CN102323178B - Method and device for measuring physical property indexes of soil body - Google Patents
Method and device for measuring physical property indexes of soil body Download PDFInfo
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- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
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- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229930091051 Arenine Natural products 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method and a device for measuring physical property indexes of a soil body. The method comprises the following steps of: measuring six basic parameters, namely corresponding masses and volumes of soil particles, water and gas in the soil body; and calculating to acquire nine conventional physical property indexes of the soil body through running relevant programs by virtue of data storage and processing equipment, and displaying the nine conventional physical property indexes once, wherein the conventional physical property indexes of the soil body can be measured quickly and comprehensively.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for measuring physical property indexes of a soil body and a related measuring device for implementing the method, belonging to the field of methods for measuring the physical property indexes of the soil body and measuring instruments thereof.
Background
Some physical properties of soil are mainly determined by the proportion relation of volume and mass (weight) occupied by solid particles, water and gas in pores of the soil, and an index reflecting the relation is called as the physical property index of the soil. The physical property index of the soil can not only describe the physical property of the soil and the state of the soil, but also reflect the mechanical property of the soil to a certain extent. Therefore, in the implementation of many projects, it is important to know the physical property indexes of the soil.
Physical property indexes of soil bodies can be divided into two types: one type is determined by tests, such as density, soil particle specific gravity and water content, and is called as a direct index; the other is converted according to direct indexes such as porosity ratio, saturation, dry density and the like, and is called indirect index. The physical property indexes of the commonly used soil body are nine, namely the natural density rho, the specific gravity Gs of soil particles, the water content omega, the porosity e, the porosity n, the saturation Sr and the dry density rho of the soildSaturation density ρsatAnd floating density ρ'。
At present, different soil physical property indexes are respectively measured by designing and implementing different tests, the different measurement tests are based on different test principles, and data are generally observed and recorded by naked eyes. For example, in measuring the specific gravity of soil particles, the specific gravity is measured by the pycnometer method according to the principle of substitution by an equal volume. The specific gravity bottle is filled with pure water in advance, and the weight of the bottle added with water is weighed. Then, a plurality of grams of dried soil is filled into the empty specific gravity bottle, pure water is added until the bottle is full, the mass of the bottle, the soil and the water is weighed, and the specific gravity of the soil particles is calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula: m is1-the quality of the bottle water addition;
m2the quality of the bottle with water and soil;
ms-quality of the drying soil.
For another example, the method commonly used for determining the water content according to the definition of the water content is a drying method, the mass of the natural wet soil is weighed, then the natural wet soil is placed in an oven and dried at the normal temperature of 100 ℃ to 105 ℃, the mass of the dry soil is weighed, and then the water content is calculated according to the water content definition formula.
These test methods clearly suffer from the following disadvantages: (1) because the test principles for measuring the physical property indexes of the soil body are different, a corresponding measurement test needs to be designed every time one physical property index of the soil body is measured, the operation steps are complicated, the workload is large, and the working efficiency is low; (2) most of test data are recorded manually, so that the automation degree is low and the precision is insufficient.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a test method for measuring 9 commonly used soil physical property indexes at one time. According to the physical property of soil, the volume and mass (weight) proportional relation of the solid particles, water and gas in the pores is mainly determined, the test method obtains 6 basic parameters of the mass and volume corresponding to the solid particles, the water and gas in the pores through measurement and program calculation by a measuring device, the measurement result is transmitted to a data storage and processing device through a data transmission line, and relevant processing and operation are carried out through a preset program, so that 9 common soil physical property indexes of soil are displayed at one time.
According to the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a measuring method for measuring physical property indexes of soil mass comprises the following steps,
a measuring method for measuring physical property indexes of soil mass comprises the following steps,
step 1: collecting a soil sample, namely collecting the soil sample by using a soil sample collecting container with known volume;
step 2: weighing and drying, namely placing the soil sample on a weighing and heating base for weighing to obtain the mass m of the soil sample1And is transmitted to through a data transmission lineAnd the data storage and processing equipment heats and dries the soil sample through the weighing and heating base, and the mass of the soil particles obtained after stabilization is recorded as m2Output to a data storage and processing device via a data transmission line, m1And m2The difference is the mass m of water contained in the pores of the soil particleswThe mass of gas contained in the pores of the soil particles is very small and is regarded as zero treatment, i.e. ma＝0；
And step 3: taking out and crushing the soil sample, namely taking out the dried soil particles from the soil sample collection container and carrying out rolling treatment;
and 4, step 4: measuring the volume of the soil sample-opening the volume measuring device and recording the current value I corresponding to the initial volume of water in the water body container1Then the ground soil particles are poured into a water body container uniformly, and the current value I of the circuit after stabilization is recorded2The volume V of the soil particles is converted from the current value by running a relevant program through a volume measuring devicesThe calculation formula is Wherein:
u isVoltage across the circuit, in volts; r0Is a fixed resistor in the circuit, and the unit is ohm; l1Length of the sliding rheostat which is initially accessed into the circuit, and the unit is meter; a is the bottom area of the water body container, and the unit is square meter;
due to the mass m of water contained in the soil samplewKnown by calculation formulas
The volume V of water contained in the soil body can be calculatedwSince the volume of the soil sample collection container is known as V0By making a difference, the volume V of the gas contained in the soil sample can be obtaineda
Va＝V0-Vs-Vw；
And 5: and (3) data processing, namely obtaining 9 physical property indexes commonly used by the soil body according to 6 basic parameters of the mass and the volume of soil particles, water and gas contained in the obtained soil body.
The nine parameters are respectively obtained by the following definitions: 
wherein,
natural density rho, soil particle specific gravity Gs, water content omega, porosity e, porosity n, saturation Sr and dry density rhodSaturation density ρsatAnd a floating density ρ'.
The calculations involved in the above-described process are all handled by the data storage and processing device;
another object of the present invention is to provide a test apparatus capable of carrying out the above test method, comprising: a soil sample collection container, a weighing and heating base, a weighing electronic measuring device, a floating block, a sliding rheostat, a lead, a volume measuring device, a water body containing container, a metal shell, a data transmission line and a data storage and processing device, the floating block is arranged in the water body container filled with water in a floating way, the floating block is connected with the sliding end of the slide rheostat in a linkage way, the slide end of the slide rheostat is connected with one input end of the volume measuring equipment through a lead, the weighing electronic measuring equipment is connected with the weighing heating base, the soil sample collection container is placed on the weighing and heating base, the signal output end of the weighing electronic measuring device is connected with the signal input end of the data storage and processing device through a data transmission line, the signal output of the volume measuring device is connected to the other signal input of the data storage and processing device via a data transmission line.
The data storage and processing equipment is made of a single chip microcomputer.
According to the technical scheme, the following beneficial effects can be realized:
1. when different soil physical property indexes are measured, the same principle is adopted, namely the mass and the volume of soil particles, water and gas in the soil are obtained by a measuring and calculating method, and then 9 soil physical property indexes are obtained by calculating through related programs according to the 6 basic parameters and the definition formula of the soil physical property indexes and are displayed at one time. The measuring method is convenient and quick, the measuring parameters are comprehensive, and the working efficiency is high.
2. The data is completely automatically acquired in the measuring process, so that the labor cost is greatly saved, the recording accuracy of the data is ensured, errors are avoided from the data source, and the accuracy of data acquisition is improved.
3. The device calculates and processes the collected data through related programs, has high automation degree, saves human resources on the one hand, and avoids errors in the manual analysis and calculation processes on the other hand.
A test device capable of implementing the test method comprises a soil sample collection container, a weighing heating base, a weighing electronic measuring device, a floating block, a sliding rheostat, a lead, a volume measuring device, a water body containing container, a metal shell, a data transmission line and a data storage and processing device, wherein the floating block is connected with the sliding rheostat through the lead, a signal output end of the weighing electronic measuring device is connected with a signal input end of the data storage and processing device through the data transmission line, the floating block is connected with the sliding rheostat and the volume measuring device through the lead, and a signal output end of the volume measuring device is connected with the other signal input end of the data storage and processing device through the data transmission line.
Compared with the prior art, the device has the beneficial effects that:
1. this device adopts the electronic circuit technique, and data processing is all accomplished by predetermineeing device and procedure from data acquisition, and degree of automation is high, has not only practiced thrift manpower resources and test cost, has still avoided the error that manual operation arouses, has ensured the accuracy of data from the source.
2. The device can measure 9 commonly used soil physical property indexes at one time, and compared with the current situation that a test is designed for measuring one soil physical property index in the prior art, the device has the advantages of high working efficiency and comprehensive measurement parameters, effectively improves the measurement efficiency and reduces the measurement cost.
3. The device has the advantages of simple structure, easy production, low cost and wide market prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the operation of the test apparatus.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the test apparatus.
Wherein:
1. a soil sample collection container; 2. weighing and heating the base; 3. a weighing electronic measuring device; 5. floating blocks; 6. a slide rheostat; 7. a wire; 8. a volume measurement device; 9. a water body receptacle; 10. a metal housing; 11. a data transmission line; 12. data storage and processing apparatus.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, the test method for measuring the physical property index of the soil body, which is disclosed by the invention, mainly comprises the following steps: (1) collecting a soil sample, namely collecting the soil sample by using a soil sample collecting container with a known volume; (2) weighing and drying, namely placing the soil sample collected in the first step on a weighing and heating base for weighing, wherein the weighing electronic measuring equipment displays that the mass is m1The soil sample is transmitted to a data storage and processing device through a data transmission line, then is heated and dried through the base, and the stabilized data is displayed by a weighing electronic measuring device and is marked as m2Is sent out to the data storage and processing equipment through the data transmission line, then m2Mass m of soil particless，m1And m2The difference being the mass m of water contained in the poreswThe gas contained in the pores has small mass and is regarded as zero treatment, and all the calculation involved in the process is calculated by data storage and processing equipment through running a relevant program; (3) taking out and crushing the soil sample, namely taking out the dried soil sample from the soil sample collection container and carrying out rolling treatment; (4) measuring the volume of the soil sample-opening the volume measuring device and recording the current value I corresponding to the initial volume of water in the water body container1Then the ground soil sample is poured into a water body container uniformly, and the current value I of the circuit after stabilization is recorded2The volume V of the soil particles is converted from the current value by running a relevant program by the volume measuring devicesThe calculation formula is
(wherein U is the voltage across the circuit in volts; R0 is the fixed resistance in the circuit in ohms; 11 is the length of the slide rheostat initially connected to the circuit in meters; A is the base area of the water receptacle in meters)Is square meter. ) And transmitted to the data storage and processing equipment through a data transmission line. Due to the mass m of water contained in the soil sampleWAccording to a calculation formula
The volume V of water contained in the soil body can be calculated by a calculation programwSince the volume of the soil sample collection container is known and has been input to the data storage and processing device as a known parameter, according to formula Va＝V0-Vs-VwThe volume V of the gas contained in the soil sample can be calculateda(V0Volume of the soil sample collection container); (5) and (3) processing data, namely obtaining 9 physical property indexes commonly used by the soil body according to 6 basic parameters of the mass and the volume of soil particles, water and gas contained in the obtained soil body.
The nine parameters are respectively obtained by the following definitions: 
wherein,
natural density rho, soil particle specific gravity Gs, water content omega, porosity e, porosity n, saturation Sr and dry density rhodSaturation density ρsatAnd a floating density ρ'.
The calculations involved in the above-described process are all handled by the data storage and processing device;
as shown in fig. 2, the testing apparatus of the present invention comprises a soil sample collection container 1, a weighing and heating base 2, a weighing electronic measuring device 3, a button 4, a floating block 5, a slide rheostat 6, a wire 7, a volume measuring device 8, a water containing container 9, a metal housing 10, a data transmission line 11, and a data storage and processing device 12, wherein the floating block 5 is connected with the slide rheostat 6 through the wire 7, a signal output end of the weighing electronic measuring device 3 is connected with a signal input end of the data storage and processing device 12 through the data transmission line 11, and a signal output end of the volume measuring device 8 is connected with another signal input end of the data storage and processing device 12 through the data transmission line 11.
The technical indexes of each component of the device are as follows: the soil sample collection container 1 is a copper container with the diameter of 6cm and the height of 2 cm; the measuring range of the weighing heating base 2 is 0-200 g, and the precision is 0.01 g; the slide rheostat 6 consists of a resistor with 5 ohms and a sensitive resistor, and the resistance value of the sensitive rheostat is 0.1 ohm; the measuring range of the volume measuring device 8 is 0-80 cm3Precision of 0.01cm3A singlechip and related programs are arranged in the soil particle collector, and the current value is converted into the volume of the soil particles through a related formula; the volume of the water body accommodating container 9 is 150cm3(ii) a The main body of the data storage and processing device 12 is composed of a single chip microcomputer and related programs, and is mainly responsible for related data processing and operation.
When in use, the soil sample collecting container 1 collects a soil sample, the soil sample is placed on the weighing heating base 2 for weighing, and the weighing electronic measuring equipment 3 displays the mass m1The soil sample is weighed again after being dried by weighing the heating base 2, and the weight m is displayed by the weighing electronic measuring equipment 32When determining the mass of the dried pattern, the data when the display data of the weighing electronic measuring device 3 is stable is regarded as the mass m of the dried soil sample2And finally transmitted to the data storage and processing device 12 through the data transmission line 11; taking out the soil sample and rolling; opening volume measuring device 8, recording initial current value by volume measuring device 8, pouring the ground soil sample into water container 9, recording stabilized current value by volume measuring device 8 and calculating volume V of the unearthed particles by running related programsAnd finally transmitted to the data storage and processing device 12 through the data transmission line 11; the data storage and processing device 12 runs the related programs to calculate 9 commonly used soil physical property indexes and display the indexes at one time.
Claims (3)
1. A measuring method for measuring physical property indexes of soil is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: collecting soil sampleUsing a volume known asV 0 The soil sample collection container collects a soil sample;
step 2: weighing and dryingFirstly, placing the soil sample on a weighing and heating base for weighing to obtain the mass of the soil samplem 1 The water is transmitted to data storage and processing equipment through a data transmission line and then passes through the weighing heating baseHeating and drying the soil sample, and recording the mass of soil particles obtained after stabilizationm 2 Output to the data storage and processing device through the data transmission line, m 1 andm 2 the difference being the mass of water contained in the poresm w The mass of gas contained in the pores is small and is considered as zero treatment, i.e.m a =0；
And step 3: taking out and crushing the soil sampleTaking out the dried soil particles from the soil sample collection container and carrying out rolling compaction treatment;
and 4, step 4: measuring volume of soil sampleThe floating block is placed in a water body containing container filled with water in a floating mode, the floating block is connected with the sliding end of the slide rheostat in a linkage mode, and the sliding end of the slide rheostat is connected with one input end of the volume measuring device through a lead; opening the volume measuring device and recording the current value corresponding to the initial volume of water in the water body containerI 1 Then the ground soil particles are poured into a water body container uniformly, and the current value of the circuit after stabilization is recordedI 2 The volume of the soil particles is converted from the current value by running a related program through a volume measuring deviceV s The calculation formula is
Wherein:
Uis the voltage across the circuit, in volts;R 0 is a fixed resistor in the circuit, and the unit is ohm;l 1 length of the sliding rheostat which is initially accessed into the circuit, and the unit is meter;Athe bottom area of the water body container is the unit of square meter;
due to the mass of water contained in the soil samplem w Known by calculation formulas
Can calculate the volume of water contained in the soil bodyV w Since the volume of the soil sample collection container is known asV 0，The volume of the gas contained in the soil sample can be obtained by making a differenceV a
；
And 5: data processingObtaining 9 physical property indexes commonly used by the soil according to 6 basic parameters of the mass and the volume of soil particles, water and gas contained in the obtained soil:
the nine parameters are respectively obtained by the following definitions:、
、、
、
、
、
、
、
wherein:
natural density
Specific gravity Gs of soil particles, water content
Porosity e, porosity n, saturation Sr, dry density
Saturated density of
Superficial density of
。
2. A measuring apparatus for physical property index of soil mass for use in the measuring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the soil sample weighing and heating device comprises a soil sample collecting container (1), a weighing and heating base (2), a weighing electronic measuring device (3), a floating block (5), a sliding rheostat (6), a wire (7), a volume measuring device (8), a water body containing container (9), a metal shell (10), a data transmission line (11) and a data storage and processing device (12), wherein the floating block (5) is placed in the water body containing container (9) containing water in a floating mode, the floating block (5) is connected with a sliding end of the sliding rheostat (6) in a linkage mode, the sliding end of the sliding rheostat (6) is connected with an input end of the volume measuring device (8) through the wire (7), the weighing electronic measuring device (3) is connected with the weighing and heating base (2), the soil sample collecting container (1) is placed on the heating base (2), and a signal output end of the weighing electronic measuring device (3) is connected with the data storage device through the data transmission line (11) The signal input end of the storage and processing device (12) is connected, and the signal output end of the volume measuring device (8) is connected with the other signal input end of the data storage and processing device (12) through a data transmission line (11).
3. The device for measuring physical property indexes of soil mass according to claim 2, wherein the data storage and processing equipment (12) is made of a single chip microcomputer.
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| CN103018147B (en) * | 2012-11-21 | 2015-09-09 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of method measuring total porosity of shale |
| CN105486837B (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2018-08-24 | 宁波中普检测技术服务有限公司 | The assay method of nuisance in a kind of environmental monitoring |
| CN105352874B (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2017-12-15 | 山西省交通科学研究院 | A kind of test method and device of indoor measurement soil cracking behavior |
| CN108254281B (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2021-07-20 | 湖南长天自控工程有限公司 | Online detection method and device for material moisture rate of belt conveyor |
| CN107144681A (en) * | 2017-04-20 | 2017-09-08 | 河海大学 | A kind of soil basic physical property index Test device and its test method |
| CN108333090B (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2021-06-15 | 中航勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Method for measuring porosity ratio of sand containing pores |
| CN110146409B (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2020-07-07 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Method for determining shale gas saturation based on density |
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| CN2060547U (en) * | 1990-01-23 | 1990-08-15 | 山西省交通厅 | Multifunction moisture content electromagnetic quick analyzer |
| RU2317372C1 (en) * | 2006-07-17 | 2008-02-20 | Открытое акционерное общество "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт гидротехники им. Б.Е. Веденеева" | Method to estimate condition of cohesive soil of foundation base and building structure body |
| CN202188993U (en) * | 2011-08-04 | 2012-04-11 | 河海大学 | Automatic measuring device for physical property indexes of soil mass |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2060547U (en) * | 1990-01-23 | 1990-08-15 | 山西省交通厅 | Multifunction moisture content electromagnetic quick analyzer |
| RU2317372C1 (en) * | 2006-07-17 | 2008-02-20 | Открытое акционерное общество "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт гидротехники им. Б.Е. Веденеева" | Method to estimate condition of cohesive soil of foundation base and building structure body |
| CN202188993U (en) * | 2011-08-04 | 2012-04-11 | 河海大学 | Automatic measuring device for physical property indexes of soil mass |
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