thermal conductivity factor higher material, and like graphite or aluminium nitride etc., melting kettle and directional solidification mold 10 are fixed on the housing through the support that links to each other with housing; Wherein be provided with water mold 7 in melting kettle and the directional solidification mold 10 below certain distances, said water mold 7 through the joint between external Electric Machine Control lifting arm 8 lift adjustments and melting kettle and directional solidification mold 10 bottom surfaces with separate.
Melting kettle and directional solidification mold 10 sidewalls have and are not more than 10 ° tapering, and melting kettle and directional solidification mold 10 inner wall surface apply the insulating ceramic coating, or have the insulating ceramic tube 11 of identical tapering with tight fit mode liner; Melting kettle and directional solidification mold 10 outer walls twine heater coil 9; Heater coil 9 adopts induction heating mode, and heating-up temperature is up to 2200 ℃, both can carry out smelting non-ferrous metal; Can carry out smelting ferrous metal again; Fill adiabatic cupola drop material between melting kettle and directional solidification mold 10 and the heater coil 9, it is adiabatic to heater coil to be used for the process of setting melt, and the lower edge of melting kettle and directional solidification mold 10 leans out heater coil 9 and adiabatic cupola drop material bottom surface 1-10mm; Be the bottom of melting kettle and directional solidification mold 10 can be directly and water mold 7 engage; Carry out the quick cooling of melt, the underlayer thickness of melting kettle and directional solidification mold 10 is controlled at 8-15mm, under the prerequisite that can bear melt weight, guarantees flash heat transfer.
The upper surface of water-cooled (copper) crystallizer 7 is parallel to the bottom surface of melting kettle and directional solidification mold 10; Joint through 8 adjustment of Electric Machine Control lifting arm and the bottom of melting kettle and directional solidification mold 10 with separate; The recirculated water water velocity is through pressure control in the water mold 7; Simultaneously also can between melting kettle and directional solidification mold 10 and water mold 7, the medium pad be set as required; The medium pad is arranged on water mold 7 upper surfaces, the cooling water flow speed controlling melt directional solidification speed of hydrous water cooling crystallizer 7.
Sealing flange is provided with observation window I5-1, the observation window II5-2 of symmetry, above two observation windows, is respectively arranged with the process of setting that camera is used for observing melting state and process of setting melt; Be inserted with liftable temperature measuring equipment 6 in sealing flange 1 central authorities over against melting kettle and directional solidification mold 10, temperature measuring equipment 6 can adopt thermocouple; The following middle position of housing is offered coaxial cable and circulating water intake 4; Near the side medium height position of housing interface 3 is set, interface 3 vacuumizes unit and inflation compression system through the pipeline connection, and the switch valve that vacuumizes and pressurize is set on this pipeline.Among the present invention, the housing of equipment and sealing flange all adopt the recirculated water cooling.
Among the present invention, the equipment overall fixed is on support, and rack shaft is parallel to sealing flange 1, and equipment rotates around the axis and accomplished by motor or HYDRAULIC CONTROL SYSTEM, and the maximum tilt angle of equipment is 120 °, is used for directional solidification and finishes back taking-up porous metals ingot.
The present invention is through the directional solidification speed of medium pad control molten material between water velocity and water mold 7 and casting die in the adjustment water mold 7, thereby can control the structure and the performance of porous metal material.
The melting heating-up temperature of present device can reach 2200 ℃; Melting initial vacuum degree can reach 10
-2Pa; Maximum is born pressure and can be reached 7MPa in the course of work, and the malleation amount of leakage is less than 0.03MPa/h; The terminal leaving water temperature of cooling circulating water is lower than 30 ℃.
Present device can be equipped with vacuum in the stove, the interior malleation pressure of stove, melt liquid temperature, the real-time monitoring of heat-insulation system temperature, register system, and overcurrent, overvoltage, furnace pressure superpressure and decompression, cooling water decompression and overtemperature safety guard can also be set.
The preparation of embodiment 1 high-strength orienting stephanoporate copper
Device is in melting kettle and directional solidification mold 10 plumbness; Open sealing flange 1; With metallic copper pack into melting kettle and directional solidification mold 10, close and tighten sealing flange 1, water mold is reduced to melting kettle and directional solidification mold 10 bottoms separate.The device for opening water-cooling system is opened vacuum system and is vacuumized through 3 pairs of whole devices of interface, and pressure reaches 3 * 10 in stove
-2Connect smelting furnace heater coil 9 power supplys during Pa, begin fusion process to be observed to the heating of the metal material in melting kettle and the directional solidification mold 10 and through observation window I5-1 or observation window II5-2.In this stage, what melting kettle and directional solidification mold 10 play a part is melting kettle.After treating that furnace charge melts fully, measure melt temperature, heating coil current is set makes melt temperature to 1250 ℃ also maintenance with temperature measuring equipment 6.Close pumped vacuum systems and switching interface 3 control valves to inflated condition, after gas pressure intensity reaches 0.4MPa in feeding hydrogen to the device, close hydrogen valve; Open the argon gas valve, feed argon gas and make the interior gas pressure intensity of device reach 0.5MPa.Keep system mode (1250 ℃ of melt temperatures, gas pressure intensity 0.5MPa) after 60 minutes; Start the circulation of water mold 7; Stop heater coil 9 power supplies and start lowering or hoisting gear 8; Make water mold slowly rise until with melting kettle and directional solidification mold 10 bottom fluid-tight engagement, what this moment, melting kettle and directional solidification mold 10 play a part is the directional solidification mold.Through observation window process of setting is observed, guaranteed that no abnormal phenomenon occurs.After solidifying completion, system pressure is reduced to atmospheric pressure gradually.After foundry goods cools off fully; Switching interface 3 is outer to vacuumize and pressurization control valve to the state of vacuumizing and start the vacuum unit, and the system vacuum degree stops to vacuumize after reaching 100Pa, and system leaves standstill bubbling air after 5 minutes; Open 120 ° of sealing flange 1 and slewings then, take out the porous copper casting.The porous copper pore direction that obtains perpendicular to the bottom surface; The air hole structure parameter is: aperture 100
m-800
m; Hole length 10mm-30mm, the porosity 39 ± 5%.
Claims (9)
1. a vacuum-positive pressure smelting apparatus for directional solidification is characterized in that: comprise housing, be positioned at the closure fange (1) of housing upper end, be positioned at the melting kettle that is used for melting and directional solidification and the directional solidification mold (10) of housing; Wherein, The side wall inner surfaces of melting kettle and directional solidification mold (10) is provided with heat insulation layer; The below is provided with water mold (7), the joint of said water mold (7) through external Electric Machine Control lifting arm (8) lift adjustment and melting kettle and directional solidification mold (10) bottom surface with separate.
2. according to the described vacuum-positive pressure smelting apparatus for directional solidification of claim 1; It is characterized in that; Said melting kettle and directional solidification mold (10) sidewall have the tapering smaller or equal to 10 °; Melting kettle and directional solidification mold (10) side wall inner surfaces apply the insulating ceramic coating; Or having the insulating ceramic tube (11) of identical tapering with tight fit mode liner, melting kettle and directional solidification mold (10) outer wall twine heater coil (9), 2200 ℃ of heater coil (9) maximum heating temperature; Fill adiabatic cupola drop material between melting kettle and directional solidification mold (10) and the heater coil (9), the lower edge of melting kettle and directional solidification mold (10) leans out heater coil (9) and adiabatic cupola drop material bottom surface 1-10mm.
3. according to the described vacuum-positive pressure smelting apparatus for directional solidification of claim 1, it is characterized in that the underlayer thickness of said melting kettle and directional solidification mold (10) is 8-15mm.
4. according to the described vacuum-positive pressure smelting apparatus for directional solidification of claim 2, it is characterized in that melting kettle and directional solidification mold (10) are fixed on the housing through the support that links to each other with housing.
5. according to the described vacuum-positive pressure smelting apparatus for directional solidification of claim 1; It is characterized in that; The upper surface of said water mold (7) is parallel to melting kettle and directional solidification mold (10) bottom surface, the joint through lifting arm (8) adjustment and melting kettle and directional solidification mold (10) with separate; The interior recirculated water water velocity of water mold (7) is through pressure control.
6. according to the described vacuum-positive pressure smelting apparatus for directional solidification of claim 5, it is characterized in that, can be provided with the medium pad on the upper surface of said water mold (7).
7. according to the described vacuum-positive pressure smelting apparatus for directional solidification of claim 1, it is characterized in that sealing flange (1) is provided with the observation window I (5-1) and the observation window II (5-2) of symmetry, above two observation windows, is respectively arranged with camera; Central authorities are inserted with liftable temperature measuring equipment (6) over against melting kettle and directional solidification mold (10) at sealing flange (1); Housing bottom surface central authorities offer coaxial cable and circulating water intake (4); Interface (3) is set near the side medium height position of housing, and interface (3) vacuumizes unit and inflation compression system through the pipeline connection, and vacuum and malleation switch valve are set on this pipeline.
8. according to the described vacuum-positive pressure smelting apparatus for directional solidification of claim 1, it is characterized in that: external inclining rotary mechanism on the housing can make the entire equipment maximum vert 120 °.
9. according to the described vacuum-positive pressure smelting apparatus for directional solidification of claim 1, it is characterized in that: melting kettle and directional solidification mold (10) adopt graphite or aluminium nitride.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201110255806A CN102328066A (en) | 2011-08-31 | 2011-08-31 | Vacuum-positive pressure smelting and solidifying equipment |
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| CN201110255806A CN102328066A (en) | 2011-08-31 | 2011-08-31 | Vacuum-positive pressure smelting and solidifying equipment |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104673982A (en) * | 2013-12-02 | 2015-06-03 | 江西昌河航空工业有限公司 | Heating method and device for induction heat treatment of converging tube parts |
| CN104878443A (en) * | 2015-06-19 | 2015-09-02 | 东方电气集团东方汽轮机有限公司 | Fusing and pouring method for pouring monocrystal casting |
| CN106493316A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-03-15 | 东北大学 | Vertical type semi-solid casting and rolling device and casting-rolling method |
| CN108766193A (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-11-06 | 清华大学 | A kind of low melting point transparent alloy Under Pressure Solidification home position observation device |
| CN110976817A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-04-10 | 昆明理工大学 | Lotus root-shaped porous metal material preparation device and method |
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| JP2004322143A (en) * | 2003-04-24 | 2004-11-18 | Hideo Nakajima | Method for manufacturing porous metallic body |
| CN1862201A (en) * | 2006-06-12 | 2006-11-15 | 高文林 | Directional solidifying smelter |
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| CN202224638U (en) * | 2011-08-31 | 2012-05-23 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Vacuum-positive pressure melting solidification device |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2004322143A (en) * | 2003-04-24 | 2004-11-18 | Hideo Nakajima | Method for manufacturing porous metallic body |
| CN1862201A (en) * | 2006-06-12 | 2006-11-15 | 高文林 | Directional solidifying smelter |
| CN200971318Y (en) * | 2006-11-20 | 2007-11-07 | 郭辉 | Microwave heating and purifying device for silicon material |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104673982A (en) * | 2013-12-02 | 2015-06-03 | 江西昌河航空工业有限公司 | Heating method and device for induction heat treatment of converging tube parts |
| CN104878443A (en) * | 2015-06-19 | 2015-09-02 | 东方电气集团东方汽轮机有限公司 | Fusing and pouring method for pouring monocrystal casting |
| CN106493316A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-03-15 | 东北大学 | Vertical type semi-solid casting and rolling device and casting-rolling method |
| CN108766193A (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-11-06 | 清华大学 | A kind of low melting point transparent alloy Under Pressure Solidification home position observation device |
| CN110976817A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-04-10 | 昆明理工大学 | Lotus root-shaped porous metal material preparation device and method |
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Application publication date: 20120125 |