CN102313404B - Condenser with liquid separation type spiral tube structure - Google Patents
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- CN102313404B CN102313404B CN 201110259213 CN201110259213A CN102313404B CN 102313404 B CN102313404 B CN 102313404B CN 201110259213 CN201110259213 CN 201110259213 CN 201110259213 A CN201110259213 A CN 201110259213A CN 102313404 B CN102313404 B CN 102313404B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a condenser with a liquid separation type spiral tube structure, which belongs to the technical fields of heat exchange and heat transfer. A spiral heat exchange tube is fixed in a shell of the condenser with the liquid separation type spiral tube structure; a liquid guiding tube is distributed on the outer circumference of the spiral heat exchange tube; the upper end of the spiral heat exchange tube is a condensing working substance inlet tube; the lower end of the spiral heat exchange tube is a condensing working substance outlet tube; the upper end of the outer circumference of the shell is a cooling water outlet; and the lower end of the outer circumference of the shell is a cooling water inlet. In a condensing process, a thick liquid film distributed on the side wall surface of the spiral outer circumference is derived in a non-dynamical way by utilizing the combined action of surface tension, capillary force and centrifugal force; a thin liquid film is promoted to transfer heat in a condensation phase change process; and the heat resistance of a condensed liquid film on the side of the outer circumference of a spiral tube is decreased, thereby obviously improving the heat exchange performance on the side of a condensation phase change tube. By using the condenser with the liquid separation type efficient spiral tube, a condensate liquid is separated mainly by means of the centrifugal force and the capillary force without being influenced by gravity, and the condensation heat exchange coefficient can be obviously improved both in a ground environment or a microgravity environment.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to heat exchange and heat transfer technology field, particularly a kind of condenser of separatory spiral tube structure.
Background technology
Discharge a large amount of low grade residual heats (as fume afterheat, steam waste heat etc.) in industrial process and remain to be utilized, its heat mainly comprises sensible heat and latent heat two parts.Take fire coal boiler fume as example, wherein the steam volume share is about 8%, carry 30% left and right that the latent heat heat accounts for the waste heat total amount, and in combustion gas and smoke of oil-fuel boiler, the steam volume share up to 18%, carries 65% left and right that the latent heat heat accounts for the waste heat total amount; As seen utilize the latent heat in condensing heat-exchange technology recovery waste heat, can increase substantially the heat energy recycle rate.
Simultaneously, the helix tube type heat exchanger is compared with general straight tube shell-and-tube heat exchanger, has a heat transfer coefficient large, compact conformation, be easy to clean, the advantage such as dirtiness resistance is little is although cost is higher than the shell-and-tube heat exchanger of same heat transfer area, because heat transfer coefficient is large, easily maintenance, spiral heat exchange tube is the serpentine coil shape simultaneously, has spring action, the destruction leakage that does not have thermal stress to cause is so be widely used.Spiral tube exchanger is compared with straight pipe heat exchanger has higher heat exchange efficiency, its basic reason is that fluid produces centrifugal force when flowing in bend pipe, this centrifugal force causes managing on interior perpendicular flow direction and produces Secondary Flow, thereby the disturbance of enhance fluid realizes enhanced heat exchange; Compare with common side bend, the spiral lift structure of helix tube (the spiral angle of climb) makes fluid be subject to twisting action on flow direction, and this twisting action also can the appreciable impact flow and heat transfer; In addition, in the pipe that causes of buoyancy lift, mixed convection also can affect the heat transfer characteristic of helix tube; In a word, because helix tube has the spiral lift structure, make the mobile acting in conjunction that is subject to centrifugal force, twisting resistance and buoyancy lift in helix tube, cause Development of Boundary Layer, section temperature distribution, laminar flow in helix tube different from conventional straight tube to characteristics such as turbulent flow conversion, the coefficient of heat transfer and frictional resistance.
And when the condensation phase transition process occurs, have the stream-liquid two-phase flow body in its pipe in helix tube.Due to the difference of its density, volume, the centrifugal force that causes being subject to separately, twisting resistance and floating life power different; Make gas near the internal face district, condensate liquid causes condensate film in uneven thickness on the circumferential section direction near the outside wall surface district, and cross section two-phase flow pattern shows significant asymmetry.The stream-liquid two-phase flow flow velocity difference that exists due to the spiral lift structure increases simultaneously, shearing force between two-phase section increases, impel the vapour bullet space nearly inwall district's elongation in helical duct in condensation flow pattern slug flow, and retain long liquid bridge district in the spiral outer circumferential sides.Characteristics on these helix tube phase flow-changeables make the heat transfer property of local wall have the uniqueness of itself, to the investigation of its flow pattern and local heat transfer property and based on the Reasonable Regulation And Control of these characteristics for design high-efficiency helical heat exchange of heat pipe provides new approaches, have far-reaching learning value for the phase-change heat transfer ambit simultaneously.
Strengthen at present both at home and abroad condensing heat-exchange research mainly for the research of the straight tube of smooth straight or inner fin, inside spin, inner groovy, and not yet report for the Investigation on intensification of spiral in-tube condensation phase-change heat transfer.The present invention namely for stream-liquid two-phase flow in spiral heat exchange tube in the helix tube condenser in the mobile asymmetry that is subject to showing under centrifugal force, twisting resistance and buoyancy lift acting in conjunction, utilization arranges fine catheter in the spiral heat exchange tube outer circumferential sides, the timely diversion of thick liquid film at excircle wall place will be distributed in, thereby when adjusting cross section flow pattern symmetry, the formation thin liquid film conducts heat, and reaches the purpose that improves helix tube condenser heat exchange efficiency.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of condenser of separatory spiral tube structure, it is characterized in that, fixing spiral heat exchange tube in the housing of the condenser of separatory spiral tube structure, catheter distributes on the spiral heat exchange tube excircle, the spiral heat exchange tube upper end is condensation working medium inlet tube, and the lower end is condensation sender property outlet pipe; Housing excircle upper end is coolant outlet, and the lower end is cooling water inlet.
Distribute on described spiral heat exchange tube excircle and housing axis catheter in the same way, have three kinds of versions, one is that catheter is connected with every circle of spiral heat exchange tube by microcapillary, not with housing in side contacts; It is two for to fix the fluid collection chamber that a cross section is the semicircle annular on a demifacet of helix tube excircle, described microcapillary perpendicular to the housing axis directly is not connected with helix tube excircle wall, but links with the fluid collection chamber of semicircle annular; 3 wall macropores of processing in the semicircle scope of helix tube excircle wall, silk screen is coated on the surface of 3 wall macropores, and silk screen mainly plays the separatory effect at this; It is three for to fix the fluid collection chamber that a cross section is the semicircle annular on a demifacet of helix tube excircle, described microcapillary perpendicular to the housing axis directly is not connected with helix tube excircle wall, but links with the fluid collection chamber of semicircle annular; 3-7 wall micropore of processing, play the separatory effect at this micropore in the semicircle scope of helix tube excircle wall.
On described spiral heat exchange tube excircle, the distribution catheter is equidistant or non-equidistantly distributing; At least more than two.
The equivalent aperture of the equivalent diameter of described microcapillary, the silk screen aperture of playing main separatory effect and wall micropore all represents with d, its
Wherein: σ is the condensate liquid surface tension, and g is acceleration of gravity, ρ
fBe condensate liquid density, ρ
gBe vapour phase density.
Described spiral heat exchange tube material is carbon steel, copper and copper alloy, stainless steel or nickel and nickel alloy material.
Described spiral heat exchange tube adopts the smooth outer surface pipe or adopts outer surface that radially low finned tube coiling heat exchanger tube is arranged.
Described case material adopts cast iron, bronze carbon steel or stainless steel manufacturing.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: (1) utilizes and in the spiral heat exchange tube outer circumferential sides, liquid separation structure and catheter is set, making condensate liquid in time be sucked from the helix tube outer circumferential sides under the effect of centrifugal force, twisting resistance and capillary force separates, thereby the degree of asymmetry of gas-liquid two-phase on cross-wise direction in the adjustment spiral heat exchange tube, the thick liquid film of attenuate helix tube outer circumferential sides makes it to change into the thin liquid film heat transfer of efficient heat transfer; This separatory spiral cooler structure is based on the particularity of two phase flow in helix tube; Utilize the thick liquid film of the fine catheter attenuate helix tube outer circumferential sides of outer circumferential sides, subdue the mobile asymmetry of the vapour-liquid that causes due to centrifugal force, twisting resistance; Fundamentally strengthened the heat exchange property of spiral cold-finger.Fundamentally improve the efficient of condensation phase-change heat transfer.(2) utilizing capillary force or surface tension of liquid tapping in the present invention is the non-active process that need not to consume energy, its effect is not affected by gravity, namely be not subjected to the restriction at spiral heat exchange tube inclination angle, thereby, this structure not only can be applicable to common condensation heat transfer and has the occasion of steam condensing, also can be extended to the condensation heat transfer under microgravity condition.Make it in the situation that do not increase the heat transfer efficiency that resistance significantly improves condensation phase-change heat-exchange pipeline.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is liquid division type helix tube condenser structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is helix tube silk screen liquid separation structure generalized section.
Fig. 3 is helix tube wall porous liquid separation structure generalized section.
Number in the figure: (1) housing, (2) spiral heat exchange tube, (3) catheter, (4) condensation working medium inlet tube, (5) condensation sender property outlet pipe, (6) cooling water inlet pipe, (7) cooling water outlet pipe, (8) microcapillary, (9) fluid collection chamber, (10) silk screen, (11) wall macropore, (12) wall micropore.
The specific embodiment
The invention provides a kind of condenser of separatory spiral tube structure.The present invention will be described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, but do not limit the present invention in any way.
Figure 1 shows that liquid division type helix tube condenser structure schematic diagram.In figure, at the interior fixedly spiral heat exchange tube 2 of housing 1 of the condenser of separatory spiral tube structure, distribution catheter 3 on the spiral heat exchange tube excircle, the spiral heat exchange tube upper end is condensation working medium inlet tube 4, the lower end is condensation sender property outlet pipe 5; Housing excircle upper end is coolant outlet 7, and the lower end is cooling water inlet 6.Spiral heat exchange tube 2 adopts welding manners to be connected with condensation sender property outlet pipe with condensation working medium inlet tube 4 to be connected.Condensation working medium inlet tube 4, condensation sender property outlet pipe 5, coolant outlet 7 and cooling water inlet 6 can adopt welding method or frame for movement to be connected and sealed.
Equidistant or the non-catheter 3 that is equidistantly distributing more than at least two on described spiral heat exchange tube 2 excircles; Every catheter 3 and housing 1 axis in the same way, and by many every circle UNICOMs perpendicular to the microcapillary 8 of housing 1 axis and spiral heat exchange tube 2, but catheter 3 not with the interior side contacts of housing 1; Condensate liquid for separating of the helix tube outer circumferential sides; Isolated condensate liquid is collected also teletransmission to the end of helix tube 2.
Described microcapillary 8 perpendicular to the housing axis, the helix tube wall that has two phase flow due to its UNICOM, microcapillary 8 Main Functions are separating and condensing liquid, so the yardstick that its characteristic dimension need play a major role less than or equal to surface tension of liquid, the equivalent diameter that is microcapillary 8 is d
Wherein: σ is the condensate liquid surface tension, and g is acceleration of gravity, ρ
fBe condensate liquid density, ρ
gBe vapour phase density.
Described spiral heat exchange tube material is carbon steel, copper and copper alloy, stainless steel or nickel and nickel alloy material.Spiral heat exchange tube adopts the pipe of smooth outer surface or adopts outer surface that radially low finned tube coiling heat exchanger tube is arranged.
Described case material adopts cast iron, bronze carbon steel or stainless steel manufacturing.
Fig. 2 is helix tube silk screen liquid separation structure generalized section; As shown in the figure, fix at a demifacet of helix tube 2 excircles the fluid collection chamber 9 that a cross section is the semicircle annular, its microcapillary 8 perpendicular to the housing axis directly is not connected with helix tube 2 excircle walls, but links with the fluid collection chamber 9 of semicircle annular; 3 wall macropores 11 of processing in the semicircle scope of helix tube 2 excircle walls, silk screen 10 is coated on the surface of 3 wall macropores 11, silk screen 10 mainly plays the separatory effect at this, the yardstick that its feature holes size need play a major role less than or equal to surface tension of liquid, namely the equivalent diameter d in silk screen hole need satisfy
Wherein: σ is the condensate liquid surface tension, and g is acceleration of gravity, ρ
fBe condensate liquid density, ρ
gBe vapour phase density.
Fig. 3 is helix tube wall porous liquid separation structure generalized section; Its microcapillary 8 perpendicular to the housing axis directly is not connected with helix tube excircle wall as shown in the figure, but links with fluid collection chamber 9 that a cross section is the semicircle annular; Directly process wall micropore 12 in the semicircle scope of helix tube excircle wall, when condensate liquid is gathered in helix tube excircle wall, utilize wall micropore 12 that liquid is separated in fluid collection chamber 9 under surface tension.The yardstick that the characteristic dimension need of its wall micropore 12 play a major role less than or equal to surface tension of liquid, the aperture of wall micropore 12 is d,
Wherein: σ is the condensate liquid surface tension, and g is acceleration of gravity, ρ
fBe condensate liquid density, ρ
gBe vapour phase density.
The yardstick that plays a major role less than or equal to surface tension of liquid due to the characteristic dimension of microcapillary and catheter, when liquid-vapor mixture flows in spiral heat exchange tube, be gathered in the outer circumferential sides of helix tube due to the effect condensate liquid of centrifugal force and twisting resistance, form thick liquid film or long liquid bridge, and the condensate liquid that these gather is under the surface tension of liquid effect, preferentially enter capillary and catheter, thereby in time derive condensate liquid, make it to change into the cross section degree of asymmetry of adjusting two phase flow in helix tube when thin liquid film conducts heat.Reach the assurance of regulation and control flow pattern along the efficient thin liquid film heat exchange of whole pipe range direction, significantly improve the heat transfer coefficient of helix tube condensation process.
The present invention is applicable to any occasion that needs steam-condensation.The present invention adopts capillary structure to realize the separation of thick liquid film in spiral condensing heat-exchanging pipe place condensate liquid, subdued the degree of asymmetry that the cross section two-phase distributes, attenuate near the thickness of the condensate film excircle wall, reach the whole pipe range of whole circumference and be efficient thin liquid film heat transfer, it is not affected by gravity, and all can significantly improve condensation coefficient under ground and microgravity environment.
Embodiment 1:
For the condensed water heat transfer process, select the common smooth copper of φ 10mm * 1mm of long 2600mm around being that 80mm, pitch are the spiral tedge of 15mm to becoming diameter; Select the stainless steel tube of φ 180mm * 5mm of long 220mm as housing; At two ends welding at the whole story of helix tube and the condensate liquid inlet/outlet pipe of spiral copper pipe with diameter, and make inlet/outlet pipe and housing shaft line parallel.Processing aperture from four direction at each circle helix tube in the outer circumferential sides of helix tube is the micropore of 1mm, utilize the smooth copper of φ 3mm * 1mm to weld with it perpendicular to the housing axis direction, and utilize one to be parallel to the copper pipe UNICOM of housing axis φ 4mm * 1mm the microcapillary that welds on each direction of helix tube excircle wall, and extend to the helix tube end and be connected with condensate outlet.At last in the hole of housing side processing φ 20mm, and with the stainless steel tube welding of φ 22mm * 1mm as the cooling water outlet and inlet pipe, with top and the bottom end seal of housing, obtain directly to connect at wall the liquid division type spiral cooler of microtubule.
Its wall connects microtubule and plays main separatory its aperture d=1mm, and its deterministic process is, condensation working medium is water, when an atmospheric pressure and temperature are 50 ℃, and σ=0.06794N/m, g=9.8m/s
2, ρ
f=987.99kg/m
3, ρ
g=0.0831kg/m
3,
Approximate 4.8mm, and 1mm＜4.8mm, thereby aperture d satisfies
So by micropore, the aqueous water in the condensation phase transition process is entered in catheter 3, and in time be directed at the spiral heat exchange tube end, make the liquid of spiral heat exchange tube excircle wall place's gathering be dredged, thereby improve the efficient of phase-change heat transfer.
The above; only for the better specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this, anyly is familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the variation that can expect easily or replacement are within all should being encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claim.
Claims (6)
1. the condenser of a separatory spiral tube structure, it is characterized in that, fixing spiral heat exchange tube in the housing of the condenser of separatory spiral tube structure, catheter distributes on the spiral heat exchange tube excircle, the spiral heat exchange tube upper end is condensation working medium inlet tube, and the lower end is condensation sender property outlet pipe; Housing excircle upper end is coolant outlet, and the lower end is cooling water inlet; Wherein, the equidistant or non-catheter that is equidistantly distributing more than two on the spiral heat exchange tube excircle; Every catheter and housing axis are in the same way; And be communicated with every circle of spiral heat exchange tube by many microcapillaries perpendicular to the housing axis.
2. the condenser of separatory spiral tube structure according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described separatory spiral tube structure has three kinds of versions: one is that catheter passes through microcapillary and directly is connected with every circle of spiral heat exchange tube, not with housing in side contacts; It is two for to fix the fluid collection chamber that a cross section is the semicircle annular on a demifacet of spiral heat exchange tube excircle, described microcapillary perpendicular to the housing axis directly is not connected with spiral heat exchange tube excircle wall, but is connected with the fluid collection chamber of semicircle annular; 3 wall macropores of processing in the semicircle scope of spiral heat exchange tube excircle wall, silk screen is coated on the surface of 3 wall macropores, and silk screen mainly plays the separatory effect at this; It is three for to fix the fluid collection chamber that a cross section is the semicircle annular on a demifacet of spiral heat exchange tube excircle, described microcapillary perpendicular to the housing axis directly is not connected with spiral heat exchange tube excircle wall, but is connected with the fluid collection chamber of semicircle annular; 3-7 wall micropore of processing in the semicircle scope of spiral heat exchange tube excircle wall.
3. the condenser of separatory spiral tube structure according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the equivalent aperture of the equivalent diameter of microcapillary, the silk screen hole of playing main separatory effect and wall micropore all represents with d, its
, wherein: σ is the condensate liquid surface tension, g is acceleration of gravity, ρ
fBe condensate liquid density, ρ
gBe vapour phase density.
4. the condenser of separatory spiral tube structure according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described spiral heat exchange tube material is carbon steel, copper, copper alloy, stainless steel, nickel or nickel alloy material.
5. the condenser of separatory spiral tube structure according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described spiral heat exchange tube adopts the pipe of smooth outer surface or adopts outer surface that radially low finned tube coiling heat exchanger tube is arranged.
6. the condenser of separatory spiral tube structure according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described case material adopts cast iron, bronze carbon steel or stainless steel manufacturing.
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