CN102323178B - Method and device for measuring physical property indexes of soil body - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for measuring physical property indexes of a soil body. The method comprises the following steps of: measuring six basic parameters, namely corresponding masses and volumes of soil particles, water and gas in the soil body; and calculating to acquire nine conventional physical property indexes of the soil body through running relevant programs by virtue of data storage and processing equipment, and displaying the nine conventional physical property indexes once, wherein the conventional physical property indexes of the soil body can be measured quickly and comprehensively.

Description

Soil physical property index measurement method and its measurement device

technical field

The invention relates to a method for measuring soil physical property indexes and a related measuring device for implementing the measuring method, and belongs to the field of soil physical property index measurement methods and measuring instruments.

Background technique

Some physical properties of soil are mainly determined by the volume and mass (weight) ratio of the three phases of solid particles, water and gas in the pores that make up the soil. The indicators that reflect this relationship are called the physical properties of soil. index. The physical property index of soil can not only describe the physical property of soil and its state, but also reflect the mechanical property of soil to a certain extent. Therefore, in the implementation of many projects, it is very important to understand the physical properties of soil.

Soil physical property indexes can be divided into two categories: one kind must be determined through experiments, such as density, soil particle specific gravity and water content, called direct indexes; the other kind is converted according to direct indexes, such as void ratio, saturation Degree, dry density, etc., are called indirect indicators. There are nine commonly used soil physical property indicators, which are the natural density of soil ρ, the specific gravity of soil particles Gs, the water content ω, the void ratio e, the porosity n, the saturation Sr, the dry density ρ _d , the saturated density ρ _sat , Buoyant density ρ'.

At present, different soil physical property indexes are measured separately by designing and implementing different tests. Different measurement tests are based on different test principles, and the data are generally recorded with naked eyes. For example, when measuring the specific gravity of soil particles, the pycnometer method is often used for determination according to the principle of equal volume substitution. Fill the pycnometer bottle with pure water in advance, and weigh the quality of the water added to the bottle. Then put several grams of dried soil into the empty pycnometer, add pure water until it is full, weigh the quality of the bottle plus soil and water, and calculate the specific gravity of soil particles according to the following formula:

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; G</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; s</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; m</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; s</span>}}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; m</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; m</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; s</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; <figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="m"\; filenames="110803161758.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m</figure-callout></span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}}$

In the formula: m ₁ - the mass of water added to the bottle;

m ₂ ——the mass of the bottle plus water and soil;

m _s — mass of dried soil.

For another example, the method commonly used to measure moisture content according to the definition of moisture content is the drying method. First, weigh the mass of natural wet soil, then put it in an oven, and dry it at room temperature at 100°C--105°C to weigh dry soil. mass, and then calculate the water content according to the water content definition formula.

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&omega;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; m</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; w</span>}}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; m</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; s</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&times;</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 100</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \%</span>$

These test methods obviously have the following deficiencies: (1) Since the test principles for measuring the physical properties of soil are not the same, a corresponding measurement test needs to be designed for each physical property of the soil. (2) Most of the test data are recorded manually, with low degree of automation and insufficient precision.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a test method for one-time measurement of nine commonly used soil physical property indexes. According to the fact that the physical properties of soil are mainly determined by the volume and mass (weight) ratio of the three phases of solid particles, water and gas in the pores that make up the soil, this test method is obtained through measurement and program calculation by measuring devices. The solid particles that make up the soil, the mass and volume corresponding to the water and gas in the pores, the measurement results are transmitted to the data storage and processing device through the data transmission line for related processing and calculation through the preset program, one-time Displays 9 commonly used soil physical property indicators.

According to above technical purpose, the present invention will take following technical scheme: a kind of measuring method of soil body physical property index comprises following several steps,

A measuring method for measuring soil physical property index, comprising the following steps,

Step 1: Collect soil samples - collect soil samples with a soil sample collection container whose volume is known;

Step 2: Weighing and drying - first place the soil sample on the weighing heating base and weigh it to obtain the mass m ₁ of the soil sample, send it to the data storage and processing equipment through the data transmission line, and then heat it through the weighing The base heats and dries the soil samples, and the mass of the soil particles obtained after stabilization is recorded as m ₂ , which is output to the data storage and processing equipment through the data transmission line. The difference between m ₁ and m ₂ is the mass contained in the pores of the soil particles. The mass of water, m _w , and the mass of gas contained in the pores of soil particles are very small, and they are treated as zero, that is, _ma = 0;

Step 3: Take out and crush the soil sample - take out the dried soil particles from the soil sample collection container and carry out rolling treatment;

Step 4: Measure the volume of the soil sample—turn on the volume measuring device, record the current value I ₁ corresponding to the initial volume of water in the water body container, and then pour the crushed soil particles evenly into the water body container, and record the circuit after stabilization The current value I ₂ of the volume measurement equipment is used to calculate the volume V _s of the soil particles by running the relevant program from the current value, and the calculation formula is: $\mathrm{vs.}=\frac{(\frac{u}{I_2}-R_0)l_{1}A}{(\frac{u}{I_1}-R_0)}-l_{1}A,$ in:

U is the voltage at both ends of the circuit, in volts; R ₀ is the fixed resistance in the circuit, in ohms; l ₁ is the length of the sliding rheostat initially connected to the circuit, in meters; A is the bottom area of the water container, in ohms square meter;

可以算出土体所含水的体积V_w，由于土样采集容器容积已知为V₀，通过做差可以得到土样中所含气体的体积V_a Since the mass m _w of water contained in the soil sample is known, the calculation formula

The volume V _w of water contained in the soil can be calculated. Since the volume of the soil sample collection container is known as V ₀ , the volume V a of the gas contained in the soil sample can be obtained by making _a difference

V _a =V ₀ -V _s -V _w ;

Step 5: Data processing—according to the 6 basic parameters of the mass and volume of soil particles, water, and gas contained in the obtained soil, 9 commonly used physical property indicators of the soil are obtained.

$\mathrm{\&omega;}=\frac{m_w}{m_s}\&times;100\%,$ $e=\frac{V_w+V_a}{V_s},$ $n=\frac{V_w+V_a}{V_s+V_w+V_a},$ $\mathrm{Sr}=\frac{V_w}{V_a+V_w},$ ${\mathrm{\&rho;}}_d=\frac{m_d}{\mathrm{Va}+\mathrm{Vw}+\mathrm{Vs}},$ ${\mathrm{\&rho;}}_{\mathrm{sat}}=\frac{m_s+(\mathrm{Va}+\mathrm{Vw})\&times;{\mathrm{\&rho;}}_w}{\mathrm{Vs}+\mathrm{Vw}+\mathrm{Va}},$ ${\mathrm{\&rho;}}^{`}=\frac{m_s-\mathrm{Vs}\&times;{\mathrm{\&rho;}}_w}{\mathrm{Vw}+\mathrm{Vs}+\mathrm{Va}},$ 其中，The nine parameters are respectively obtained by the following definitions: $\mathrm{\&rho;}=\frac{m_{\mathrm{the\; s}}+m_w+m_a}{V_{\mathrm{the\; s}}+V_w+V_a},$

$\mathrm{\&omega;}=\frac{m_w}{m_{\mathrm{the\; s}}}\&times;100\%,$ $e=\frac{V_w+V_a}{V_{\mathrm{the\; s}}},$ $\mathrm{no}=\frac{V_w+V_a}{V_{\mathrm{the\; s}}+V_w+V_a},$ $\mathrm{Sr}=\frac{V_w}{V_a+V_w},$ ${\mathrm{\&rho;}}_d=\frac{m_d}{\mathrm{Va}+\mathrm{Vw}+\mathrm{vs.}},$ ${\mathrm{\&rho;}}_{\mathrm{sat}}=\frac{m_{\mathrm{the\; s}}+(\mathrm{Va}+\mathrm{Vw})\&times;{\mathrm{\&rho;}}_w}{\mathrm{vs.}+\mathrm{Vw}+\mathrm{Va}},$ ${\mathrm{\&rho;}}^{`}=\frac{m_{\mathrm{the\; s}}-\mathrm{vs.}\&times;{\mathrm{\&rho;}}_w}{\mathrm{Vw}+\mathrm{vs.}+\mathrm{Va}},$ in,

Natural density ρ, specific gravity of soil particles Gs, water content ω, void ratio e, porosity n, saturation Sr, dry density ρ _d , saturated density ρ _sat , floating density ρ′.

All calculations involved in the above process are handled by data storage and processing equipment;

Another object of the present invention is to provide a test device that can implement the above test method, including: soil sample collection container, weighing heating base, weighing electronic measuring equipment, floats, sliding rheostats, wires, volume measuring equipment, a water body container, a metal shell, a data transmission line, and data storage and processing equipment, the floating block is placed floatingly in the water body containing container filled with water, and the floating block is linked with the sliding end of the sliding rheostat, The sliding end of the sliding rheostat is connected to an input end of the volume measuring device through a wire, the weighing electronic measuring device is connected to the weighing heating base, and the soil sample collection container is placed on the weighing heating base , the signal output end of the weighing electronic measuring device is connected to the signal input end of the data storage and processing device through a data transmission line, and the signal output end of the volume measurement device is connected to another part of the data storage and processing device through a data transmission line. Signal input connection.

The data storage and processing equipment is made of a single-chip computer.

According to the above technical scheme, the following beneficial effects can be achieved:

1. When measuring different soil physical property indicators, the same principle is adopted, that is, the mass and volume of soil particles, water, and gas in the soil are obtained by the method of measurement and calculation, and then based on these 6 basic parameters The definition formula of soil physical property index calculates 9 soil physical property index through related program and displays them at one time. The measurement method is convenient and fast, the measurement parameters are comprehensive, and the work efficiency is high.

2. The data is completely collected automatically during the measurement process, which not only saves labor costs to a large extent, but also ensures the accuracy of data recording, avoids errors from the source of data, and improves the accuracy of data acquisition.

3. The device calculates and processes the collected data through relevant programs, with a high degree of automation. On the one hand, it saves human resources, and on the other hand, it avoids errors in the process of manual analysis and calculation.

A test device capable of implementing the above test method, comprising a soil sample collection container, a weighing heating base, a weighing electronic measuring device, a float, a sliding rheostat, a wire, a volume measuring device, a water body container, a metal casing, and a data transmission line , data storage and processing equipment, the floating block is connected to the sliding rheostat through wires, the signal output terminal of the weighing electronic measuring equipment is connected to the signal input terminal of the data storage and processing equipment through the data transmission line, the floating block and the sliding rheostat and volume measurement The devices are connected through wires, and the signal output end of the volume measuring device is connected with another signal input end of the data storage and processing device through a data transmission line.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this device are:

1. This device adopts electronic circuit technology. From data collection to data processing, it is completed by preset devices and programs. It has a high degree of automation, which not only saves human resources and test costs, but also avoids errors caused by manual operations, ensuring from the source the accuracy of the data.

2. This device can measure 9 commonly used soil physical property indicators at one time. Compared with the current situation in the prior art that every time a soil physical property index is measured, a test needs to be designed. The device has high working efficiency and comprehensive measurement parameters. , effectively improving the measurement efficiency and reducing the measurement cost.

3. The device is simple in structure, easy to produce, low in cost, and has broad market prospects.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a flowchart of the operation of the test device.

Figure 2 is a schematic structural view of the test device.

in:

1. Soil sample collection container; 2. Weighing and heating base; 3. Weighing electronic measuring equipment; 5. Floater; 6. Sliding rheostat; 7. Wire; 8. Volume measuring equipment; 9. Water container; 10. Metal shell; 11. Data transmission line; 12. Data storage and processing equipment.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

(其中U为电路两端电压，单位伏特；R0为电路中固定电阻，单位为欧姆；11为最初接入电路的滑动变阻器的长度，单位为米；A为水体容纳器的底面积，单位为平方米。)并通过数据传输线路传送给数据存储及处理设备。由于土样中所含水的质量m_W已知，根据计算式

通过计算程序可以算出土体所含水的体积V_w，由于土样采集容器容积已知并已经作为已知参数输入数据存储及处理设备，根据公式V_a＝V₀-V_s-V_w可以计算得到土样中所含气体的体积V_a(V₀为土样采集容器的体积)；(5)处理数据——根据已经得到的土体中所含的土颗粒、水、气体三者的质量、体积6个基本参数，得到9个土体常用的物理性质指标。As shown in Figure 1, the test method of measuring soil physical property index of the present invention, its main steps comprise: (1) collect soil sample---collect soil sample with the known soil sample collection container of volume; (2) Weighing and drying - put the soil sample collected in the first step on the weighing and heating base for weighing, and the weighing electronic measuring equipment will display the mass as m ₁ , and send it to the data storage and processing equipment through the data transmission line, and then pass the The base heats and dries the soil samples, and the stabilized data is displayed by weighing electronic measuring equipment, recorded as m ₂ , and sent to the data storage and processing equipment through the data transmission line, then m ₂ is the mass of soil particles in m _s , the difference between m ₁ and m ₂ is the mass m _w of the water contained in the pores, the mass of the gas contained in the pores is very small, and it is treated as zero, and the calculations involved in this process are all run by data storage and processing equipment (3) Take out and crush the soil sample——Take out the dried soil sample from the soil sample collection container and carry out rolling processing; (4) Measure the volume of the soil sample——Open the volume measurement equipment , record the current value I ₁ corresponding to the initial volume of water in the water body container, and then pour the crushed soil sample evenly into the water body container, record the current value I ₂ of the circuit after stabilization, and run the relevant program through the volume measurement equipment by The current value is converted to the volume V _s of the unearthed particles, and the calculation formula is

(Wherein U is the voltage at both ends of the circuit, in volts; R0 is the fixed resistance in the circuit, in ohms; 11 is the length of the sliding rheostat initially connected to the circuit, in meters; A is the bottom area of the water container, in ohms square meter.) and transmit it to the data storage and processing equipment through the data transmission line. Since the mass m _W of water contained in the soil sample is known, according to the formula

The volume V _w of water contained in the soil can be calculated through the calculation program. Since the volume of the soil sample collection container is known and has been input into the data storage and processing equipment as a known parameter, according to the formula V _a = V ₀ -V _s -V _w can be Calculate the volume V _a of the gas contained in the soil sample (V ₀ is the volume of the soil sample collection container); (5) processing data - according to the obtained soil particles, water, and gas contained in the soil Based on six basic parameters of mass and volume, nine commonly used physical property indexes of soil are obtained.

$\mathrm{\&omega;}=\frac{m_w}{m_s}\&times;100\%,$ $e=\frac{V_w+V_a}{V_s},$ $n=\frac{V_w+V_a}{V_s+V_w+V_a},$ $\mathrm{Sr}=\frac{V_w}{V_a+V_w},$ ${\mathrm{\&rho;}}_d=\frac{m_s}{\mathrm{Va}+\mathrm{Vw}+\mathrm{Vs}},$ ${\mathrm{\&rho;}}_{\mathrm{sat}}=\frac{m_s+(\mathrm{Va}+\mathrm{Vw})\&times;{\mathrm{\&rho;}}_w}{\mathrm{Vs}+\mathrm{Vw}+\mathrm{Va}},$ ${\mathrm{\&rho;}}^{`}=\frac{m_s-\mathrm{Vs}\&times;{\mathrm{\&rho;}}_w}{\mathrm{Vw}+\mathrm{Vs}+\mathrm{Va}},$ 其中，The nine parameters are respectively obtained by the following definitions: $\mathrm{\&rho;}=\frac{m_{\mathrm{the\; s}}+m_w+m_a}{V_{\mathrm{the\; s}}+V_w+V_a},$

$\mathrm{\&omega;}=\frac{m_w}{m_{\mathrm{the\; s}}}\&times;100\%,$ $e=\frac{V_w+V_a}{V_{\mathrm{the\; s}}},$ $\mathrm{no}=\frac{V_w+V_a}{V_{\mathrm{the\; s}}+V_w+V_a},$ $\mathrm{Sr}=\frac{V_w}{V_a+V_w},$ ${\mathrm{\&rho;}}_d=\frac{m_{\mathrm{the\; s}}}{\mathrm{Va}+\mathrm{Vw}+\mathrm{vs.}},$ ${\mathrm{\&rho;}}_{\mathrm{sat}}=\frac{m_{\mathrm{the\; s}}+(\mathrm{Va}+\mathrm{Vw})\&times;{\mathrm{\&rho;}}_w}{\mathrm{vs.}+\mathrm{Vw}+\mathrm{Va}},$ ${\mathrm{\&rho;}}^{`}=\frac{m_{\mathrm{the\; s}}-\mathrm{vs.}\&times;{\mathrm{\&rho;}}_w}{\mathrm{Vw}+\mathrm{vs.}+\mathrm{Va}},$ in,

Natural density ρ, specific gravity of soil particles Gs, water content ω, void ratio e, porosity n, saturation Sr, dry density ρ _d , saturated density ρ _sat , floating density ρ′.

All calculations involved in the above process are handled by data storage and processing equipment;

As shown in Figure 2, the test device of the present invention includes a soil sample collection container 1, a weighing heating base 2, a weighing electronic measuring device 3, a button 4, a floating block 5, a sliding rheostat 6, a wire 7, a volume measuring Equipment 8, water container 9, metal shell 10, data transmission line 11, data storage and processing equipment 12, floating block 5 is connected with sliding rheostat 6 through wire 7, and the signal output terminal of weighing electronic measuring equipment 3 is transmitted through data transmission The line 11 is connected to the signal input end of the data storage and processing device 12 , and the signal output end of the volume measurement device 8 is connected to another signal input end of the data storage and processing device 12 through the data transmission line 11 .

The technical indicators of each part of the device are as follows: the soil sample collection container 1 is a copper container with a diameter of 6 cm and a height of 2 cm; the weighing heating base 2 has a range of 0--200 g and an accuracy of 0.01 g; It consists of a 5 ohm resistor and a sensitive resistor, and the resistance of the sensitive rheostat is 0.1 ohm; the measuring range of the volume measuring device 8 is 0--80cm ³ , and the accuracy is 0.01cm ³ . The formula is converted into the volume of soil particles; the volume of the water container 9 is 150cm ³ ; the main body of the data storage and processing equipment 12 is composed of a single-chip microcomputer and related programs, and is mainly responsible for related data processing and calculation.

When in use, the soil sample is collected by the soil sample collection container 1, placed on the weighing and heating base 2 for weighing, and the mass m ₁ is displayed by the weighing electronic measuring device 3, and the soil sample is dried by the weighing and heating base 2 and then weighed again. The mass m ₂ is displayed by the weighing electronic measuring device 3. When determining the quality of the pattern after drying, the data when the display data of the weighing electronic measuring device 3 is stable is regarded as the mass m ₂ of the soil sample after drying, and finally through the data The transmission line 11 is sent to the data storage and processing device 12; the soil sample is taken out and crushed; the volume measurement device 8 is opened, the initial current value is recorded by the volume measurement device 8, and the crushed soil sample is poured into the water body container 9 Among them, the volume measurement device 8 records the stabilized current value and calculates the volume V _s of the unearthed particles by running related programs, and finally transmits it to the data storage and processing device 12 through the data transmission line 11; it is run by the data storage and processing device 12 The relevant program calculates 9 commonly used indexes of soil physical properties and displays them at one time.

Claims (3)

1. A measuring method for measuring soil physical property index, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps: Step 1: collect soil samples - collect soil samples with a soil sample collection container whose volume is known as V ₀ ; Step 2: Weighing and drying - first place the soil sample on the weighing heating base and weigh it to obtain the mass m ₁ of the soil sample, send it to the data storage and processing equipment through the data transmission line, and then heat it through the weighing The base heats and dries the soil sample, and after stabilization, the mass of the soil particles obtained is recorded as m ₂ , which is sent to the data storage and processing equipment through the data transmission line. The difference between m ₁ and m ₂ is the mass of water contained in the pores m _w , the mass of the gas _contained in the pores is very small, and it is treated as zero, that is, ma =0; Step 3: Take out and crush the soil sample - take out the dried soil particles from the soil sample collection container and carry out rolling treatment; Step 4: Measure the volume of the soil sample —the floating block is placed in a water container filled with water, and the floating block is linked with the sliding end of the sliding rheostat, and the sliding end of the sliding rheostat is connected to one of the volume measuring equipment through a wire. Connect the input terminal; turn on the volume measuring device, record the current value I ₁ corresponding to the initial volume of water in the water body container, then pour the crushed soil particles into the water body container evenly, and record the current value I ₂ of the circuit after stabilization , the volume V _s of the soil particles is converted from the current value through the volume measurement equipment to run the relevant program, and the calculation formula is

,in: U is the voltage at both ends of the circuit, in volts; R ₀ is the fixed resistance in the circuit, in ohms; l ₁ is the length of the sliding rheostat initially connected to the circuit, in meters; A is the bottom area of the water container, in ohms square meter; Since the mass m _w of water contained in the soil sample is known, the calculation formula

The volume V _w of water contained in the soil can be calculated. Since the volume of the soil sample collection container is known as V _{0 ,} the volume V a of the gas contained in the soil sample can be obtained by making _a difference ; Step 5: Data processing —according to the 6 basic parameters of the mass and volume of the soil particles, water, and gas contained in the obtained soil, 9 common physical property indicators of the soil are obtained: The nine parameters are respectively obtained by the following definitions: ,

, ,

,

,

,

,

,

,in: natural density

, soil particle specific gravity Gs, moisture content

, porosity ratio e, porosity n, saturation Sr, dry density

, saturation density

, Buoyant density

. 2. A measuring device for the soil physical property index used in the measuring method of claim 1, characterized in that it includes a soil sample collection container (1), a weighing heating base (2), a weighing electronic measuring device ( 3), floating block (5), sliding rheostat (6), wire (7), volume measuring equipment (8), water body container (9), metal shell (10), data transmission line (11), data storage and Processing equipment (12), the floating block (5) is placed floatingly in the water container (9) filled with water, and the floating block (5) is linked with the sliding end of the sliding rheostat (6) , the sliding end of the sliding rheostat (6) is connected to an input end of the volume measuring device (8) through a wire (7), and the weighing electronic measuring device (3) is connected to the weighing heating base (2) , placing the soil sample collection container (1) on the heating base (2), the signal output end of the weighing electronic measuring device (3) communicates with the data storage and processing device (12) through the data transmission line (11) ), the signal output end of the volume measuring device (8) is connected to another signal input end of the data storage and processing device (12) through the data transmission line (11). 3. The measuring device of a soil physical property index according to claim 2, characterized in that: the data storage and processing equipment (12) is made of a single-chip microcomputer.

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